需求：设备有6个千电口，2个万兆光口。 需要按类型和接口顺序排列后为它们分配网卡名称（请注意不是mac顺序，而是busid号）。
例如：
00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-35 --eth0
00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-36 --eth1
00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-37 --eth2
00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-38 --eth3
00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-39 --eth4
00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-3a --eth5
00-10-f3-ff-ff-oo-bb-97 --fb10
00-10-f3-ff-ff-oo-bb-97 --fb11
linux版本：centos6.2 32位
起初我是想通过python3的 psutil 模块 可以获得mac地址，然后将mac地址转换成十进制进行排序后对 /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules 文件修改来实现。也考虑过mac地址不能代表io顺序的问题，最后发现linux命令lspci可以获取对应关系从而放弃这个思路。
#-*-coding:utf8-*-
macs=[]
interface={}
from psutil import net_if_addrs
for k, v in net_if_addrs().items():
for item in v:
address = item[1]
if ":" in address and len(address) == 17:
idkey = address.replace(':', '')
interface.update({address:(int(address.replace(':', ''), 16))})
elif "-" in address and len(address) == 17:
idkey = address.replace('-', '')
interface.update({address:(int(address.replace('-', ''), 16))})
for k in sorted(interface,key=interface.__getitem__):
print(k,interface[k])
lspci -D -n -v |egrep "0200|Device Serial Number"
这里是两个过滤条件，0200代表网卡，包含Device Serial Number行会显示mac地址 。
我的想法是通过busid顺序修改 “/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules”文件的命名顺序
[root@new-b3 ~]# lspci -D -n -v |egrep "0200|Number"
0000:02:00.0 0200: 8086:150c
Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-35
0000:03:00.0 0200: 8086:150c
Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-36
0000:04:00.0 0200: 8086:150c
Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-37
0000:05:00.0 0200: 8086:150c
Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-38
0000:06:00.0 0200: 8086:150c
Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-39
0000:07:00.0 0200: 8086:150c
Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-10-f3-ff-ff-xx-a1-3a
0000:09:00.0 0200: 8086:10fb (rev 01)
Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-10-f3-ff-ff-oo-bb-97
0000:09:00.1 0200: 8086:10fb (rev 01)
Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-10-f3-ff-ff-oo-bb-97
python通过 lspci命令 提取busid 和macimport subprocess
id = []
mac = []
x = 'lspci -D -n -v | egrep "0200|Serial"'
p = subprocess.Popen(x, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
out, err = p.communicate()
for i in out.splitlines():
if " " in i:
v1 = i.replace(''' Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number ''', '')
v2 = v1.replace("-ff-ff","") # 发现lspci提出来的mac地址多了两位 -ff-ff （00-10-f3-ff-ff-oo-bb-97）
mac.append(v2.replace("-", ":"))
elif "0200:" in i:
v1 = i[5:12]
v2 = int(v1.split(":")[0]) + int(v1.split(".")[-1])
id.append(v2)
print(zip(id, mac))
执行后得到如下结果：
[(2, '00:10:f3:xx:a1:c9'), (3, '00:10:f3:xx:a1:ca'), (4, '00:10:f3:xx:a1:cb'), (5, '00:10:f3:xx:a1:cc'), (6, '00:10:f3:xx:a1:cd'), (7, '00:10:f3:xx:a1:ce'), (9, '00:10:f3:oo:bb:c3'), (10, '00:10:f3:oo:bb:c3')]
import subprocess
id = []
mac = []
x = 'lspci -D -n -v | egrep "0200|Serial"'
p = subprocess.Popen(x, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
out, err = p.communicate()
for i in out.splitlines():
if " " in i:
v1 = i.replace(''' Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number ''', '')
v2 = v1.replace("-ff-ff","")
mac.append(v2.replace("-", ":"))
elif "0200:" in i:
v1 = i[5:12]
v2 = int(v1.split(":")[0]) + int(v1.split(".")[-1])
id.append(v2)
mac_dic = dict(zip(id, mac))
mac_key = sorted(mac_dic)
for k in mac_key:
print(mac_dic[k] )
00:10:f3:xx:a1:35
00:10:f3:xx:a1:36
00:10:f3:xx:a1:37
00:10:f3:xx:a1:38
00:10:f3:xx:a1:39
00:10:f3:xx:a1:3a
00:10:f3:oo:b1:97
00:10:f3:oo:b1:97
这块万兆光口为什么两个口mac地址是相同的？
通过观察这个重复的mac地址最后一位加一就可以了（目前发现的规律是这样）
今天还发现了有个有趣的事情，python在linux下使用 os模块的 system向系统执行命令无法使用 export 添加变量
例如在python shell下 import os模块，然后os.system('export AAA="hello!“')。
执行后在系统的bash下 echo $AAA，会发现没有生效的。
原本想使用 /lib/udev/write_net_rules系统脚本添加的，发现变量不能生效就放弃了。
这些是 export 系统变量的参数，比如 添加个注释、指定网卡名称、指定对应mac地址，执行 /lib/udev/write_net_rules 后就会在 /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules 文件中添加一条规则。
# MATCHADDR MAC address used for the match
# MATCHID bus_id used for the match
# MATCHDEVID dev_id used for the match
# MATCHDRV driver name used for the match
# MATCHIFTYPE interface type match
# COMMENT comment to add to the generated rule
# INTERFACE_NAME requested name supplied by external tool
# INTERFACE_NEW new interface name returned by rule writer
#!/usr/bin/python
#-*-coding:utf8-*-
import subprocess
import os
macs = []
eth_names = []
def lspci_mac():
x = 'lspci -D -n -v | egrep "0200|Serial"'
p = subprocess.Popen(x, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
out, err = p.communicate()
for line in out.splitlines():
if " " in line:
value = line.replace("-",":")[51-9:].replace(":ff:ff","")
if value in macs:
up = str(hex(int(value[-2:],16)+1)[-2:])
fib = value.replace(value[-2:], str(up))
macs.append(fib)
else:
macs.append(value)
elif "0200:" in line:
pass
def eth_name():
for id in range(len(macs)):
name = ("eth"+str(id))
if id <6:
eth_names.append(name)
elif name =="eth6":
eth_names.append("eth10")
elif name == "eth7":
eth_names.append("eth11")
def out_file():
path = "/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules"
os.system("rm -rf %s"%(path))
for conf_line in range(len(macs)):
mac_add = macs[conf_line]
ethnum = eth_names[conf_line]
cfg = '''SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="%s", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="%s"
''' %(mac_add, ethnum)
f = open(path, 'aw')
f.write(cfg)
f.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
lspci_mac()
eth_name()
out_file()