CentOS 7 最小化安装及优化

CentOS 7 最小化安装及优化

一、下载镜像文件

官方网站

新版本下载链接:https://wiki.centos.org/Download

旧版本下载链接:http://vault.centos.org/

CentO S7.6 :http://vault.centos.org/7.6.1810/isos/x86_64/

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国内镜像源

阿里云镜像:https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror

网易镜像:http://mirrors.163.com/

搜狐镜像:http://mirrors.sohu.com/

科技大学:http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/

清华大学:https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/

一、VMware 配置虚拟网络

配置虚拟网络编辑器

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  1. 选择VMnet8使用NAT模式
  2. 子网IP:10.0.0.0
  3. 子网掩码:255.255.255.0
  4. NAT设置:

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  1. 网关IP:10.0.0.2

  2. 完成后确定两次即可。

二、VMware 新建虚拟机

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  1. 自定义模式

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  1. 硬件兼容性:默认

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  1. 安装来源:稍后安装操作系统

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  1. 客户机操作系统:Linux;版本:CentOS7 64 位

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  1. 虚拟机名称:Linux运维模版机;位置:不要放在C盘

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  1. 处理器:默认

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  1. 内存:2G

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  1. 网络:NAT

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  1. 选择I/O控制器类型:默认

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  1. 虚拟磁盘类型:默认

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  1. 选择磁盘:创建新虚拟磁盘

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  1. 指定磁盘容量:20G 将虚拟磁盘拆分为多个文件

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  1. 指定磁盘文件储存路径:不要放在C盘!

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  1. 完成

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  1. 挂载镜像文件

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三、CentOS 7 最小化安装

  1. 开启虚拟机

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  1. 进入虚拟机界面

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  1. 安装选择

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4. 修改网卡名称为ethX

1、传递内核参数 net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 以 更改 网卡名称为 ethX

  • 出现安装界面时,使用键盘 上下键 移动到第一行,即 Install Centos Linux 7
  • 然后按 tab 键,即可出现 传递 参数界面。
  • 在最后输入:空格 net.ifnames=0 biosdevname-0
  • 修改完成后,回车!

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  1. 选择安装过程中使用的语言

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  1. 配置日期时间

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  1. 设置系统语言

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  1. 软件选择

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10. 安装磁盘选择(分区)

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  • /boot 分区 200M 存放系统内核及引导程序

  • swap 分区 1G 交换分区 把磁盘空间临时充当内存使用

    • 一般设为内存的1-1.5倍,内存大于8G的设为8G
    • 可以在安装系统时进行分配,也可以在系统中进行分配
  • / 其他所有剩余分区 根分区

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  1. KDUPB:不使用

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12. 配置网络和主机名

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  1. 开始安装

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14. 用户配置

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接下来就等待吧!

  1. 完成

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四、优化

  1. 修改yum源
sudo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
  1. 安装常用软件
yum -y install wget make automake cmake gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel pcre pcre-devel zlib-devel 
openssl openssl-devel patch libffi-devel python-devel bzip2-devel ncurses-devel 
sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel 
glibc glibc-devel systemd-devel libevent libevent-devel ntpdate yum-utils lrzsz 
net-tools sysstat htop nc iotop iftop lsof nmap glances nethogs bind-utils nfs-utils 
tcpdump vim mtr traceroute quagga bc tree telnet screen dos2unix mlocate ncompress 
psmisc zip unzip bash-completion bash-completion-extras
  1. yum更新、清理、缓存
yum -y update
yum clean all
yum makecache
  1. 关闭防火墙firewalld,并设置为开机不启动
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
  1. 关闭网络管理NetworkManager,避免和network服务冲突,导致网络不通,或者网卡启动不成功等
systemctl stop NetworkManager
systemctl disable NetworkManager
  1. 关闭selinux,修改配置文件
[root@openstack network-scripts]# cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux
 
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
  1. 配置内核参数优化
[root@openstack network-scripts]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# Controls source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
 
# Do not accept source routing
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
 
# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 0
 
# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
 
# Controls the use of TCP syncookies
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
 
# Disable netfilter on bridges.
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0
 
# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
 
# Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
kernel.msgmax = 65536
 
# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
 
# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
kernel.shmall = 4294967296

# TCP kernel paramater
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 786432 1048576 1572864
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096        87380   4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096        16384   4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
 
# socket buffer
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.core.somaxconn = 20480
net.core.optmem_max = 81920
 
# TCP conn
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_retries1 = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 15
 
# tcp conn reuse
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 20000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1 #?
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
 
# keepalive conn
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 10001    65000
 
# swap
vm.overcommit_memory = 0
vm.swappiness = 10
 
#net.ipv4.conf.eth1.rp_filter = 0
#net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
#net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
#net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
#net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
  1. 配置资源控制,每个用户可以同时打开的最大文件数nofile、最大进程数nproc ... ....
[root@openstack network-scripts]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf
... ...
*                soft    core          unlimited
*                hard    core          unlimited
*                soft    nproc         1000000
*                hard    nproc         1000000
*                soft    nofile        100000
*                hard    nofile        100000
*                soft    memlock       32000
*                hard    memlock       32000
*                soft    msgqueue      8192000
*                hard    msgqueue      8192000
  1. poweroff关机,保存快照,此时centos7整个系统安装配置完成,可以使用了。
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/backups/p/centos7_minimize_install.html