Webservices-2.C#创建web服务,及引用访问、代码访问

注:web服务简介Webservices-1.web服务定义简介

以下均以C#语言为例

一、创建web服务(简单介绍,主要讨论客户端引用)

  打开VS创建网站项目,在网站项目中添加“WEB服务(ASMX)”,

  此时VS便已经默认建立好一个web服务。

  如需使用Session,请添加“[WebMethod(EnableSession=true)] ”,更多信息请实际编写代码时候查看智能提示,及msdn文档

  此时可以将服务部署于web服务器上,以IIS为例,部署完毕即可正确访问。有时创建IIS网站时,请注意配置使用的.net版本库。

  访问地址:http://172.168.0.40:8086/WebSer.asmx(个人PC示例,请勿随意copy)

二、服务解析概述

  在访问地址后添加?WSDL既可以查看服务说明文档http://172.168.0.40:8086/WebSer.asmx?WSDL

  

  1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2 <wsdl:definitions xmlns:tm="http://microsoft.com/wsdl/mime/textMatching/" xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:mime="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/mime/" xmlns:tns="ChineShine" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap12/" xmlns:http="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/http/" targetNamespace="ChineShine" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/">
  3   <wsdl:types>
  4     <s:schema elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="ChineShine">
  5       <s:element name="HelloWorld">
  6         <s:complexType>
  7           <s:sequence>
  8             <s:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" name="ss" type="s:string" />
  9           </s:sequence>
 10         </s:complexType>
 11       </s:element>
 12       <s:element name="HelloWorldResponse">
 13         <s:complexType>
 14           <s:sequence>
 15             <s:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" name="HelloWorldResult" type="s:string" />
 16           </s:sequence>
 17         </s:complexType>
 18       </s:element>
 19       <s:element name="NoReturnValue">
 20         <s:complexType>
 21           <s:sequence>
 22             <s:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" name="ss" type="s:string" />
 23           </s:sequence>
 24         </s:complexType>
 25       </s:element>
 26       <s:element name="NoReturnValueResponse">
 27         <s:complexType />
 28       </s:element>
 29       <s:element name="NoParaValue">
 30         <s:complexType />
 31       </s:element>
 32       <s:element name="NoParaValueResponse">
 33         <s:complexType>
 34           <s:sequence>
 35             <s:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" name="NoParaValueResult" type="s:string" />
 36           </s:sequence>
 37         </s:complexType>
 38       </s:element>
 39     </s:schema>
 40   </wsdl:types>
 41   <wsdl:message name="HelloWorldSoapIn">
 42     <wsdl:part name="parameters" element="tns:HelloWorld" />
 43   </wsdl:message>
 44   <wsdl:message name="HelloWorldSoapOut">
 45     <wsdl:part name="parameters" element="tns:HelloWorldResponse" />
 46   </wsdl:message>
 47   <wsdl:message name="NoReturnValueSoapIn">
 48     <wsdl:part name="parameters" element="tns:NoReturnValue" />
 49   </wsdl:message>
 50   <wsdl:message name="NoReturnValueSoapOut">
 51     <wsdl:part name="parameters" element="tns:NoReturnValueResponse" />
 52   </wsdl:message>
 53   <wsdl:message name="NoParaValueSoapIn">
 54     <wsdl:part name="parameters" element="tns:NoParaValue" />
 55   </wsdl:message>
 56   <wsdl:message name="NoParaValueSoapOut">
 57     <wsdl:part name="parameters" element="tns:NoParaValueResponse" />
 58   </wsdl:message>
 59   <wsdl:portType name="WebSerSoap">
 60     <wsdl:operation name="HelloWorld">
 61       <wsdl:input message="tns:HelloWorldSoapIn" />
 62       <wsdl:output message="tns:HelloWorldSoapOut" />
 63     </wsdl:operation>
 64     <wsdl:operation name="NoReturnValue">
 65       <wsdl:input message="tns:NoReturnValueSoapIn" />
 66       <wsdl:output message="tns:NoReturnValueSoapOut" />
 67     </wsdl:operation>
 68     <wsdl:operation name="NoParaValue">
 69       <wsdl:input message="tns:NoParaValueSoapIn" />
 70       <wsdl:output message="tns:NoParaValueSoapOut" />
 71     </wsdl:operation>
 72   </wsdl:portType>
 73   <wsdl:binding name="WebSerSoap" type="tns:WebSerSoap">
 74     <soap:binding transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" />
 75     <wsdl:operation name="HelloWorld">
 76       <soap:operation soapAction="ChineShine/HelloWorld" style="document" />
 77       <wsdl:input>
 78         <soap:body use="literal" />
 79       </wsdl:input>
 80       <wsdl:output>
 81         <soap:body use="literal" />
 82       </wsdl:output>
 83     </wsdl:operation>
 84     <wsdl:operation name="NoReturnValue">
 85       <soap:operation soapAction="ChineShine/NoReturnValue" style="document" />
 86       <wsdl:input>
 87         <soap:body use="literal" />
 88       </wsdl:input>
 89       <wsdl:output>
 90         <soap:body use="literal" />
 91       </wsdl:output>
 92     </wsdl:operation>
 93     <wsdl:operation name="NoParaValue">
 94       <soap:operation soapAction="ChineShine/NoParaValue" style="document" />
 95       <wsdl:input>
 96         <soap:body use="literal" />
 97       </wsdl:input>
 98       <wsdl:output>
 99         <soap:body use="literal" />
100       </wsdl:output>
101     </wsdl:operation>
102   </wsdl:binding>
103   <wsdl:binding name="WebSerSoap12" type="tns:WebSerSoap">
104     <soap12:binding transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" />
105     <wsdl:operation name="HelloWorld">
106       <soap12:operation soapAction="ChineShine/HelloWorld" style="document" />
107       <wsdl:input>
108         <soap12:body use="literal" />
109       </wsdl:input>
110       <wsdl:output>
111         <soap12:body use="literal" />
112       </wsdl:output>
113     </wsdl:operation>
114     <wsdl:operation name="NoReturnValue">
115       <soap12:operation soapAction="ChineShine/NoReturnValue" style="document" />
116       <wsdl:input>
117         <soap12:body use="literal" />
118       </wsdl:input>
119       <wsdl:output>
120         <soap12:body use="literal" />
121       </wsdl:output>
122     </wsdl:operation>
123     <wsdl:operation name="NoParaValue">
124       <soap12:operation soapAction="ChineShine/NoParaValue" style="document" />
125       <wsdl:input>
126         <soap12:body use="literal" />
127       </wsdl:input>
128       <wsdl:output>
129         <soap12:body use="literal" />
130       </wsdl:output>
131     </wsdl:operation>
132   </wsdl:binding>
133   <wsdl:service name="WebSer">
134     <wsdl:port name="WebSerSoap" binding="tns:WebSerSoap">
135       <soap:address location="http://172.168.0.40:8086/WebSer.asmx" />
136     </wsdl:port>
137     <wsdl:port name="WebSerSoap12" binding="tns:WebSerSoap12">
138       <soap12:address location="http://172.168.0.40:8086/WebSer.asmx" />
139     </wsdl:port>
140   </wsdl:service>
141 </wsdl:definitions>
View Code

  

 折叠后查看

  

  注意:WSDL元素[1]基于XML语法描述了与服务进行交互的基本元素:

    Type(消息类型):数据类型定义的容器,它使用某种类型系统(如XSD)。
    Message(消息):通信数据的抽象类型化定义,它由一个或者多个part组成。
    Part:消息参数
    Operation(操作):对服务所支持的操作进行抽象描述,WSDL定义了四种操作: 1.单向(one-way):端点接受信息;2.请求-响应(request-response):端点接受消息,然后发送相关消息;3.要求-响应(solicit-response):端点发送消息,然后接受相关消息;4.通知(notification[2]):端点发送消息。
    Port Type (端口类型):特定端口类型的具体协议和数据格式规范。
    Binding:特定端口类型的具体协议和数据格式规范
    Port:定义为绑定和网络地址组合的单个端点。
    Service:相关端口的集合,包括其关联的接口、操作、消息等。

  2.1 targerNamespasce

    主要声明的是:本服务使用的命名空间 ,默认是:http://tempuri.org/ (打开一看,跑到bing去了,呵呵),可以自定义使用,如本文定义了:ChineShine

  2.2 wsdl:types

    主要是:服务接口里面的:方法名称,参数,返回值介绍

  2.3 wsdl:Message、wsdl:portType (参看以上注意)

  2.4 wsdl:Binding

    可以使用的协议访问,如示例中提示使用的soap(即soap1.1),soap12(即soap1.2)

  2.5 wsdl:service

    主要是:各种方式服务的接口地址

  综述:其实在调用别人web服务的时候,只要有web服务地址,即可能够使用,对方的服务,要详细正确使用还需服务开发者,提供详细调用文档。

三、客户端服务引用(这里才是重点啊)

  客户端引用主要包含:项目中引用服务地址,普通引用(主要指VS中的“添加服务引用”)

名称   使用场景 优缺点
普通引用   项目建立初期 初期建立,方便快捷,易于使用
 使用代理类    完善的项目,使用中的项目,

需求变更的项目,当然初期的也可以

 需要自己手工编写代码,

对于成熟使用的项目扩展性好

代码引用 post

完善的项目,使用中的项目,

需求变更的项目,当然初期的也可以

需要自己手工编写代码,

对于成熟使用的项目扩展性好

get
soap1.1
soap1.2

   3.1 普通引用

    在需要引用的VS项目中,引用→添加服务引用→添加服务地址“http://172.168.0.40:8086/WebSer.asmx”,

    编写基本代码即可使用

    TestServiceReference.WebSerSoapClient wc = new TestServiceReference.WebSerSoapClient();//初始化web服务客户端对象
            string ss=wc.HelloWorld("你好");//调用web服务的,接口方法  

    说明:这种方法适用于VS操作,其他语言及IDE未测试。优点方便快捷,简单易于使用。

  3.2 代码引用

    这里以soap1.1 为例,post,get比较简单,soap1.2 与soap1.1类似,讲述soap1.1后会添加全部代码

    

    打开其中一个接口,参看

  

  

  

  注:前提条件,根据接口的wsdl,以及开发商提供的文档可以查看到:接口的地址(URL)、方法名(Method)、参数列表(Paras)、命名空间等信息(tns)

  编写请求代码:

    //创建一个HttpWebRequest
    HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL);
    request.Method = "POST";//请求方式
    request.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";//网络文件的类型和网页的编码
    request.Headers.Add("SOAPAction", """ + XmlNs + (XmlNs.EndsWith("/") ? "" : "/") + MethodName + """);//构建soap1.1 请求头文件
    request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;//获取系统凭据
    request.Timeout = 10000;//请求超时时间
    byte[] data = EncodeParsToSoap(Pars, XmlNs, MethodName, soapVersion);//组织发送内容,并序列化成字节流,详细参看附注代码,
    request.ContentLength = data.Length;//请求数据长度
            using (Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream())//请求参数
            {
                writer.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
                writer.Close();
            }
    XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(), doc2 = new XmlDocument();
    doc = ReadXmlResponse(request.GetResponse());//接收返回消息  request.GetResponse() 附注代码已修改成使用异步编程方式
    这是一次请求,就完成了。详细处理,请参看详细代码

  附注:详细代码(复制到程序中,直接就可以使用哦!)

  1 using System;
  2 using System.Collections;
  3 using System.Collections.Generic;
  4 using System.IO;
  5 using System.Linq;
  6 using System.Net;
  7 using System.Text;
  8 using System.Web;
  9 using System.Xml;
 10 using System.Xml.Serialization;
 11 
 12 namespace TestWS
 13 {
 14     public class WebServicesCodeTool
 15     {
 16         private System.Collections.Hashtable _xmlNamespaces = new System.Collections.Hashtable();//缓存xmlNamespace,避免重复调用GetNamespace
 17 
 18         /// <summary>
 19         /// 需要WebService支持Post调用
 20         /// </summary>
 21         public System.Xml.XmlDocument QueryPostWebService(String URL, String MethodName, System.Collections.Hashtable Pars)
 22         {
 23             HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL + "/" + MethodName);
 24             request.Method = "POST";
 25             request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
 26             SetWebRequest(request);
 27             byte[] data = EncodePars(Pars);
 28             WriteRequestData(request, data);
 29             return ReadXmlResponse(request.GetResponse());//这里没有修改成异步方式,建议自行修改
 30         }
 31 
 32         /// <summary>
 33         /// 需要WebService支持Get调用
 34         /// </summary>
 35         public XmlDocument QueryGetWebService(String URL, String MethodName, Hashtable Pars)
 36         {
 37             HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL + "/" + MethodName + "?" + ParsToString(Pars));
 38             request.Method = "GET";
 39             request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
 40             SetWebRequest(request);
 41             return ReadXmlResponse(request.GetResponse());
 42         }
 43         /// <summary>
 44         /// 通用WebService调用(Soap),参数Pars为String类型的参数名、参数值、soap版本(如果支持1.2,使用1.2,默认填写1.1)
 45         /// </summary>
 46         /// <param name="URL"></param>
 47         /// <param name="MethodName"></param>
 48         /// <param name="Pars"></param>
 49         /// <param name="soapVersion"></param>
 50         /// <returns></returns>
 51         public XmlDocument QuerySoapWebService(String URL, String MethodName, Hashtable Pars, string soapVersion)
 52         {
 53             if (_xmlNamespaces.ContainsKey(URL))
 54             {
 55                 return QuerySoapWebService(URL, MethodName, Pars, _xmlNamespaces[URL].ToString(), soapVersion);
 56             }
 57             else
 58             {
 59                 return QuerySoapWebService(URL, MethodName, Pars, GetNamespace(URL), soapVersion);
 60             }
 61         }
 62         XmlDocument doc = null;
 63         private XmlDocument QuerySoapWebService(String URL, String MethodName, Hashtable Pars, string XmlNs, string soapVersion)
 64         {
 65             _xmlNamespaces[URL] = XmlNs;//加入缓存,提高效率
 66             HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL);
 67             request.Method = "POST";
 68 
 69             if (soapVersion == "1.2")
 70             {
 71                 request.ContentType = "application/soap+xml;charset=utf-8";
 72             }
 73             else
 74             {
 75                 request.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";
 76                 request.Headers.Add("SOAPAction", """ + XmlNs + (XmlNs.EndsWith("/") ? "" : "/") + MethodName + """);
 77             }
 78             SetWebRequest(request);
 79             byte[] data = EncodeParsToSoap(Pars, XmlNs, MethodName, soapVersion);
 80             WriteRequestData(request, data);
 81 
 82             XmlDocument doc2 = new XmlDocument();
 83             IAsyncResult ar = request.BeginGetResponse(AsyncCallbackGetResponse, request);//异步方式
 84             //XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
 85             //doc = ReadXmlResponse(request.GetResponse());//原来同步方式
 86             if (ar.IsCompleted && doc != null)
 87             {
 88                 XmlNamespaceManager mgr = new XmlNamespaceManager(doc.NameTable);
 89                 String RetXml = "";
 90                 if (soapVersion == "1.2")
 91                 {
 92                     mgr.AddNamespace("soap12", "http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope");
 93                     RetXml = doc.SelectSingleNode("//soap12:Body/*/*", mgr).InnerXml;
 94                 }
 95                 else
 96                 {
 97                     mgr.AddNamespace("soap", "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/");
 98                     RetXml = doc.SelectSingleNode("//soap:Body/*/*", mgr).InnerXml;
 99                 }
100                 doc2.LoadXml("<root>" + RetXml + "</root>");
101                 AddDelaration(doc2);
102 
103             }
104             return doc2;
105         }
106 
107         private void AsyncCallbackGetResponse(IAsyncResult ar)
108         {
109             WebRequest request = ar.AsyncState as WebRequest;
110             var response = request.EndGetResponse(ar);
111             Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream();
112             using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream))
113             {
114                 string content = reader.ReadToEnd();
115                 if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(content))
116                 {
117                     doc = new XmlDocument();
118                     doc.LoadXml(content);
119                 }
120             }
121         }
122 
123         /// <summary>
124         /// 第一次执行获取要访问的命名空间
125         /// </summary>
126         /// <param name="URL"></param>
127         /// <returns></returns>
128         private string GetNamespace(String URL)
129         {
130             HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(URL + "?WSDL");
131             SetWebRequest(request);
132             WebResponse response = request.GetResponse();
133             XmlDocument doc = null;
134             using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8))
135             {
136                 doc = new XmlDocument();
137                 doc.LoadXml(sr.ReadToEnd());
138                 sr.Close();
139             }
140             return doc != null ? doc.SelectSingleNode("//@targetNamespace").Value : "http://tempuri.org/";
141         }
142 
143         private byte[] EncodeParsToSoap(Hashtable Pars, String XmlNs, String MethodName, string soapVersion)
144         {
145             XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
146             XmlElement soapBody = null;
147             if (soapVersion == "1.2")
148             {
149                 doc.LoadXml("<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"></soap12:Envelope>");
150                 AddDelaration(doc);
151                 soapBody = doc.CreateElement("soap12", "Body", "http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope");
152             }
153             else
154             {
155                 doc.LoadXml("<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"></soap:Envelope>");
156                 AddDelaration(doc);
157                 soapBody = doc.CreateElement("soap", "Body", "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/");
158             }
159             XmlElement soapMethod = doc.CreateElement(MethodName);
160             soapMethod.SetAttribute("xmlns", XmlNs);
161             foreach (string k in Pars.Keys)
162             {
163                 XmlElement soapPar = doc.CreateElement(k);
164                 soapPar.InnerXml = ObjectToSoapXml(Pars[k]);
165                 soapMethod.AppendChild(soapPar);
166             }
167             soapBody.AppendChild(soapMethod);
168             doc.DocumentElement.AppendChild(soapBody);
169             return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(doc.OuterXml);
170         }
171 
172         private string ObjectToSoapXml(object o)
173         {
174             XmlSerializer mySerializer = new XmlSerializer(o.GetType());
175             MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
176             mySerializer.Serialize(ms, o);
177             XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
178             doc.LoadXml(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray()));
179             if (doc.DocumentElement != null)
180             {
181                 return doc.DocumentElement.InnerXml;
182             }
183             else
184             {
185                 return o.ToString();
186             }
187         }
188 
189         private void SetWebRequest(HttpWebRequest request)
190         {
191             request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
192             request.Timeout = 10000;
193         }
194 
195         private void WriteRequestData(HttpWebRequest request, byte[] data)
196         {
197             request.ContentLength = data.Length;
198             using (Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream())
199             {
200                 writer.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
201                 writer.Close();
202             }
203         }
204 
205         private byte[] EncodePars(Hashtable Pars)
206         {
207             return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(ParsToString(Pars));
208         }
209 
210         private String ParsToString(Hashtable Pars)
211         {
212             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
213             foreach (string k in Pars.Keys)
214             {
215                 if (sb.Length > 0)
216                 {
217                     sb.Append("&");
218                 }
219                 sb.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(k) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(Pars[k].ToString()));
220             }
221             return sb.ToString();
222         }
223 
224         private XmlDocument ReadXmlResponse(WebResponse response)
225         {
226             String retXml = "";
227             using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8))
228             {
229                 retXml = sr.ReadToEnd();
230                 sr.Close();
231             }
232             XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
233             if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(retXml)) { doc.LoadXml(retXml); }
234             return doc;
235         }
236 
237         private void AddDelaration(XmlDocument doc)
238         {
239             XmlDeclaration decl = doc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null);
240             doc.InsertBefore(decl, doc.DocumentElement);
241         }
242 
243     }
244 }
View Code

  项目中的调用:

    WebServicesTool ws = new WebServicesTool();
    Hashtable paras = new Hashtable();
           paras.Add("ss", "你好");
           XmlDocument docPost = ws.QueryPostWebService("http://172.168.0.40:8086/WebSer.asmx", "HelloWorld", paras);
           XmlDocument docSoap = ws.QuerySoapWebService("http://172.168.0.40:8086/WebSer.asmx", "HelloWorld", paras, "1.2");
           context.Response.Write(docPost.OuterXml);
           context.Response.Write(docSoap.OuterXml);

  3.3 使用wsdl代理类

    ①、查看webservice服务,访问Service Document,即这里的wsdl文件,

    ②、将查看的wsdl文件保存。

    ③、本机使用VS自带的“VS2013 开发人员命令提示”。点击打开

    ④、wsdl  文件路径,即可生成代理类,调用代理类即可访问不同程序编写的webservice服务

四、心得

  4.1 使用代码方式,使得成熟稳定的项目,易于扩展。

  4.2 不论何种语言,只要读懂wsdl及接口开发商提供文档即可,调用web接口。

  4.3 一些关于soap1.2 的简介http://blog.csdn.net/xiaojianpitt/article/details/5258254

    更多的soap介绍,可以查看:http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/xml/x-sisoap/
    

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/bjlhx/p/3547963.html