一、系统版本
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core) [root@localhost ~]# getenforce Disabled [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Wed 2020-05-06 19:10:18 CST; 11s ago Docs: man:firewalld(1) Process: 695 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 695 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) May 06 16:27:42 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynami... May 06 16:27:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic... May 06 19:10:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynami... May 06 19:10:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic... Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. [root@localhost ~]#
二、配置更新yum源
[root@localhost ~]#cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
[root@localhost ~]#yum install wget* -y
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls b Centos-7.repo CentOS-Media.repo.bak epel-7.repo [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
三、安装依赖
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel openssl-static ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel lzma gcc [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
四、下载Python3.6.2安装包
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@localhost src]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
五、解压&移动
[root@localhost src]# tar xvf Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
[root@localhost src]# mv Python-3.6.2 /usr/local/python-3.6 [root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/python-3.6/ [root@localhost python-3.6]#
六、编译&&安装
[root@localhost python-3.6]# pwd /usr/local/python-3.6 [root@localhost python-3.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sbin/python-3.6
[root@localhost python-3.6]# make && make install
1.安装完成后，出现这几行说明Python已成功安装完成了：
Collecting pip Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip Successfully installed pip-9.0.1 setuptools-28.8.0 [root@localhost python-3.6]#
2.不过现在的Python3还未配置好环境变量，所以快捷方式启动的Python还是旧的，要想让启动更加便捷，还需要进一步的后续配置
[root@localhost python-3.6]# /usr/local/sbin/python-3.6/bin/python3.6 Python 3.6.2 (default, May 6 2020, 19:58:02) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> exit() [root@localhost python-3.6]# python -V Python 2.7.5 [root@localhost python-3.6]#
七、配置环境变量，绝对路径的修改
1.查看当前的python命令链接指向
[root@localhost python-3.6]# [root@localhost python-3.6]# which python /usr/bin/python [root@localhost python-3.6]# ll /usr/bin/ | grep python lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 5 18:20 python -> python2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 May 5 18:20 python2 -> python2.7 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7216 Aug 7 2019 python2.7 [root@localhost python-3.6]#
2.将python命令通过软链接指向到python3命令
[root@localhost python-3.6]# rm -rf /usr/bin/python [root@localhost python-3.6]# ln -sv /usr/local/sbin/python-3.6/bin/python3 python3 python3.6-config python3.6m-config python3.6 python3.6m python3-config [root@localhost python-3.6]# ln -sv /usr/local/sbin/python-3.6/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python ‘/usr/bin/python’ -> ‘/usr/local/sbin/python-3.6/bin/python3’ [root@localhost python-3.6]# ll /usr/bin/ | grep python lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 May 6 20:12 python -> /usr/local/sbin/python-3.6/bin/python3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 May 5 18:20 python2 -> python2.7 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7216 Aug 7 2019 python2.7 [root@localhost python-3.6]# python -V Python 3.6.2 [root@localhost python-3.6]#
3.修改完python默认版本之后，会存在不能执行yum命令的问题，需要做一些修改，如下：
①将/usr/bin/yum的顶部的： !/usr/bin/python 改成 !/usr/bin/python2.7 ②将/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down的顶部的： /usr/bin/python 改为 /usr/bin/python2.7 ③将/usr/bin/yum-config-manager的顶部的【注：如果找不到此文件可直接跳过这步】 #!/usr/bin/python 改为 #!/usr/bin/python2.7
4.最后将pip指向到python3.6
[root@localhost python-3.6]# ln -s /usr/local/sbin/python-3.6/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip [root@localhost python-3.6]# pip --version pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/sbin/python-3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages (python 3.6) [root@localhost python-3.6]#
完！