原来系统的mysql的版本信息如下：
yum info mysql-server
Mysql安装包的信息：
yum 命令补充：
yum info package1 显示安装包信息package1
运行的结果，默认 yum install mysql-server安装的版本是mysql5.1的版本，现在要借着官网
http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm rpm 安装包更新mysql的rpm安装包
查看当前mysql的版本：
[root@debug_test src]# yum info mysql-server Loaded plugins: security Installed Packages Name : mysql-server Arch : x86_64 Version : 5.1.73 Release : 8.el6_8 Size : 25 M Repo : installed From repo : updates Summary : The MySQL server and related files URL : http://www.mysql.com License : GPLv2 with exceptions Description : MySQL is a multi-user, multi-threaded SQL database server. MySQL is a : client/server implementation consisting of a server daemon (mysqld) : and many different client programs and libraries. This package contains : the MySQL server and some accompanying files and directories.
下载Mysql 的rpm 安装库
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
下载后安装：
[root@debug_test src]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:mysql-community-release########################################### [100%] [root@debug_test src]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] package mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch is already installed
可以查看yum 安装库中关于Mysql的可以安装的Mysql的版本的信息
更新以后查看mysql可以安装的版本：
[root@debug_test src]# yum list |grep -i mysql
mysql-community-client.x86_64 5.6.35-2.el6 @mysql56-community
mysql-community-common.x86_64 5.6.35-2.el6 @mysql56-community
mysql-community-devel.x86_64 5.6.35-2.el6 @mysql56-community
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 5.6.35-2.el6 @mysql56-community
mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 5.6.35-2.el6 @mysql56-community
mysql-community-release.noarch el6-5 installed
mysql-community-server.x86_64 5.6.35-2.el6 @mysql56-community
perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 4.013-3.el6 @base
MySQL-python.x86_64 1.2.3-0.3.c1.1.el6 base
MySQL-zrm.noarch 3.0-6.el6 epel
apr-util-mysql.x86_64 1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 base
asterisk-mysql.x86_64 1.8.32.3-2.el6 epel
bacula-director-mysql.x86_64 5.0.0-13.el6 base
bacula-storage-mysql.x86_64 5.0.0-13.el6 base
collectd-mysql.x86_64 4.10.9-3.el6 epel
dmlite-plugins-mysql.x86_64 0.8.5-1.el6 epel
dovecot-mysql.x86_64 1:2.0.9-22.el6 base
dpm-copy-server-mysql.x86_64 1.9.0-1.el6 epel
dpm-name-server-mysql.x86_64 1.9.0-1.el6 epel
dpm-server-mysql.x86_64 1.9.0-1.el6 epel
dpm-srm-server-mysql.x86_64 1.9.0-1.el6 epel
dspam-mysql.x86_64 3.10.2-7.el6 epel
exim-mysql.x86_64 4.88-2.el6 epel
freeradius-mysql.x86_64 2.2.6-6.el6_7 base
fts-mysql.i686 3.5.7-1.el6 epel
fts-mysql.x86_64 3.5.7-1.el6 epel
gnokii-smsd-mysql.x86_64 0.6.30-2.el6 epel
holland-mysql.noarch 1.0.14-3.el6 epel
holland-mysqldump.noarch 1.0.14-3.el6 epel
holland-mysqllvm.noarch 1.0.14-3.el6 epel
lfc-server-mysql.x86_64 1.9.0-1.el6 epel
libdbi-dbd-mysql.x86_64 0.8.3-5.1.el6 base
libmysqlclient16.x86_64 5.1.69-1.w6 webtatic
libmysqlclient16-devel.x86_64 5.1.69-1.w6 webtatic
libnss-mysql.i686 1.5-12.el6 epel
libnss-mysql.x86_64 1.5-12.el6 epel
libodb-mysql.i686 2.3.0-1.el6 epel
libodb-mysql.x86_64 2.3.0-1.el6 epel
libodb-mysql-devel.i686 2.3.0-1.el6 epel
libodb-mysql-devel.x86_64 2.3.0-1.el6 epel
lighttpd-mod_authn_mysql.x86_64 1.4.45-1.el6 epel
lighttpd-mod_mysql_vhost.x86_64 1.4.45-1.el6 epel
lua-sql-mysql.x86_64 2.1.1-7.el6 epel
mod_auth_mysql.x86_64 1:3.0.0-11.el6_0.1 base
mydns-mysql.x86_64 1.2.8.31-2.el6 epel
mysql.x86_64 5.1.73-8.el6_8 updates
mysql++.i686 3.0.9-3.el6 epel
mysql++.x86_64 3.0.9-3.el6 epel
mysql++-devel.i686 3.0.9-3.el6 epel
mysql++-devel.x86_64 3.0.9-3.el6 epel
mysql++-manuals.x86_64 3.0.9-3.el6 epel
mysql-bench.x86_64 5.1.73-8.el6_8 updates
mysql-community-bench.x86_64 5.6.35-2.el6 mysql56-community
mysql-community-client.i686 5.6.35-2.el6 mysql56-community
mysql-community-common.i686 5.6.35-2.el6 mysql56-community
mysql-community-devel.i686 5.6.35-2.el6 mysql56-community
mysql-community-embedded.i686 5.6.35-2.el6 mysql56-community
mysql-community-embedded.x86_64 5.6.35-2.el6 mysql56-community
mysql-community-embedded-devel.i686 5.6.35-2.el6 mysql56-community
mysql-community-embedded-devel.x86_64 5.6.35-2.el6 mysql56-community
mysql-community-libs.i686 5.6.35-2.el6 mysql56-community
mysql-community-libs-compat.i686 5.6.35-2.el6 mysql56-community
mysql-community-test.x86_64 5.6.35-2.el6 mysql56-community
mysql-connector-java.noarch 1:5.1.17-6.el6 base
mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 5.3.7-1.el6 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-odbc-debuginfo.x86_64 5.3.7-1.el6 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-odbc-setup.x86_64 5.3.7-1.el6 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-python.noarch 2.0.4-1.el6 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-python.x86_64 2.1.5-1.el6 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-python-cext.x86_64 2.1.5-1.el6 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-connector-python-debuginfo.x86_64 2.1.5-1.el6 mysql-connectors-community
mysql-devel.i686 5.1.73-8.el6_8 updates
mysql-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-8.el6_8 updates
mysql-embedded.i686 5.1.73-8.el6_8 updates
mysql-embedded.x86_64 5.1.73-8.el6_8 updates
mysql-embedded-devel.i686 5.1.73-8.el6_8 updates
mysql-embedded-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-8.el6_8 updates
mysql-libs.i686 5.1.73-8.el6_8 updates
mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-8.el6_8 updates
mysql-mmm.noarch 2.2.1-2.el6 epel
mysql-mmm-agent.noarch 2.2.1-2.el6 epel
mysql-mmm-monitor.noarch 2.2.1-2.el6 epel
mysql-mmm-tools.noarch 2.2.1-2.el6 epel
mysql-proxy.i686 0.8.5-2.el6 epel
mysql-proxy.x86_64 0.8.5-2.el6 epel
mysql-proxy-devel.i686 0.8.5-2.el6 epel
mysql-proxy-devel.x86_64 0.8.5-2.el6 epel
mysql-ref-manual-5.6-en-html-chapter.noarch
1-20170110 mysql56-community
mysql-ref-manual-5.6-en-pdf.noarch 1-20170110 mysql56-community
mysql-router.x86_64 2.0.4-1.el6 mysql-tools-community
mysql-router-debuginfo.x86_64 2.0.4-1.el6 mysql-tools-community
mysql-server.x86_64 5.1.73-8.el6_8 updates
mysql-test.x86_64 5.1.73-8.el6_8 updates
mysql-utilities.noarch 1.6.5-1.el6 mysql-tools-community
mysql-utilities-extra.noarch 1.5.6-1.el6 mysql-tools-community
mysql-workbench-community.x86_64 6.3.8-1.el6 mysql-tools-community
mysql-workbench-community-debuginfo.x86_64 6.3.8-1.el6 mysql-tools-community
mysql55w.x86_64 5.5.54-1.w6 webtatic
mysql55w-bench.x86_64 5.5.54-1.w6 webtatic
mysql55w-devel.x86_64 5.5.54-1.w6 webtatic
mysql55w-embedded.x86_64 5.5.54-1.w6 webtatic
mysql55w-embedded-devel.x86_64 5.5.54-1.w6 webtatic
mysql55w-libs.x86_64 5.5.54-1.w6 webtatic
mysql55w-server.x86_64 5.5.54-1.w6 webtatic
mysql55w-test.x86_64 5.5.54-1.w6 webtatic
mysqlreport.noarch 3.5-4.el6 epel
mysqltuner.noarch 1.6.0-1.el6 epel
nagios-plugins-mysql.x86_64 2.1.4-3.el6 epel
ndoutils-mysql.x86_64 1.5.2-1.el6 epel
nodejs-mysql.noarch 2.0.0-alpha9.2.el6.2 epel
opendbx-mysql.x86_64 1.4.6-6.el6 epel
openscada-DB-MySQL.x86_64 0.7.2-1.el6 epel
opensips-mysql.x86_64 1.7.2-2.el6 epel
pam_mysql.i686 1:0.7-0.12.rc1.el6 epel
pam_mysql.x86_64 1:0.7-0.12.rc1.el6 epel
pcp-pmda-mysql.x86_64 3.10.9-6.el6 base
pdns-backend-mysql.x86_64 3.3.3-2.el6 epel
perl-Class-DBI-mysql.noarch 1.00-7.el6 epel
perl-DateTime-Format-MySQL.noarch 0.04-8.el6 epel
perl-Test-mysqld.noarch 0.17-3.el6 epel
perl-Time-Piece-MySQL.noarch 0.05-8.el6 epel
php-ZendFramework-Db-Adapter-Mysqli.noarch 1.12.20-1.el6 epel
php-ZendFramework-Db-Adapter-Pdo-Mysql.noarch
php-mysql.x86_64 5.3.3-48.el6_8 updates
php-pear-MDB2-Driver-mysql.noarch 1.5.0-0.8.b4.el6 epel
php-pear-MDB2-Driver-mysqli.noarch 1.5.0-0.8.b4.el6 epel
php55w-mysql.x86_64 5.5.38-1.w6 webtatic
php55w-mysqlnd.x86_64 5.5.38-1.w6 webtatic
php56w-mysql.x86_64 5.6.30-1.w6 webtatic
php56w-mysqlnd.x86_64 5.6.30-1.w6 webtatic
php70w-mysql.x86_64 7.0.16-1.w6 webtatic
php70w-mysqlnd.x86_64 7.0.16-1.w6 webtatic
php71w-mysql.x86_64 7.1.2-1.w6 webtatic
php71w-mysqlnd.x86_64 7.1.2-1.w6 webtatic
poco-mysql.i686 1.4.2p1-3.el6 epel
poco-mysql.x86_64 1.4.2p1-3.el6 epel
proftpd-mysql.x86_64 1.3.3g-10.el6 epel
qt-mysql.i686 1:4.6.2-28.el6_5 base
qt-mysql.x86_64 1:4.6.2-28.el6_5 base
qt3-MySQL.i686 3.3.8b-30.el6 base
qt3-MySQL.x86_64 3.3.8b-30.el6 base
qt5-qtbase-mysql.i686 5.6.1-3.el6 epel
qt5-qtbase-mysql.x86_64 5.6.1-3.el6 epel
rekall-mysql.i686 2.4.6-13.el6 epel
rekall-mysql.x86_64 2.4.6-13.el6 epel
root-sql-mysql.x86_64 5.34.36-1.el6 epel
rsyslog-mysql.x86_64 5.8.10-10.el6_6 base
rsyslog7-mysql.x86_64 7.4.10-5.el6 base
ruby-mysql.x86_64 2.8.2-1.el6 epel
soci-mysql.i686 3.2.2-2.el6 epel
soci-mysql.x86_64 3.2.2-2.el6 epel
soci-mysql-devel.i686 3.2.2-2.el6 epel
soci-mysql-devel.x86_64 3.2.2-2.el6 epel
tcl-mysqltcl.x86_64 3.052-1.el6 epel
trytond-mysql.noarch 1.8.10-1.el6 epel
voms-mysql-plugin.x86_64 3.1.7-1.el6 epel
zabbix-proxy-mysql.x86_64 1.8.22-1.el6 epel
zabbix-server-mysql.x86_64 1.8.22-1.el6 epel
zabbix-web-mysql.noarch 1.8.22-1.el6 epel
zabbix20-proxy-mysql.x86_64 2.0.20-1.el6 epel
zabbix20-server-mysql.x86_64 2.0.20-1.el6 epel
zabbix20-web-mysql.noarch 2.0.20-1.el6 epel
zabbix22-dbfiles-mysql.noarch 2.2.16-1.el6 epel
zabbix22-proxy-mysql.x86_64 2.2.16-1.el6 epel
zabbix22-server-mysql.x86_64 2.2.16-1.el6 epel
zabbix22-web-mysql.noarch 2.2.16-1.el6 epel
只需要安装红色的字体的安装包即可，其他都是依赖库【包括mysql-client 客户端】
安装完成后，重启mysql
命令：
service mysqld restart 或者 /etc/init.d/mysqld start
有提示OK的字样说明安装成功：
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
如果你没有将原来的版本删除而直接更新，可能会提示Failed的提示，此时，只有一个方法：看日志，默认的日志路径：/var/log/mysqld.log
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [ERROR] InnoDB: auto-extending data file ./ibdata1 is of a different size 640 pages (rounded down to MB) than specified in the .cnf file: initial 768 pages, max 0 (relevant if non-zero) pages!
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [ERROR] InnoDB: Could not open or create the system tablespace. If you tried to add new data files to the system tablespace, and it failed here, you should now edit innodb_data_file_path in my.cnf back to what it was, and remove the new ibdata files InnoDB created in this failed attempt. InnoDB only wrote those files full of zeros, but did not yet use them in any way. But be careful: do not remove old data files which contain your precious data!
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error.
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [ERROR] Unknown/unsupported storage engine: InnoDB
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [ERROR] Aborting
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Binlog end
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'partition'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'BLACKHOLE'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_COLS'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FIELDS'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_INDEXES'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLES'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_CONFIG'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_DELETED'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_METRICS'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMPMEM'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_RESET'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_LOCK_WAITS'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_LOCKS'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_TRX'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'ARCHIVE'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MRG_MYISAM'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MEMORY'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MyISAM'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'CSV'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_old_password'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_password'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'binlog'
2017-03-17 16:27:44 8783 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete
注意红色字体的提示部分：
解决方案：
http://sharadchhetri.com/2014/11/29/upgrading-mysql-5-1-5-6-service-failed-start/
在配置文件中[mysqldd]模块中添加：
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
问题原因：我推测可能是我没有卸载原来默认的mysql 5.1版本所导致的。
至此，mysql的升级完成
【注意：在进行mysql升级之前，要做很多工作，升级完成或者升级失败，可能由于版本的原因，导致mysql一些原因，导致失败，所以，数据备份很重要的，很重要的。】
mysql的版本信息如下：
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
Mysql5.6 社区版，至此安装成功