CMAKE修改VS总结

REF:  CMAKE修改VS大总结, 12.2

cmake(http://www.cmake.org/)的介绍，可以Google。

接触C++项目的人都知道，现在存在很多组织源代码进行编译的工具，windows平台下的nmake，visual studio（不同版本的sln project文件）以及Eclipse的CDT。cmake所处的位置，更像是这些已有工具的管理工具，它可以根据cmakelists文件来生成相应的makefile，project文件等等。

使用cmake的好处有很多。编写一次配置文件，就可以在不同的开发平台，不同的编译环境下使用。强大的定制功能，弥补很多工具自身的不足。自动化管理依赖，节省开发人员的时间和编译时间。等等。当然也有他的不足。每一个工具都是有自己的局限性。学习曲线比较陡峭。编译过程变的稍微复杂，需要首先生成中间格式的文件，然后才能编译生成最终的文件。学习资料很少很散。

有好处有坏处，需要的就是权衡。在我看来，cmake提供的功能比较诱人，将代码的配置信息与build环境剥离。这样做为程序员提供了很大的灵活性。

下载安装都很简单，直接到cmake的主页上下载安装包，按提示操作。

文件目录结构

在每一层目录下创建一个cmakelists.txt的文件，父目录的cmakelists文件可以指定包含的子目录，子目录的cmakelists则管理该目录下所有的sourcecode。目录可以多层嵌套，组织比较灵活，但是不建议目录层数太深。

Dir  Helloworld                                 The project
|      File  cmakelists.txt                     The project main cmakelists.txt, which should define the whole project’s properties and include sub dir
|      Dir  HelloworldTest                      The app dir, which contains the main function
|      |      File cmakelists.txt               The app cmakelists.txt, which defines all the source files, compiler flags and link flags.
|      |      File main.cpp                     The cpp file
|      Dir  Hellowould                          The library dir
|      |      File cmakelists.txt               The library cmakelists.txt, which should define all source files and build flags
|      |      File helloworld.h                 header file
|      |      File helloworld.cpp               cpp file
 

从上边的目录结构可以看出，每一层目录下边都有一个cmakelists.txt。

文件内容：   

Helloworld/cmakelists.txt

CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED( VERSION 2.8 )

project( Helloworld )

set( CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} /machine:x86" ) 

add_subdirectory( Helloworld )               
add_subdirectory( Helloworldtest )

Helloworld/Helloworld/cmakelists.txt

CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED( VERSION 2.8 )

set( HelloWorldSrc helloworld.cpp helloworld.h )

add_library( Helloworld STATIC ${HelloWorldSrc} )

Helloworld/HelloworldTest/cmakelists.txt

CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED( VERSION 2.8 )
set( HelloWorldTestSrc main.cpp)

include_directories( "${Helloworld_SOURCE_DIR}/Helloworld" )

add_executable( HelloworldTest ${HelloWorldTestSrc} )

target_link_libraries(HelloworldTest Helloworld )
add_dependencies( HelloworldTest Helloworld )

以上是最简单的cmake应用，使用了很基础的cmake命令，这里简单描述一下：

cmake_minimum_required( VERSION 2.8 ) ：表示当前cmakelists文件要求cmake版本最低为2.8

project( Helloworld ) ：整个项目的名字，在我们的项目中，Helloworld。这个在visual studio中对应solution的名字。

set( NAME VAL1 VAL2 ) ：设置变量NAME，值为VAL1;VAL2的列表。CMAKE中列表使用;分隔。如果需要空格分隔的结果，可以用双引号转换。

include_directories()：包含一个目录

add_executable(): 增加一个编译单元，目标文件为可执行文件，在windows上则为exe文件。

add_library()：添加一个编译单元，目标文件为库。

以上命令的详细解释，可以参考cmake的帮助文档。

 

Visual Studio属性与对应cmakelists实现方法

注意：此附录仅为beta版本，有些条目是推导出来的。

Visual Studio     Cmake
Project Reference     add_dependencies()
General/Output Directory      
       
       
Debugging/Working Directory     CMAKE can’t set this value, because the info not stored in project file but some intermedia file generated by visual studio
       
c/c++ General Additional Include Directories include_directories()
    Resolve #using References Don’t know
    Debug Information Format CMAKE FAQ
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG_INIT "/D_DEBUG /MTd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL_INIT "/MT /O1 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE_INIT "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /D NDEBUG")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO_INIT "/MT /Zi /O2 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG")
Change the default flags for specific config.
    Common language runtime support set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/clr”)
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/clr:pure”)
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/clr:safe”)
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/clr:oldSynax”)
    Suppress Startup Banner set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/nologo” )
    Warning Level set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/W0” )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/W1” )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/W2” )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/W3” )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/W4" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Wall” )
    Treat Warnings As Errors set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/WX-" ) #No
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/WX" )  #Yes
    Multi-processor Compilation set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/MP" )  #Yes
#Don’t set means No
    Use Unicode For Assembler Listing set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/FAu" ) #yes
#Don’t set means no
  Optimization Optimization set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG_INIT "/D_DEBUG /MTd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL_INIT "/MT /O1 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE_INIT "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /D NDEBUG")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO_INIT "/MT /Zi /O2 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG")
Change the default flags for specific config.
    Inline Function Expansion set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG_INIT "/D_DEBUG /MTd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL_INIT "/MT /O1 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE_INIT "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /D NDEBUG")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO_INIT "/MT /Zi /O2 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG")
Change the default flags for specific config.
    Enable Intrinsic Functions set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Oi" ) #yes
#Don’t set means no
    Favor Size or Speed set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Os" ) #size
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Ot" ) #speed
#Don’t set means neither
    Omit Frame Pointers set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Oy-" ) #no
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Oy" ) #yes
    Enable Fiber-safe Optimizations set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GT" ) #yes
#not setting means no
    Whole Program Optimization set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GL" ) #yes
#not setting means no
  Preprocessor Preprocessor Definitions set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_DEFINITIONS DEFNAME=DEFVAL )
set_source_files_properties( filename.cpp PROPERTIES COMPILE_DEFINITIONS DEFNAME=DEFVAL )
    Undefine Preprocessor Definitions set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/UDEFNAME" )
    Undefine All Preprocessor Definitions set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/u" )
    Ignore Standard Include Path set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/X" )
    Preprocess to a File set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/P" )
    Preprocess Suppress Line Numbers set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/EP" )
    Keep Comments set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/C" )
  Code Generation Enable String Pooling set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GF" ) #yes
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GF-" ) #no
    Enable Minimum Rebuild set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Gm" ) #yes
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Gm-" )#no
    Enable C++ Exceptions set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/EHsc" ) #yes
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/EHa" ) #yes, with SEH exceptions
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/EHs" ) #yes, with extern C functions
#not setting means no
    Smaller Type Check set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/RTCc" ) #yes
#not setting means no
    Basic Runtime Checks set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/RTCs" ) #Stack frame check
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/RTCu" ) #Uninitialized Variable
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/TRC1" ) #Both
#not setting means no
    Runtime Library CMAKE FAQ
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG_INIT "/D_DEBUG /MTd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL_INIT "/MT /O1 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE_INIT "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /D NDEBUG")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO_INIT "/MT /Zi /O2 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG")
Change the default flags for specific config.
    Struct Member Alignment set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zp1" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zp2" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zp4" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zp8" )set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zp16" )
    Buffer Security Check set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GS" ) #yes
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GS-" ) #no
    Enable Function-Level Linking set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Gy" ) #yes
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Gy-" ) #no
    Enable Enhaunced Instruction Set set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/arch:SSE" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/arch:SSE2" )
    Floating Point Model set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/fp:precise" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/fp:strict" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/fp:fast" )
    Enable Floating Point Exceptions set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/fp:except" )
    Create Hotpatchable Image set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/hotpatch" )
  Language Disable Language Extensions set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Za" )
    Treat Wchar_t As Built in Type set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zc:wchar_t" )#yes
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zc:wchar_t-" ) #no
    Force Conformance in For Loop Scope  
    Enable Run-Time Type Information set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GR" ) #yes
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GR-" ) #no
    Open MP Support set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/openmp" )#yes
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/openmp-" )#no
  PreCompiled Header PreCompiled Header set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Yc" ) #create
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Yu" ) #use
#not setting means no
    PreCompiled Header File set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Ycstdafx.h" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Yustdafx.h" )
    Precompiled Header output File set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FpPathAndName.pch" )
  Output Files Expand Attributed Source set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Fx" )
    Assembler Output set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FA" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FAc" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FAs" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FAcs" )
#not setting means no list
    ASM List Location set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FaDebug" )
    Object File name set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FoName.obj" )
    Program DataBase File Name set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FdC:/Debug/good.pdb" )
    Generate XML Documentation Files set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/doc" )
    XML Documentation Filename set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/docDocument.xml" )
  Browse Information Enable Browse Information set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FR" )
    Browse Information File set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FRfilename" )
  Advanced Calling Convention set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Gd" ) #_cdecl
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Gr" )  #_fastcall
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Gz" ) #_stdcall
    Compile As set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINKER_LANGUAGE "CXX" ) #C++
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINKER_LANGUAGE "C" ) #C
or
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/TP" ) #CXX
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/TC" ) #C
    Disable Specific Warnings set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/wd4710" )
    Forced Include File set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FIinclude.h" )
    Forced #using File set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FUname" )
    Show Includes set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/showIncludes" )
    Use full Paths set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FC" )
    Omit Default Library name set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/ZI" )
    Internal Compiler Error Reporting set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/errorReport:queue" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/errorReport:none" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/errorReport:prompt" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/errorReport:send" )
    Treat Specific Warnings as Errors Don't know
Linker General Output File #normal case
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "Helloworld" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES PREFIX "lib" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES SUFFIX "lib" )

#for debug version
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES DEBUG_OUTPUT_NAME "Helloworld" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES DEBUG_PREFIX "lib" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES DEBUG_SUFFIX "lib" )

#For dlls
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "Helloworld" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES IMPORT_PREFIX "lib" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES IMPORT_SUFFIX "lib" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES PREFIX "bin" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES SUFFIX "dll" )

#output path
    Show Progress set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:Lib" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:ICF" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:REF" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:SAFESEH" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:CLR" )
#not setting means no
    Version set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES VERSION 0.1.2.3)
    Enable Incremental Linking set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/INCREMENTAL" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/INCREMENTAL:NO" )

set( CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG "/INCREMENTAL" )
set( CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG "/INCREMENTAL:NO" )
    Suppress Startup Banner set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/NOLOGO" )
    Ignore Import Library Don't know
    Register Output Don't know
    Per-user Redirection Don't know
    Additional Library Directories link_directories( dir1 dir2 )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/LIBPATH:dir1 /LIBPATH:dir2" )
    Link Library Dependencies Don't know
    Use Library Dependency Inputs Don't know
    Link Status set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/LTCG:STATUS" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/LTCG:NOSTATUS" )
    Prevent DLL Binding set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/ALLOWBIND:NO" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/ALLOWBIND:YES" )
    Treat Linker Warnings As Errors set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/WX" )
    Force File Output set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FORCE" )
    Create Hot Patchable Image set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FUNCTIONPADMIN" )
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FUNCTIONPADMIN:16" ) #Itanium only
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FUNCTIONPADMIN:6" ) #x64 only
set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FUNCTIONPADMIN:5" ) #x86 only
    Specify Section Attributes Don't know
  Input Additional Dependancies target_link_libraries( target item1 item2 )
    Ignore All Default Libraries set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/NODEFAULTLIB" )
       
       
       
Put files into folders     source_group( header FILES includeme.h )
       
       
       

结论：CMAKE默认会修改的选项有时候是没有办法再次修改的。CMAKE默认不修改的选项大部分情况都可以自己定义。

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/arxive/p/13341761.html