ansible批量管理服务 下

1 ansible-playbook 任务剧本

1.1 剧本文件概念

(1)playbook可以将多个批量操作模块功能整合,完成一件事情。
(2)简化运维工作复杂度
(3)playbook通过yaml语法识别描述的状态文件,扩展名是yaml

1.2 剧本文件组成部分

(1)剧本的角色(hosts)定义的是主机信息
(2)剧本的任务(tasks)定义的是具体任务信息
(3)一个剧本文件有多个hosts组成,一个hosts可以包含多个tasks任务

1.3 剧本文件优势特点

(1)实现自动化功能更加全面
(2)可以更好的控制逻辑关系
(3)剧本展现命令语法更直观
(4)拥有持久反复执行的特性

1.4 剧本文件编写规范

(1)缩进特点:  两个空格表示一个缩进关系
(2)冒号用法:  冒号后面需要有空格  冒号结尾不需要有空格
主机信息: 172.16.1.41   --- key: value (键值写法)
(3)列表用法:  利用短横线加空格构建列表清单

1.5 剧本执行使用方法

(1)检查剧本语法:ansible-playbook --syntax-check test.yaml
(2)剧本模拟执行:ansible-playbook -C test.yaml
(3)剧本真实运行:ansible-playbook  test.yaml

1.6 剧本编写扩展功能

(1)剧本变量编写功能
(2)剧本信息通知功能
(3)剧本信息判断功能
(4)剧本信息循环功能
(5)剧本编写忽略错误
(6)剧本标签设置功能
(7)剧本忽略采集功能
(8)剧本信息触发功能

1.6.1 剧本变量编写功能

设置变量方法一: 在剧本执行命令参数中设置变量,命令行最优先

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#ansible-playbook -e dir=/etc -e file=rsyncd.conf test_变量编写.yaml

设置变量方法二: 在剧本中设置变量,剧本变量其次优先

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim test_变量编写.yaml 
- hosts: 172.16.1.41
  vars:
    dir: /etc
    file: rsyncd.conf
  tasks:
   - name: copy file 
     copy: src={{ dir }}/{{ file }} dest={{ dir }}/
# {{}}调用变量

设置变量方法二: 在主机清单中设置变量,主机清单变量最不优先

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[sersync_server]
172.16.1.31
[sersync_client]
172.16.1.41
[sersync_server:vars]
dir=/etc
file=rsyncd.conf
# 直接给主机组设置变量,这样主机组内的所有主机都可以调用变量了

1.6.2 剧本信息通知功能

编辑剧本

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim test_通知功能.yaml
- hosts: 172.16.1.41
  tasks:
    - name: boot server
      service: name=rsyncd state=started
    - name: check server boot
      shell: netstat -lntup|grep 873
      register: oldboy
    - debug: msg={{ oldboy.stdout_lines }}
# 将shell中命令执行结果通过register注册给oldboy,oldboy相当于一个变量,{{}}调取oldboy
# debug类似echo,输出信息
# stdout_lines 将输出的信息变得有格式

运行剧本

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#ansible-playbook test_通知功能.yaml 

PLAY [172.16.1.41] ***********************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *******************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]

TASK [boot server] ***********************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]

TASK [check server boot] *****************************************************************************
changed: [172.16.1.41]

TASK [debug] *****************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41] => {
    "msg": [
        "tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:873             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3708/rsync          ", 
        "tcp6       0      0 :::873                  :::*                    LISTEN      3708/rsync          "
    ]
}

PLAY RECAP *******************************************************************************************
172.16.1.41                : ok=4    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0  

1.6.3 剧本信息判断功能

nfs服务客户端三台主机
centos7  10.0.0.7、centos6  10.0.0.8、centos7  10.0.0.9
此时在批量启动的时候需要进行判断,因为centos6,centos7启动命令不一样
判断的格式

- hosts: nfs_client
tasks:
- name: boot centos7 nfs
shell: systemctl start nfs 
判断: 如果是centos7 ???
- name: boot centos6 nfs 
shell: /etc/init.d/nfs start	
判断: 如果是centos6 ???

setup模块:收集远程主机信息
语法:

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#ansible 172.16.1.41 -m setup -a "filter=ansible_hostname"
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_hostname": "backup", 
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false
}

# filter 过滤 筛选

实现收集子信息的方法

问题: 获取主机信息,以及子信息
方法一:
- hosts: rsync
  tasks:
    - name: touch file
      file: path=/etc/oldboy01.txt state=touch
      when: (ansible_eth1.ipv4.address == "172.16.1.41")
方法二:
- hosts: rsync
  tasks:
    - name: touch file
      file: path=/etc/oldboy01.txt state=touch
      when: (ansible_eth1["ipv4"]["address"] == "172.16.1.41")

setup模块常用来收集的信息
image.png
根据 ip 地址进行判断创建目录

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim test_判断功能.yaml
- hosts: nfs_client
  tasks:
    - name: create file for 41 host
      file: path=/tmp/172.16.1.41 state=directory
      when: (ansible_hostname == "backup")
    - name: create file for 7 host
      file: path=/tmp/172.16.1.7  state=directory
      when: (ansible_hostname == "web01")

运行剧本

root@m01 ansible_playbook]#ansible-playbook -C test_判断功能.yaml 

PLAY [nfs_client] ************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *******************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]
ok: [172.16.1.7]

TASK [create file for 41 host] ***********************************************************************
skipping: [172.16.1.7]
changed: [172.16.1.41]

TASK [create file for 7 host] ************************************************************************
skipping: [172.16.1.41]
changed: [172.16.1.7]

PLAY RECAP *******************************************************************************************
172.16.1.41                : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0   
172.16.1.7                 : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0   

1.6.4 剧本信息循环功能

循环创建多个用户

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim test_循环功能.yaml
- hosts: 172.16.1.41
  tasks:
    - name: create user
      user: name={{ item }}
      with_items:
        - oldgirl01
        - oldgirl02
        - oldgirl03
        - oldgirl04
        - oldgirl05

循环创建多个用户  多个用户uid数值是不同的

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim test_循环功能.yaml
- hosts: 172.16.1.41
  tasks:
    - name: create user
      user: name={{ item.name }} uid={{ item.uid }}
      with_items:
        - {name: "oldgirl06", uid: "3006"}
        - {name: "oldgirl07", uid: "3007"}
        - {name: "oldgirl08", uid: "3008"}
        - {name: "oldgirl09", uid: "3009"}
        - name: check create user info
          shell: grep oldgirl0 /etc/passwd
          register: user_info
        - debug: msg={{ user_info.stdout_lines }}

1.6.5 剧本编写忽略错误功能

忽略功能主要用来调试剧本

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim test_h忽略功能.yaml
- hosts: 172.16.1.41
  tasks:
    - name: create rsync user
      shell: useradd rsync -M -s /sbin/nologin
      ignore_errors: yes
    - name: create backup dir
      shell: mkdir /backup
      ignore_errors: yes
    - name: boot server
      shell: systemctl start rsyncd
      ignore_errors: yes

在使用shell进行一些操作时,shell产生的结果已经存在时,会导致剧本无法进行下去,因此使用忽略功能可以有效的使剧本进行下去。

1.6.6 剧本标签设置功能

标签功能主要用来调试剧本
tags:标签

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim test_标签功能.yaml
- hosts: 172.16.1.41
  tasks:
    - name: 01:安装软件
      yum: name=rsync state=installed
      ignore_errors: yes
    - name: 02:创建用户
      user: name=rsync create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin
      ignore_errors: yes
      tags: create_user
    - name: 03:创建目录
      file: path=/backup state=directory

运行剧本

ansible-playbook -t create_user test_标签功能.yaml             --- 执行剧本中标签任务
ansible-playbook --skip-tags create_user test_标签功能.yaml    --- 跳过指定标签任务,执行其他任务
ansible-playbook -t create_user,create_dir test_标签功能.yaml  --- 执行多个标签
# -t=tags

1.6.7 剧本忽略采集功能

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim test_忽略采集.yaml
- hosts: 172.16.1.41
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
    - name: 01:安装软件
      yum: name=rsync state=installed
      ignore_errors: yes
    - name: 02:创建用户
      user: name=rsync create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin
      ignore_errors: yes
      tags: create_user
    - name: 03:创建目录
      file: path=/backup state=directory
      tags: create_dir	

当剧本采集大量主机信息时,可能会变得卡,慢,影响剧本后面的操作执行的效率。所以在这个时候,可以忽略采集功能,提高效率,在hosts下面添加 gather_facts: no
如果剧本中有判断功能,不能使用此参数,因为采集的信息会与判读信息对比

1.6.8 剧本信息触发功能

编写剧本

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim test_触发功能.yaml
- hosts: 172.16.1.41
  tasks:
    - name: 01:传输配置文件
      copy: src=/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/
      notify: rsync_restart
    - name: 02:启动服务程序
      service: name=rsyncd state=started
  handlers:
    - name: rsync_restart
      service: name=rsyncd state=restarted

handlers:一般用于配置文件修改时,才会进行触发功能,对服务进行重启
notify:传输配置文件过来,notify通知rsync_restart这个触发器。然后handlers会进行重启服务
说明: 整体任务执行完毕,才会执行触发功能

1.7 编写剧本练习题

要求:
(1)在172.16.1.41主机上操作:
       ①将定时任务服务停止
       ②创建一个/etc/目录软连接 在/opt目录中生成  
       ③将本地/etc/hosts文件分发给41主机 保存到/tmp目录中
(2)在172.16.1.31主机上操作:
       ①将防火墙服务开机自动运行
       ②将主机上安装keepalived软件
实践:
编写剧本文件

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim test.yaml 
- hosts: 172.16.1.41
  tasks:
    - service: name=crond state=stopped
    - file: src=/etc path=/opt/etc_link state=link
    - copy: src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp
- hosts: 172.16.1.31
  tasks:
    - service: name=firewalld enabled=yes
    - yum: name=keepalived state=installed

剧本语法检查

# 语法检查剧本文件
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#ansible-playbook --syntax-check test.yaml 

playbook: test.yaml

剧本模拟执行

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#ansible-playbook -C test.yaml

PLAY [172.16.1.41] ***********************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *******************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]

TASK [service] ***************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]

TASK [file] ******************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]

TASK [copy] ******************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]

PLAY [172.16.1.31] ***********************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *******************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]

TASK [service] ***************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]

TASK [yum] *******************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]

PLAY RECAP *******************************************************************************************
172.16.1.31                : ok=3    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   
172.16.1.41                : ok=4    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   

剧本真实执行

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#ansible-playbook test.yaml

PLAY [172.16.1.41] ***********************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *******************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]

TASK [service] ***************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]

TASK [file] ******************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]

TASK [copy] ******************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]

PLAY [172.16.1.31] ***********************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *******************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]

TASK [service] ***************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]

TASK [yum] *******************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]

PLAY RECAP *******************************************************************************************
172.16.1.31                : ok=3    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   
172.16.1.41                : ok=4    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   

补充:
如果系统中装有cowsay软件,在执行命令时,会产生图案信息,影响查阅结果,可以关闭。

[root@m01 ansible]#vim ansible.cfg 
# don't like cows?  that's unfortunate.
# set to 1 if you don't want cowsay support or export ANSIBLE_NOCOWS=1
# nocows = 1
把# nocows = 1 中的 # 去掉即可。

1.8 ansible剧本实现rsync一键化部署

第一个历程: 按照模块方式,完成服务每个步骤部署
第一步:服务端配置

# 安装软件程序
ansible rsync -m yum -a "name=rsync state=installed"
# 编写配置文件:要在批量管理主机上提前写好,然后推送给服务端
# 在管理端准备好服务配置文件
ansible rsync_server -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible/conf_file/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/"
# 创建虚拟用户
ansible rsync_server -m user -a "name=rsync create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin"
# 创建密码文件 (授权600)
ansible rsync_server -m copy -a "content='rsync_backup:oldboy123' dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=600"
# 创建备份目录 (授权 属主 属组)
ansible rsync_server -m file -a "path=/backup state=directory owner=rsync group=rsync"
@ 启动程序服务
ansible rsync_server -m service -a "name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes"

第二步:客户端配置

# 创建密钥文件 (授权600)
ansible rsync_client -m copy -a "content='oldboy123' dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=600"
# 批量测试传输文件
ansible rsync_client -m shell -a "rsync -avz /etc/hosts rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password"

第二个历程: 编写剧本信息

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim rsync_auto.yaml 
- hosts: rsync_server
  tasks:
    - name: 01:install rsync
      yum: name=rsync state=installed
    - name: 02:copy conf file
      copy: src=/etc/ansible/conf_file/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/
    - name: 03:create rsync user
      user: name=rsync create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin
    - name: 04:create password file
      copy: content='rsync_backup:oldboy123' dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=600
    - name: 05:create backup dir
      file: path=/backup state=directory owner=rsync group=rsync
    - name: 06:boot rsync server
      service: name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes

- hosts: rsync_client
  tasks:
    - name: 01:create password file
      copy: content='oldboy123' dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=600

恢复环境剧本

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim rsync_backup.yaml 
- hosts: rsync_server
  tasks:
    - name: 01:delete conf file
      file: path=/etc/rsyncd.conf state=absent
    - name: 02:delete rsync user
      user: name=rsync state=absent 
    - name: 03:delete password file
      file: path=/etc/rsync.password state=absent
    - name: 04:delete backup dir
      file: path=/backup/ state=absent
    - name: 05:boot rsync server
      service: name=rsyncd state=stopped enabled=no

- hosts: rsync_client
  tasks:
    - name: 01:delete password file
      file: path=/etc/rsync.password state=absent

1.9 ansible剧本实现nfs一键化部署

第一个历程: 按照模块方式,完成服务每个步骤部署

服务端配置 
01. 安装部署软件程序: rpcbind nfs-utile
ansible nfs_server -m yum -a "name=rpcbind state=installed"
ansible nfs_server -m yum -a "name=nfs-utile state=installed"
02. 编写配置文件:配置文件要提前写好
# 批量管理主机写好的配置文件推送给服务端/etc/ansible-playbook/nfs.conf 
ansible nfs_server -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/nfs.conf  dest=/etc/exports"
03. 创建共享目录:
ansible nfs_server -m file -a "path=/data/ state=directory owner=nfsnobody group=nfsnobody"
04. 启动程序服务:
ansible nfs_server -m service -a "name=rpcbind state=started enabled=yes"
ansible nfs_server -m service -a "name=nfs state=started enabled=yes"
    
客户端配置:
01. 安装部署软件 
ansible nfs_client -m yum -a "name=nfs-utile state=installed"
02. 挂载共享目录
ansible nfs_client -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data/ path=/mnt fstype=nfs state=mounted"

第二个历程编写剧本:

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim nfs_auto.yaml 
- hosts: nfs_server
  tasks:
    - name: 1:install rpcbind nsf-utils
      yum:
        name:
          - rpcbind
          - nfs-utils
        state: installed
    - name: 2:copy conf file
      copy: src=/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/nfs.conf dest=/etc/exports
    - name: 3:create data dir
      file: path=/data/ state=directory owner=nfsnobody group=nfsnobody
    - name: 4:boot server rcbind
      service: name=rpcbind state=started enabled=yes
    - name: 4:boot server nfs
      service: name=nfs state=restarted enabled=yes
- hosts: nfs_client
  tasks:
    - name: 1:install nfs
      yum: name=nfs-utils state=installed
    - name: 2:mount data dir
      mount: src=172.16.1.31:/data/ path=/mnt fstype=nfs state=mounted

恢复环境剧本

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim nfs_backup.yaml 
- hosts: nfs_server 
  tasks:
    - name: 01:install rpcbind nfs-utils
      yum:
        name:
          - rpcbind
          - nfs-utils
        state: removed
    - name: 02:copy conf file
      shell: echo ""  >/etc/exports
    - name: 03:create data dir
      file: path=/data/ state=absent
- hosts: nfs_client
  tasks:
    - name: 01:install nfs
      yum: name=nfs-utils state=removed
    - name: 02:mount data dir
      mount: src=172.16.1.31:/data/ path=/mnt fstype=nfs state=unmounted

优化剧本:

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim nfs_auto.yaml 
- hosts: nfs_server
  vars:
    conf_file: exports
    data_dir: /data
  tasks:
    - name: 01:install nfs rpcbind
      yum:
        name: ['nfs-utils', 'rpcbind'] 
        state: installed
    - name: 02:copy conf file
      copy: src=/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/nfs.conf  dest=/etc/{{ conf_file }}
      notify: 
        - nfs_restart
    - name: 03:create data dir
      file: path={{ data_dir }} state=directory owner=nfsnobody group=nfsnobody
    - name: 04:boot server rpcbind
      service: name={{ item.name }} state={{ item.state }} enabled={{ item.enabled }}
      with_items:
        - {name: "rpcbind", state: "started", enabled: "yes"}
        - {name: "nfs",     state: "started", enabled: "yes"}
  handlers:
    - name: nfs_restart
      service: name=nfs state=reloaded
- hosts: nfs_client
  vars:
    data_dir: /data
  tasks:
    - name: 01:install nfs
      yum: name=nfs-utils state=installed
    - name: 02:mount data dir
      mount: src=172.16.1.31:{{ data_dir }} path=/mnt fstype=nfs state=mounted
    - name: 03:check mount info
      shell: df -h|grep mnt
      register: mount_info
    - debug: msg={{ mount_info.stdout_lines }}

1.10 ansible剧本实现sersync一键化部署

第一个历程: 按照模块方式,完成服务每个步骤部署

配置hosts主机清单
[server_server]
172.16.1.31
[server_client]
172.16.1.41

#安装rsync
ansible backup_server -m yum -a "name=rsync state=installed"
#在批量管理主机上下载sersync,解压发送给客户端
ansible backup_server -m file -a "src=/usr/local/sersync_installdir_64bit/sersync dest=/usr/local"
#在批量管理主机上写好sersync配置文件,发送给客户端
ansible backup_server -m copy -a "src=/usr/local/sersync_installdir_64bit/sersync/conf/confxml.xml dest=/usr/local/sersync/conf/"
#给sersync加上执行权限
ansible backup_server -m file -a "path=/usr/local/sersync/bin/sersync mode=a+x"
#给sersync创建软链接
ansible backup_server -m file -a "src=/usr/local/sersync/bin/sersync path=/usr/local/sbin/sersync state=link"
#启动sersync 测试实时同步
ansible backup_server -m shell -a "sersync -dro /usr/local/sersync/conf/confxml.xml"

第二个历程,编写剧本

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim sersync_auto.yaml 
- hosts: sersync_server
  tasks:
    - name: 安装rsync
      yum: name=rsync state=installed
    - name: 将sersync传输到客户端
      file: src=/usr/local/sersync_installdir_64bit/sersync/ dest=/usr/local
    - name: 将写好的配置文件传输到客户端
      copy: src=/usr/local/sersync_installdir_64bit/sersync/conf/confxml.xml dest=/usr/local/sersync/conf/
    - name: 加上执行权限
      file: path=/usr/local/sersync/bin/sersync mode=a+x
    - name: 创建软链接
      file: src=/usr/local/sersync/bin/sersync path=/usr/local/sbin/sersync state=link
    - name: 启动sersync 测试实时同步
      shell: sersync -dro /usr/local/sersync/conf/confxml.xml

恢复环境剧本

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#cat sersync_backup.yaml
- hosts: sersync_server
  tasks:
    - name: 卸载rsync	
      yum: name=rsync state=removed
    - name: 删除sersync
      file: path=/usr/local/sersync

2 多个剧本如何进行整合

第一个历程: 确保每个剧本执行成功
第二个历程: 进行剧本整合
方法一:不建议使用

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim zhenghe.yaml  # ---角色里使用
- hosts: all
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
    - include_tasks: nfs_auto.yml
    - include_tasks: rsync_auto.yml
# 不写hosts信息,只写任务信息

方法二:在以后的ansible中可能会取消include功能

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim zhenghe.yaml 
- include:nfs_auto.yml	
- include:rsync_auto.yml

方法三:建议使用这个方法

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]#vim zhenghe.yaml 
- import_playbook: nfs_auto.yaml     
- import_playbook: rsync_auto.yaml 

3 ansible剧本编写方式:角色

(1)规范ansible程序目录结构
(2)汇总剧本中有定义的主机信息

3.1 角色调用流程图

角色.png

3.2 nfs服务角色编写

第一个历程: 创建角色目录结构

cd roles/;mkdir {nfs,rsync,web,sersync} 
cd nfs/{vars,tasks,templates,handlers,files}
# vars:      定义变量信息
# tasks:     定义任务信息
# templates: 定义模板文件(jinja2模板文件)
# handlers:  定义触发器信息
# files:     定义需要分发的文件

第二个历程: 编写文件信息
tasks:  任务信息编写方式一:
nfs服务编写

vim main.yaml
- name: 01:install nfs rpcbind
  yum:
    name: ['nfs-utils', 'rpcbind'] 
    state: installed
- name: 02:copy conf file
  copy: src=/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/nfs.conf  dest=/etc/{{ conf_file }}
  notify: 
    - nfs_restart
- name: 03:create data dir 
  file: path={{ data_dir }} state=directory owner=nfsnobody group=nfsnobody
- name: 04:boot server rpcbind
  service: name={{ item.name }} state={{ item.state }} enabled={{ item.enabled }}
  with_items:
    - {name: "rpcbind", state: "started", enabled: "yes"}
    - {name: "nfs",     state: "started", enabled: "yes"}
- name: 01:install nfs
  yum: name=nfs-utils state=installed
- name: 02:mount data dir
  mount: src=172.16.1.31:{{ data_dir }} path=/mnt fstype=nfs state=mounted
- name: 03:check mount info
  shell: df -h|grep mnt
  register: mount_info
- debug: msg={{ mount_info.stdout_lines }}

tasks:  任务信息编写方式二:
tasks:定义任务信息

cd tasks
vim main.yaml
vim nfs_boot.yaml
vim nfs_conf.yaml
vim nfs_datadir.yaml
vim nfs_install.yaml
vim nfs_mount.yaml
#########################
vim main.yaml
- include_tasks: nfs_install.yaml
- include_tasks: nfs_conf.yaml
- include_tasks: nfs_datadir.yaml
- include_tasks: nfs_boot.yaml
- include_tasks: nfs_mount.yaml

vars:定义变量信息

vim main.yaml
conf_file: exports
data_dir: /data

files:定义需要分发的文件

[root@m01 files]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 42 Jul 29 10:34 nfs.conf

handlers:定义触发器信息

vim main.yaml 
- name: nfs_restart
service: name=nfs state=reloaded
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/basa/p/11300911.html