Docker 专业术语介绍
优点：轻量级、可伸缩（灵活性）、可靠性、可移植
Container image A package with all of the dependencies and information needed to create a container. An image includes all of the dependencies (such as frameworks) plus deployment and configuration to be used by a container runtime. Usually, an image derives from multiple base images that are layers stacked one atop the other to form the container’s file system. An image is immutable after it has been created.
镜像：包含了创建Container的所有依赖，通常会依赖多个基本的镜像，镜像一般创建后就不再修改
• Container An instance of a Docker image. A container represents a runtime for a single application, process, or service. It consists of the contents of a Docker image, a runtime environment, and a standard set of instructions. When scaling a service, you create multiple instances of a container from the same image. Or, a batch job can create multiple containers from the same image, passing different parameters to each instance.
容器：Docker镜像的实例，一个Container 就是一个单独的应用服务，这些内容就组成了Docker 镜像
Docker Image 包含多个Container(通过对相同Container Image可以进行伸缩管理 ) 包含多个 Container Image
• Tag A mark or label that you can apply to images so that different images or versions of the same image (depending on the version number or the destination environment) can be identified.
标签：识别相同镜像的标记
• Dockerfile A text file that contains instructions for how to build a Docker image.
生成Docker镜像的说明
• Build The action of building a container image based on the information and context provided by its Dockerfile as well as additional files in the folder where the image is built. You can build images by using the Docker docker build command.
执行生成镜像
·Repository (aka repo) A collection of related Docker images labeled with a tag that indicates the image version. Some repositories contain multiple variants of a specific image, such as an image containing SDKs (heavier), an image containing only runtimes (lighter), and so on. Those variants can be marked with tags. A single repository can contain platform variants, such as a Linux image and a Windows image.
仓库：特定版本的Docker镜像
• Registry A service that provides access to repositories. The default registry for most public images is Docker Hub (owned by Docker as an organization). A registry usually contains repositories from multiple teams. Companies often have private registries to store and manage images that they’ve created. Azure Container Registry is another example.
版本：由一些大公司维护的公共的Docker Hub
• Docker Hub A public registry to upload images and work with them. Docker Hub provides Docker image hosting, public or private registries, build triggers and web hooks, and integration with GitHub and Bitbucket.
Docker 中心：由Registry 上传镜像的平台
• Azure Container Registry A public resource for working with Docker images and its components in Azure. This provides a registry that is close to your deployments in Azure and that gives you control over access, making it possible to use your Azure Active Directory groups and permissions.
一种Docker Registry(版本)
• Docker Trusted Registry (DTR) A Docker registry service (from Docker) that you can install onpremises so that it resides within the organization’s datacenter and network. It is convenient for private images that should be managed within the enterprise. Docker Trusted Registry is included as part of the Docker Datacenter product. For more information, go to https://docs.docker.com/ docker-trusted-registry/overview/.
Docker 信任的版本中心
• Docker Community Edition (CE) Development tools for Windows and macOS for building, running, and testing containers locally. Docker CE for Windows provides development environments for both Linux and Windows Containers. The Linux Docker host on Windows is based on a Hyper-V VM. The host for Windows Containers is directly based on Windows. Docker CE for Mac is based on the Apple Hypervisor framework and the xhyve hypervisor, which provides a Linux Docker host VM on Mac OS X. Docker CE for Windows and for Mac replaces Docker Toolbox, which was based on Oracle VirtualBox. • Docker Enterprise Edition (EE) An enterprise-scale version of Docker tools for Linux and Windows development.
Docker 社区版本
• Docker Enterprise Edition (EE) An enterprise-scale version of Docker tools for Linux and Windows development.
Docker 企业版本
• Compose A command-line tool and YAML file format with metadata for defining and running multicontainer applications. You define a single application based on multiple images with one or more .yml files that can override values depending on the environment. After you have created the definitions, you can deploy the entire multicontainer application by using a single command (docker-compose up) that creates a container per image on the Docker host.
组件：命令行工具和YAML 文件，.yml文件可以重载环境依赖的值，可以批处理Docker镜像
• Cluster A collection of Docker hosts exposed as if they were a single virtual Docker host so that the application can scale to multiple instances of the services spread across multiple hosts within the cluster. You can create Docker clusters by using Docker Swarm, Mesosphere DC/OS, Kubernetes, and Azure Service Fabric. (If you use Docker Swarm for managing a cluster, you typically refer to the cluster as a swarm instead of a cluster.)
集群：Docker的集群服务器
• Orchestrator A tool that simplifies management of clusters and Docker hosts. Using orchestrators, you can manage their images, containers, and hosts through a CLI or a graphical user interface. You can manage container networking, configurations, load balancing, service discovery, high availability, Docker host configuration, and more. An orchestrator is responsible for running, distributing, scaling, and healing workloads across a collection of nodes. Typically, orchestrator products are the same products that provide cluster infrastructure, like Mesosphere DC/OS, Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, and Azure Service Fabric.
管理器：cluster和Docker host 管理器。负责运行、分发、缩放和治疗工作负载节点的集合。