1.查询版本
aptitude show 软件名
例如：aptitude show kde-runtime
显示如下：
****@ubuntu:~$ aptitude show kde-runtime 软件包： kde-runtime 状态: 未安装 版本号： 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu1 优先级： 可选 部分： kde 维护者： Kubuntu Developers <kubuntu-devel@lists.ubuntu.com> 未压缩尺寸： 9,607 k 依赖于: libasound2 (>= 1.0.23), libattica0.3 (>= 0.3.0), libc6 (>= 2.15), libcanberra0 (>= 0.2), libexiv2-11, libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1), libjpeg8 (>= 8c), libkcmutils4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdeclarative5 (>= 4:4.7.0), libkdecore5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdesu5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdeui5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdewebkit5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdnssd4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkemoticons4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkfile4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkhtml5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkidletime4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkio5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkmediaplayer4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libknewstuff3-4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libknotifyconfig4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkparts4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkpty4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libnepomuk4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libnepomukdatamanagement4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libnepomukquery4a (>= 4:4.8.1), libnepomuksync4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libntrack-qt4-1 (>= 005), libopenexr6 (>= 1.6.1), libphonon4 (>= 4:4.7.0really4.5.0), libplasma3 (>= 4:4.8.1), libpulse-mainloop-glib0 (>= 1:0.99.1), libpulse0 (>= 1:0.99.1), libqt4-dbus (>= 4:4.6.1), libqt4-declarative (>= 4:4.7.0~rc1), libqt4-network (>= 4:4.5.3), libqt4-script (>= 4:4.6.1), libqt4-svg (>= 4:4.5.3), libqt4-xml (>= 4:4.5.3), libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.8.0), libqtgui4 (>= 4:4.8.0), libqtwebkit4 (>= 2.2~2011week36), libsmbclient (>= 2:3.2.0), libsolid4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libsoprano4 (>= 2.6.51), libssh-4 (>= 0.3.91), libstdc++6 (>= 4.6), libstreamanalyzer0 (>= 0.7.7), libstreams0 (>= 0.7.7), libx11-6, libxcursor1 (> 1.1.2), phonon, perl, kde-runtime-data (>= 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu1), kdelibs5-plugins (>= 4:4.8.1), oxygen-icon-theme (>= 4:4.6), shared-desktop-ontologies, plasma-scriptengine-javascript (= 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu1) 推荐: udisks, upower, virtuoso-minimal, kubuntu-debug-installer, icoutils, libcanberra-pulse | libcanberra-gstreamer 建议: djvulibre-bin, finger 冲突: kdelibs4-dev 破坏: kdebase-runtime (< 4:4.6.80), kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4, kdebase-runtime-data (< 4:4.4.80), kdebase-workspace-bin (< 4:4.6), kdebluetooth (< 1.0~beta7-1), kdelibs5 (< 4:4.4.80), kdelibs5-plugins (< 4:4.5), nepomukcontroller, plasma-netbook (< 4:4.5.95), plasma-scriptengine-declarative, plasma-scriptengine-javascript (< 4:4.6.80) 代替: kdebase-runtime (< 4:4.6.80), kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4, kdebase-runtime-data (< 4:4.4.80), kdebase-workspace-bin (< 4:4.6), kdebluetooth (< 1.0~beta7-1), kdelibs5 (< 4:4.4.80), kdelibs5-plugins (< 4:4.5), nepomukcontroller, plasma-netbook (< 4:4.5.95), plasma-scriptengine-declarative, plasma-scriptengine-javascript (< 4:4.6.80) 描述： runtime components from the official KDE release KDE is produced by an international technology team that creates free and open source software for desktop and portable computing. Among KDE's products are a modern desktop system for Linux and UNIX platforms, comprehensive office productivity and groupware suites and hundreds of software titles in many categories including Internet and web applications, multimedia, entertainment, educational, graphics and software development. This package contains programs and data needed at runtime by KDE applications. 主页： http://www.kde.org/
2. whereis 软件名