http://www.cnblogs.com/rickiedu/archive/2007/03/15/676021.html
在wpf中应用弱事件模式
对于已经在CSDN 上混了N个裤衩的你来说,以上情景绝非痴人说梦,恰恰相反,这些简直就是理所当然的。说句实在话,偶也一直认为生活就是那么简单美好,直到昨天偶在摆弄WPF的时候居然碰到了一个费解的问题,还是代码来说话吧。
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运行,任意点击按钮A,B,C,D ,弹出来的对话框忠实地报告了你所点击的按钮。按一下按钮“干掉打小报告的”,再挑个按钮点点看。怪事出现了,怎么还有人再打小报告啊???Debug进去,_spy的确给置空了,但是button_Click仍会执行,分明_spy没有被销毁嘛,难道GC跟_spy有一腿?算了,还是别胡思乱想了,老老实实地拜访Gooooooooogle吧。真是不查不知道,一查吓一跳。先译一段MSDN里面的话吧:
侦听事件可能会导致内存泄露。侦听事件的典型做法是把处理方法附加到事件源上,具体写法因编程语言而异。举例而言,在C#中的写法是:source.SomeEvent += new SomeEventHandler(MyEventHandler) 。这种方法产生一个从事件源到侦听者的强引用。一般来说,除非显示去除侦听关系,侦听事件使得侦听者的生命期受到事件源生命期的制约。而在现实情况中,你可能并不想让侦听者的生命期依赖于事件源,而是希望用一些其他的因素(比如它是否属于当前的视觉树)来控制。当事件源的生命期超过侦听者的时候,常规的事件模式就会导致内存泄露:侦听者的存活超过了想要的时间。
乖乖,一直习以为常的写法居然有这么严重的隐患,难道是偶得人品太好所以才一直没有出大问题?喝口水,继续看MSDN:
一般而言,负责开发控件的程序员。。。。。。
怪不得偶一直没有出大问题,原来起作用的不是偶的人品,而是因为偶没有写过几个自定义控件:)
MSDN写的一如既往地晦涩拗口,翻来覆去看了几个来回才懂了个大概,下面来理理思路:
假设有一个类DemoClass公开了DemoEvent事件,ListenerClass的实例listener希望侦听了前者的实例demo的DemoEvent事件。如果是通过 += 的方式来侦听,那么在demo被销毁之前,listener无法被销毁。拿前面的代码来举例吧,_spy侦听了button的Click事件,虽然在_btnKillSpy_Click里面貌似干掉了_spy,但是你点击按钮A,B,C,D,仍然会有人打小报告。到底为啥呢?因为在.net对委托和事件的实现中,当listener侦听了demo的某个事件时,就隐式创建了一个对listener的强引用,任凭你怎么折腾GC,实际的listener对象在demo销毁之前是不会被销毁回收的。至于什么是强引用,偶就这里就不解释了,不明白的看这里。可想而知,当listener侦听了多个其他对象的事件时,情况就变得更加糟糕。网上有关于如何在.net 2.0中解决该问题的blog,也有人说实际上该问题究其本质还是程序员的写法有问题,对clr的理解不够…… 偶才疏学浅,就不参与争论了,这里单单说说在.net 3.0中如何解决这个问题。
可以看到,问题的症结其实就在于那个隐式创建的对侦听者的强引用,很容易想到的一个解决方法就是化强为弱,因为弱引用不会阻止GC的回收行为。WPF中就是以这个思想为指导引入了一个所谓的弱事件模式。具体而言,WPF提供了一个接口和一个类来实现该模式,分别为 IWeakEventListener和WeakEventManager。
IWeakEventListener接口定义了希望以弱事件模式侦听事件的类的公约,而WeakEventManager为封装弱事件管理逻辑提供了基类。对于上文中的例子而言,要应用弱事件模式,则SPY类应实现IWeakEventListener,另外为按钮的Click事件添加一个继承于WeakEventManager的管理类。
IWeakEventListener接口仅包含一个方法:
bool IWeakEventListener.ReceiveWeakEvent(Type managerType, object sender, EventArgs e);
侦听者在该方法中依据传入的managerType来识别事件的类型,并分发给相应的处理方法。
WeakEventManager包含的东西相对较多一些,这里就不一一赘述,大家看代码里面的注释吧。
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