安装Nginx

环境介绍

操作系统：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 
[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 8 23:39:32 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

nginx软件版本：nginx-1.17.6.tar.gz

安装依赖

注意：编译安装一定要安装开发工具，否则无法进行安装或安装报错

[root@localhost opt]# yum -y install openssl openssl-devel zlib zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel make gcc gcc-c++

安装nginx

[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/
[root@localhost opt]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.17.6.tar.gz
[root@localhost opt]# tar zxf nginx-1.17.6.tar.gz 
[root@localhost opt]# cd nginx-1.17.6/
[root@localhost opt]# cd nginx-1.17.6/
[root@localhost nginx-1.17.6]# 
[root@localhost nginx-1.17.6]# ls
auto CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf configure contrib html LICENSE man README src
[root@localhost nginx-1.17.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx && make && make install

启动测试nginx

[root@localhost nginx-1.17.6]# cd /usr/local/nginx/
[root@localhost nginx]# ls
conf html logs sbin
[root@localhost nginx]# cd sbin/
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx 
[root@localhost sbin]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx    //查看端口
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 11881/nginx: master 
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 53405 11881/nginx: master 
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 53404 11881/nginx: master 
[root@localhost sbin]# ps aux | grep nginx    //查看进程
jia 5496 0.0 0.0 302400 852 ? Sl 10:58 0:00 /usr/libexec/ibus-engine-simple
root 11881 0.0 0.0 20560 620 ? Ss 11:23 0:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody 11882 0.0 0.1 23080 1632 ? S 11:23 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 11896 0.0 0.1 112728 988 pts/0 S+ 11:24 0:00 grep --color=auto ngin

设置为系统命令

[root@localhost sbin]# ln nginx /usr/local/sbin/
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -t    //检查nginx语法
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s stop    //停止nginx
[root@localhost ~]# which nginx    //查看启动程序位置
/usr/local/sbin/nginx

方法一利用rc.local脚本

rc.local是启动加载文件,在linux中要把一个程序加入开机启动，一般可以通过修改rc.local来完成，这个文件时开机就要加载的文件，所以我们就可以利用linux这个文件设置nginx开机自启动

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/rc.local //文件存放在/etc目录下

下面时rc.local的文件内容：

#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local

利用这个文件可以设置自己想在开机时启动的命令，直接把自己想执行的命令写到rc.local中就可以了
我们把nginx启动命令加入此文件中

[root@localhost ~]# echo sh /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx >> /etc/rc.local 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/rc.local 
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
如果你上面把nginx设置为系统命令那你就可以直接写命令就好了
nginx

然后让我们重启系统再次查看端口和进程

[root@localhost ~]# reboot
重启后发现nginx自动启动了
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4847/nginx: master 
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 39265 4847/nginx: master 
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 39264 4847/nginx: master 
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep nginx
root 4847 0.0 0.0 20560 612 ? Ss 11:45 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody 4848 0.0 0.1 23080 1388 ? S 11:45 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 4860 0.0 0.1 112724 988 pts/0 S+ 11:45 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@localhost ~]#

方法二设置系统服务

推荐设置开机自启

置启动生成pid文件

pid文件是进程文件里面存放的是程序运行的进程ID也就是进程号
nginx生成pid文件需要修改配置文件
**修改内容如下：**

默认配置文件有这一条，如果没有请在nginx.conf中找到这一条然后将前面注释删除就可以了
pid logs/nginx.pid;

在/usr/lib/systemd/system路径下添加nginx.service文件

/usr/lib/systemd/system 此目录是用来存放一些系统服务的
nginx文件内容：

[root@localhost system]# cat nginx.service 
[Unit]
Description=nginx    //描述
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target    \描述服务类别

[Service]
Type=forking    //设置运行方式，后台运行
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid    //设置PID文件
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx    //启动命令
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID    //重启命令
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID    //关闭命令
PrivateTmp=true    //分配独立的临时空间
*注意命令需要写绝对路径
[Install]    ///服务安装的相关设置，可设置为多用户
WantedBy=multi-user.target

注意：此文件需要754的权限

测试启动关闭

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nginx    //启动服务
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5249/nginx: master 
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 42458 5249/nginx: master 
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 42459 5249/nginx: master 
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop nginx    //关闭服务
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx    //重新启动服务
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5289/nginx: master 
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 45346 5289/nginx: master 
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 45347 5289/nginx: master

需要注意的是使用之前执行脚本来启动服务的，无法使用此方法关闭服务

设置开机自启动

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable nginx

重启看效果

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4081/nginx: master 
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 32429 4081/nginx: master 
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 32428 4081/nginx: master

init.d设置开机启动

init启动方式在centos7系统版本已经不推荐使用了

在/etc/init.d目录中创建启动文件nginx

文件内容如下：

#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: 345 80 20    //启动顺序
# description: start the nginx deamon    //说明
# Source function library
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

prog=nginx
# 根据自己的路径改写CATALANA_HOME
CATALANA_HOME=/usr/local/nginx
export CATALINA_HOME

case "$1" in
start)
echo "Starting nginx..."
$CATALANA_HOME/sbin/nginx
;;

stop)
echo "Stopping nginx..."
$CATALANA_HOME/sbin/nginx -s stop
;;

restart)
echo "Stopping nginx..."
$CATALANA_HOME/sbin/nginx -s stop
sleep 2
echo
echo "Starting nginx..."
$CATALANA_HOME/sbin/nginx
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart}"
;;
esac
exit 0

设置权限

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx    //设置执行权限

测试启动

[root@localhost init.d]# service nginx start    //启动nginx
Starting nginx (via systemctl): [ 确定 ]
[root@localhost init.d]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4081/nginx: master 
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 38534 4081/nginx: master 
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 38535 4081/nginx: master 
[root@localhost init.d]# service nginx stop    //关闭nginx
Stopping nginx (via systemctl): [ 确定 ]
[root@localhost init.d]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx
[root@localhost init.d]# service nginx restart //重新启动nginx
Restarting nginx (via systemctl): [ 确定 ]
[root@localhost init.d]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5304/nginx: master 
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 43218 5304/nginx: master 
unix 3 [ ] STREA

在centos7中init.d中的服务默认也会在system目录中