asp.net core 2.0 web api基于JWT自定义策略授权

JWT(json web token)是一种基于json的身份验证机制，流程如下：

通过登录，来获取Token，再在之后每次请求的Header中追加Authorization为Token的凭据，服务端验证通过即可能获取想要访问的资源。关于JWT的技术，可参考网络上文章，这里不作详细说明，

这篇博文，主要说明在asp.net core 2.0中，基于jwt的web api的权限设置，即在asp.net core中怎么用JWT，再次就是不同用户或角色因为权限问题，即使援用Token，也不能访问不该访问的资源。

基本思路是我们自定义一个策略，来验证用户，和验证用户授权，PermissionRequirement是验证传输授权的参数。在Startup的ConfigureServices注入验证（Authentication），授权（Authorization），和JWT(JwtBearer)

自定义策略：

已封闭成AuthorizeRolicy.JWT nuget包，并发布到nuget上：

https://www.nuget.org/packages/AuthorizePolicy.JWT/

源码如下：

JwtToken.cs

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取基于JWT的Token
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="username"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static dynamic BuildJwtToken(Claim[] claims, PermissionRequirement permissionRequirement)
        {
            var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
            var jwt = new JwtSecurityToken(
                issuer: permissionRequirement.Issuer,
                audience: permissionRequirement.Audience,
                claims: claims,
                notBefore: now,
                expires: now.Add(permissionRequirement.Expiration),
                signingCredentials: permissionRequirement.SigningCredentials
            );
            var encodedJwt = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(jwt);
            var response = new
            {
                Status = true,
                access_token = encodedJwt,
                expires_in = permissionRequirement.Expiration.TotalMilliseconds,
                token_type = "Bearer"
            };
            return response;
        }

Permission.cs

    /// <summary>
    /// 用户或角色或其他凭据实体
    /// </summary>
    public class Permission
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 用户或角色或其他凭据名称
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string Name
        { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 请求Url
        /// </summary>
        public virtual string Url
        { get; set; }
    }

　　PermissionRequirement.cs

 1 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 2 using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
 3 using System;
 4 using System.Collections.Generic;
 5 
 6 namespace AuthorizePolicy.JWT
 7 {
 8     /// <summary>
 9     /// 必要参数类
10     /// </summary>
11     public class PermissionRequirement : IAuthorizationRequirement
12     {
13         /// <summary>
14         /// 用户权限集合
15         /// </summary>
16         public List<Permission> Permissions { get; private set; }
17         /// <summary>
18         /// 无权限action
19         /// </summary>
20         public string DeniedAction { get; set; }
21 
22         /// <summary>
23         /// 认证授权类型
24         /// </summary>
25         public string ClaimType { internal get; set; }
26         /// <summary>
27         /// 请求路径
28         /// </summary>
29         public string LoginPath { get; set; } = "/Api/Login";
30         /// <summary>
31         /// 发行人
32         /// </summary>
33         public string Issuer { get; set; }
34         /// <summary>
35         /// 订阅人
36         /// </summary>
37         public string Audience { get; set; }
38         /// <summary>
39         /// 过期时间
40         /// </summary>
41         public TimeSpan Expiration { get; set; }
42         /// <summary>
43         /// 签名验证
44         /// </summary>
45         public SigningCredentials SigningCredentials { get; set; }
46 
47         /// <summary>
48         /// 构造
49         /// </summary>
50         /// <param name="deniedAction">无权限action</param>
51         /// <param name="userPermissions">用户权限集合</param>
52 
53         /// <summary>
54         /// 构造
55         /// </summary>
56         /// <param name="deniedAction">拒约请求的url</param>
57         /// <param name="permissions">权限集合</param>
58         /// <param name="claimType">声明类型</param>
59         /// <param name="issuer">发行人</param>
60         /// <param name="audience">订阅人</param>
61         /// <param name="signingCredentials">签名验证实体</param>
62         public PermissionRequirement(string deniedAction, List<Permission> permissions, string claimType, string issuer, string audience, SigningCredentials signingCredentials, TimeSpan expiration)
63         {
64             ClaimType = claimType;
65             DeniedAction = deniedAction;
66             Permissions = permissions;
67             Issuer = issuer;
68             Audience = audience;
69             Expiration = expiration;
70             SigningCredentials = signingCredentials;
71         }
72     }
73 }

　自定义策略类PermissionHandler.cs

/// <summary>
/// 权限授权Handler
/// </summary>
public class PermissionHandler : AuthorizationHandler<PermissionRequirement>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 验证方案提供对象
    /// </summary>
    public IAuthenticationSchemeProvider Schemes { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 自定义策略参数
    /// </summary>
    public PermissionRequirement Requirement
    { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 构造
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="schemes"></param>
    public PermissionHandler(IAuthenticationSchemeProvider schemes)
    {
        Schemes = schemes;
    }

    protected override async Task HandleRequirementAsync(AuthorizationHandlerContext context, PermissionRequirement requirement)
    {
        ////赋值用户权限       
        Requirement = requirement;
        //从AuthorizationHandlerContext转成HttpContext，以便取出表求信息
        var httpContext = (context.Resource as Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Filters.AuthorizationFilterContext).HttpContext;
        //请求Url
        var questUrl = httpContext.Request.Path.Value.ToLower();
        //判断请求是否停止
        var handlers = httpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<IAuthenticationHandlerProvider>();
        foreach (var scheme in await Schemes.GetRequestHandlerSchemesAsync())
        {
            var handler = await handlers.GetHandlerAsync(httpContext, scheme.Name) as IAuthenticationRequestHandler;
            if (handler != null && await handler.HandleRequestAsync())
            {
                context.Fail();
                return;
            }
        }
        //判断请求是否拥有凭据，即有没有登录
        var defaultAuthenticate = await Schemes.GetDefaultAuthenticateSchemeAsync();
        if (defaultAuthenticate != null)
        {
            var result = await httpContext.AuthenticateAsync(defaultAuthenticate.Name);
            //result?.Principal不为空即登录成功
            if (result?.Principal != null)
            {
                httpContext.User = result.Principal;
                //权限中是否存在请求的url
                if (Requirement.Permissions.GroupBy(g => g.Url).Where(w => w.Key.ToLower() == questUrl).Count() > 0)
                {
                    var name = httpContext.User.Claims.SingleOrDefault(s => s.Type == requirement.ClaimType).Value;
                    //验证权限
                    if (Requirement.Permissions.Where(w => w.Name == name && w.Url.ToLower() == questUrl).Count() <= 0)
                    {
                        //无权限跳转到拒绝页面
                        httpContext.Response.Redirect(requirement.DeniedAction);
                    }
                }
                //判断过期时间
                if (DateTime.Parse(httpContext.User.Claims.SingleOrDefault(s => s.Type == ClaimTypes.Expiration).Value) >= DateTime.Now)
                {
                    context.Succeed(requirement);
                }
                else
                {
                    context.Fail();
                }
                return;
            }
        }
        //判断没有登录时，是否访问登录的url,并且是Post请求，并助是form表单提交类型，否则为失败

        if (!questUrl.Equals(Requirement.LoginPath.ToLower(), StringComparison.Ordinal) && (!httpContext.Request.Method.Equals("POST") || !httpContext.Request.HasFormContentType))
        {
            context.Fail();
            return;
        }
        context.Succeed(requirement);
    }
}

新建asp.net core 2.0的web api项目，并在项目添加AuthorizePolicy.JWT如图

先设置配置文件，用户可以定义密匙和发生人，订阅人

"Audience": {

"Secret": "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890",

"Issuer": "gsw",

"Audience": "everone"

}

在ConfigureServices中注入验证（Authentication），授权（Authorization），和JWT(JwtBearer)

Startup.cs

 1         public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
 2         {
 3             var urls = "http://localhost:39287/";
 4             services.AddCors(options =>
 5             options.AddPolicy("MyDomain",
 6         builder => builder.WithOrigins(urls).AllowAnyMethod().AllowAnyHeader().AllowAnyOrigin().AllowCredentials()));
 7 
 8             //读取配置文件
 9             var audienceConfig = Configuration.GetSection("Audience");
10             var symmetricKeyAsBase64 = audienceConfig["Secret"];
11             var keyByteArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(symmetricKeyAsBase64);
12             var signingKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(keyByteArray);
13             var tokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
14             {
15                 ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
16                 IssuerSigningKey = signingKey,
17                 ValidateIssuer = true,
18                 ValidIssuer = audienceConfig["Issuer"],//发行人
19                 ValidateAudience = true,
20                 ValidAudience = audienceConfig["Audience"],//订阅人
21                 ValidateLifetime = true,
22                 ClockSkew = TimeSpan.Zero,
23                 RequireExpirationTime = true,
24 
25             };
26             var signingCredentials = new SigningCredentials(signingKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
27             //这个集合模拟用户权限表,可从数据库中查询出来
28             var permission = new List<Permission> {
29                               new Permission {  Url="/", Name="admin"},
30                               new Permission {  Url="/api/values", Name="admin"},
31                               new Permission {  Url="/", Name="system"},
32                               new Permission {  Url="/api/values1", Name="system"}
33                           };
34             //如果第三个参数，是ClaimTypes.Role，上面集合的每个元素的Name为角色名称，如果ClaimTypes.Name，即上面集合的每个元素的Name为用户名
35             var permissionRequirement = new PermissionRequirement(
36                 "/api/denied", permission,
37                 ClaimTypes.Role,
38                 audienceConfig["Issuer"],
39                 audienceConfig["Audience"],
40                 signingCredentials,
41                 expiration: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)//设置Token过期时间
42                 );
43             services.AddAuthorization(options =>
44             {
45 
46                 options.AddPolicy("Permission",
47                           policy => policy.Requirements.Add(permissionRequirement));
48 
49             }).AddAuthentication(options =>
50             {
51                 options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
52                 options.DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
53             })
54             .AddJwtBearer(o =>
55             {
56                 //不使用https
57                 o.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
58                 o.TokenValidationParameters = tokenValidationParameters;
59                 o.Events = new JwtBearerEvents
60                 {
61                     OnTokenValidated = context =>
62                     {
63                         if (context.Request.Path.Value.ToString() == "/api/logout")
64                         {
65                             var token = ((context as TokenValidatedContext).SecurityToken as JwtSecurityToken).RawData;
66                         }
67                         return Task.CompletedTask;
68                     }
69                 };
70             });
71             //注入授权Handler
72             services.AddSingleton<IAuthorizationHandler, PermissionHandler>();
73             services.AddSingleton(permissionRequirement);
74             services.AddMvc();
75         }

在需要授的Controller上添加授权特性

[Authorize("Permission")]

PermissionController类有两个方法，一个是登录，验证用户名和密码是否正确，如果正确就发放Token，如果失败，验证失败，别一个成功登后的无权限导航action。

 1     [Authorize("Permission")]
 2     [EnableCors("MyDomain")]
 3     public class PermissionController : Controller
 4     {
 5         /// <summary>
 6         /// 自定义策略参数
 7         /// </summary>
 8         PermissionRequirement _requirement;
 9         public PermissionController(PermissionRequirement requirement)
10         {
11             _requirement = requirement;
12         }
13         [AllowAnonymous]
14         [HttpPost("/api/login")]
15         public IActionResult Login(string username, string password, string role)
16         {
17             var isValidated = username == "gsw" && password == "111111";
18             if (!isValidated)
19             {
20                 return new JsonResult(new
21                 {
22                     Status = false,
23                     Message = "认证失败"
24                 });
25             }
26             else
27             {               
28                 //如果是基于用户的授权策略，这里要添加用户;如果是基于角色的授权策略，这里要添加角色
29                 var claims = new Claim[] { new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, username), new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, role), new Claim(ClaimTypes.Expiration ,DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(_requirement.Expiration.TotalSeconds).ToString())};
30                 //用户标识
31                 var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
32                 identity.AddClaims(claims);
33              
34                 var token = JwtToken.BuildJwtToken(claims, _requirement);
35                 return new JsonResult(token);
36             }
37         }
38 
39         [HttpPost("/api/logout")]
40         public  IActionResult Logout()
41         {
42             return Ok();
43         }
44 
45         [AllowAnonymous]
46         [HttpGet("/api/denied")]
47         public IActionResult Denied()
48         {
49             return new JsonResult(new
50             {
51                 Status = false,
52                 Message = "你无权限访问"
53             });
54         }
55     }

下面定义一个控制台（.NetFramewrok）程序，用RestSharp来访问我们定义的web api，其中1为admin角色登录，2为system角色登录，3为错误用户密码登录，4是一个查询功能，在startup.cs中，admin角色是具有查询/api/values的权限的，所以用admin登录是能正常访问的，用system登录，能成功登录，但没有权限访问/api/values，用户名密码错误，访问/aip/values，直接是没有授权的

  class Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 访问Url
        /// </summary>
        static string _url = "http://localhost:39286";
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            dynamic token = null;
            while (true)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("1、登录【admin】 2、登录【system】 3、登录【错误用户名密码】 4、查询数据 ");
                var mark = Console.ReadLine();
                var stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
                stopwatch.Start();
                switch (mark)
                {
                    case "1":
                        token = AdminLogin();
                        break;
                    case "2":
                        token = SystemLogin();
                        break;
                    case "3":
                        token = NullLogin();
                        break;
                    case "4":
                        AdminInvock(token);
                        break;
                }
                stopwatch.Stop();
                TimeSpan timespan = stopwatch.Elapsed;
                Console.WriteLine($"间隔时间：{timespan.TotalSeconds}");
            }
        }
        static dynamic NullLogin()
        {
            var loginClient = new RestClient(_url);
            var loginRequest = new RestRequest("/api/login", Method.POST);
            loginRequest.AddParameter("username", "gswaa");
            loginRequest.AddParameter("password", "111111");
            //或用用户名密码查询对应角色
            loginRequest.AddParameter("role", "system");
            IRestResponse loginResponse = loginClient.Execute(loginRequest);
            var loginContent = loginResponse.Content;
            Console.WriteLine(loginContent);
            return Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(loginContent);
        }
        static dynamic SystemLogin()
        {
            var loginClient = new RestClient(_url);
            var loginRequest = new RestRequest("/api/login", Method.POST);
            loginRequest.AddParameter("username", "gsw");
            loginRequest.AddParameter("password", "111111");
            //或用用户名密码查询对应角色
            loginRequest.AddParameter("role", "system");
            IRestResponse loginResponse = loginClient.Execute(loginRequest);
            var loginContent = loginResponse.Content;
            Console.WriteLine(loginContent);
            return Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(loginContent);
        }
        static dynamic AdminLogin()
        {
            var loginClient = new RestClient(_url);
            var loginRequest = new RestRequest("/api/login", Method.POST);
            loginRequest.AddParameter("username", "gsw");
            loginRequest.AddParameter("password", "111111");
            //或用用户名密码查询对应角色
            loginRequest.AddParameter("role", "admin");
            IRestResponse loginResponse = loginClient.Execute(loginRequest);
            var loginContent = loginResponse.Content;
            Console.WriteLine(loginContent);
            return Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(loginContent);
        }
        static void AdminInvock(dynamic token)
        {
            var client = new RestClient(_url);
            //这里要在获取的令牌字符串前加Bearer
            string tk = "Bearer " + Convert.ToString(token?.access_token);
            client.AddDefaultHeader("Authorization", tk);
            var request = new RestRequest("/api/values", Method.GET);
            IRestResponse response = client.Execute(request);
            var content = response.Content;
            Console.WriteLine($"状态：{response.StatusCode}  返回结果：{content}");
        }
    }

运行结果：

源码：https://github.com/axzxs2001/AuthorizePolicy.JWT