Ansible

Ansible 自动化配置管理工具

安装配置启动 nginx redhat红帽 ( 收购 ansible -->Ansible自动化运维配置管理专家)

2 Ansible课程大纲

1.什么是ansible? 可以通过一个命令行完成一系列的操作。

2.ansible 优点特点？

3.ansible 基础架构？控制端被控端 inventory ad-hoc playbook 连接协议？

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3.ansible 配置文件优先级？

ANSIBLE_CONFIG 

ansible.cfg                #当前项目目录中 

.ansible.cfg              #当前执行用户的家目录
/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
[root@manager ~]# export ANSIBLE_CONFIG="/tmp/ansible.cfg"

[root@manager ~]# touch /tmp/ansible.cfg

[root@manager ~]# mkdir /project1

[root@manager ~]# cd /project1/

[root@manager project1]# touch ansible.cfg

[root@manager project2]# ansible --version ansible 2.8.5  config file = /project1/ansible.cfg

[root@manager /]# mkdir /project2 

[root@manager /]# cd /project2/ 

[root@manager project2]# touch ansible.cfg

[root@manager project1]# ansible --version ansible 2.8.5  config file = /project2/ansible.cfg

[root@manager tmp]# touch ~/.ansible.cfg

[root@manager tmp]# ansible --version ansible 2.8.5  config file = /root/.ansible.cf

4. .ansible inventory主机清单?

场景一.基于IP地址+密码方式

[webservers]
172.16.1.7 ansible_ssh_user='root' ansible_ssh_pass='1' 

172.16.1.8 ansible_ssh_user='root' ansible_ssh_pass='1'

场景二、基于密钥连接，需要先创建公钥和私钥，并下发公钥至被控端

[root@manager ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.7 

[root@manager ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.8

方式一主机+端口+密钥

[root@manager ~]# cat hosts 

[webservers] 

172.16.1.7 172.16.1.8

场景三、主机组使用方式

[lbservers] #定义lbservers组 

172.16.1.5 

172.16.1.6
[webservers] #定义webserver组 

172.16.1.7

172.16.1.8
[servers:children]  #定义servers组包括两个子组 

[lbservers,webserver]

lbservers webserver

[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers --list-hosts  -i hosts  

hosts (2):    

172.16.1.7   

172.16.1.8

5. Ansible AD-Hoc

ansible ad-hoc ？单条命令

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command                  #执行命令   默认      不支持管道 

shell                    #执行命令             支持管道
yum_reposity    	     #yum仓库配置 

yum                    	#yum安装软件 

get_url             	#和linux的wget一致 

copy                	#拷贝配置文件 

service|systemd   	    #启动服务

user             	    #创建用户

group      		  	#创建组

file              	    #创建目录 创建文件 递归授权 

mount               	#挂载 

cron               		#定时任务 

firewalld           	#防火墙 

selinux            	 	#selinuix

1.command

ansible webservers -a "ps axu|grep nginx" -i hosts  #不支持管道(简单命令)

2.shell

ansible webservers -m shell -a "ps axu|grep nginx" i hosts  #支持管道

3.yum

state:    

present     安装

absent      卸载 

latest      最新 

enablerepo      #指定使用按个仓库

disablerepo     #排除使用哪个仓库
#1.安装最新的httpd服务
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=httpd state=latest disablerepo=webtaticphp" -i hosts

#2.移除httpd服务
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=httpd state=absent disablerepo=webtaticphp" -i hosts

#3.安装httpd指定从按个仓库安装 
name: install the latest version of Apache from the testing repo
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=httpd state=latest enablerepo=testing" -i hosts

#4.通过URL方式进行安装
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/3.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent-3.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm state=present disablerepo=webtatic-php" -i hosts

name: install nginx rpm from a local file  (软件包 必须在被控端主机)
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=/root/zabbix-agent-4.0.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm  state=present disablerepo=webtatic-php" -i hosts

4.copy

src     #本地路径,可以是相对,可以是绝对

dest    #目标位置 

owner   #属主 

group   #属组 

mode    #权限

 backup  #备份
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m copy -a "src=./file/ansible.oldxu.com.conf dest=/etc/nginx/conf.d/ansible.oldxu.com.conf owner=root group=root mode=644" -i hosts 
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m copy -a "src=./file/ansible.oldxu.com.conf dest=/etc/nginx/conf.d/ansible.oldxu.com.conf owner=root group=root mode=644 backup=yes" -i hosts

5.service|systemd

state    started         #启动   

stopped        			 #停止 

restarted      			 #重启   

reloaded       			 #重载 enabled    

enabled    					 #是否开机自启    yes  #是   no   #否
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m systemd -a "name=nginx state=restarted enabled=yes" -i hosts

6.file

#创建 /code/ansible
path   #路径 

state   

touch           #创建文件 

directory       #创建目录

owner               #属主

group               #属组 

mode                #权限
#准备站点  

[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m file -a "path=/code/ansible state=directory mode=755 owner=www group=www" -i hosts

#准备站点代码
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m copy -a "src=./file/index.html dest=/code/ansible/index.html owner=www group=www mode=644" -i hosts

7.user group

#group   整数int   小数 flot  dasdsa str    真|假   bool 
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m group -a  "name=www gid=666 state=present" -i hosts 

#user 
name            #名称 

uid             #uid 

group           #组名或gid 

create_home     #是否创建家目录 

system          #是否作为系统组 

shell           #指定登录shell 

state    

 	present   

	 absent

remove

groups

append 

password

程序使用    www    666 666 /sbin/nologin    /home  -->无 
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m user -a "name=www uid=666 group=666 create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin state=present" -i host

# 正常用户    oldxu  1000 1000 /bin/bash /home/oldxu
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m user -a "name=oldxu" -i hosts

# 移除oldxu用户,并删除家目录所有内容.
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m user -a "name=oldxu state=absent remove=yes" -i hosts
# 创建 other用户.有两个附加组root bin,创建家目录,指定登录 shell,设定密码123
#生成一个密码
ansible all -i localhost, -m debug -a "msg={{ '123' | password_hash('sha512','mysecretsalt') }}" 
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m user -a 'name=other groups='root,bin' create_home=yes shell=/bin/bash password="$6$mysecretsalt$gIIYs0Xgc7sSQkH.zKaz8/Afa MomYzR1QZYtccwmJcUt8VpLq4D055UCCX4MlwgePOP80ZRwhppv BF72RIAVi/"' -i hosts

8.mount

#提前准备好nfs服务端 

[root@web01 ~]# showmount -e 172.16.1.31 
Export list for 172.16.1.31: 
/data/zrlog 	172.16.1.0/24 
/data/zh   	    172.16.1.0/24
/data/edu 	  	172.16.1.0/24
/data/blog  	172.16.1.0/24

#用管理端操作被控端,让被控端挂载nfs存储数据 
present     #写入/etc/fstab absent     
absent  	#卸载/etc/fstab
mounted     #临时挂载 
unmounted   #卸载当前挂载

#挂载过程中,如果目录不存在,则会创建该目录
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data/zrlog path=/test_zrlog fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted" -i hosts
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data/zrlog path=/test_zrlog fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=unmounted" -i hosts

9.cron

minute      #分

hour        #时

day         #日

month       #月 

week        #周

job         #

[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m cron -a 'name=test_job minute=00 hour=02 job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/client_to_data_server.sh &>/dev/null"' -i hosts

[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m cron -a 'name=test  job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null"' -i hosts

[root@manager project1]#  ansible webservers -m cron -a 'name=test  job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null" state=absent' -i hosts

10.firewalld

[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m systemd -a "name=firewalld state=started" -i hosts
#针对服务

[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m firewalld -a "service=http state=enabled" -i hosts
#针对端口

[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m firewalld -a "port=9999/tcp state=enabled" -i hosts
#针对source来源
#针对rule

11.selinux

[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m selinux -a "state=disabled" -i hosts

12.get_url
13.yum_repositry
1.安装http服务
2.编写简单网页测试内容
3.启动服务并加入开机自启
4.放行对应的端口