[root@localhost nginx-1.10.1]# tar --help Usage: tar [OPTION...] [FILE]... GNU `tar' saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can restore individual files from the archive. Examples: tar -cf archive.tar foo bar # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar. tar -tvf archive.tar # List all files in archive.tar verbosely. tar -xf archive.tar # Extract all files from archive.tar. Main operation mode: -A, --catenate, --concatenate append tar files to an archive -c, --create create a new archive -d, --diff, --compare find differences between archive and file system --delete delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!) -r, --append append files to the end of an archive -t, --list list the contents of an archive -u, --update only append files newer than copy in archive -x, --extract, --get extract files from an archive Operation modifiers: -g, --listed-incremental=FILE handle new GNU-format incremental backup -G, --incremental handle old GNU-format incremental backup --ignore-failed-read do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files -k, --keep-old-files don't replace existing files when extracting --keep-newer-files don't replace existing files that are newer than their archive copies --no-overwrite-dir preserve metadata of existing directories -n, --seek Archive is seekable --occurrence[=NUMBER] process only the NUMth occurrence of each file in the archive. This option is valid only in conjunction with one of the subcommands --delete, --diff, --extract or --list and when a list of files is given either on the command line or via -T option. NUMBER defaults to 1. --overwrite overwrite existing files when extracting -O, --to-stdout extract files to standard output --recursive-unlink empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory --remove-files remove files after adding them to the archive -S, --sparse handle sparse files efficiently -U, --unlink-first remove each file prior to extracting over it -W, --verify attempt to verify the archive after writing it Handling of file attributes: --acls Save the ACLs to the archive --atime-preserve don't change access times on dumped files --group=NAME force NAME as group for added files --mode=CHANGES force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files -m, --touch don't extract file modified time --no-acls Don't extract the ACLs from the archive --no-same-owner extract files as yourself --no-same-permissions do not extract permissions information --no-selinux Don't extract the SELinux context from the archive --no-xattrs Don't extract the user/root xattrs from the archive --numeric-owner always use numbers for user/group names --owner=NAME force NAME as owner for added files -p, --preserve-permissions, --same-permissions extract permissions information --preserve same as both -p and -s --same-owner try extracting files with the same ownership -s, --preserve-order, --same-order sort names to extract to match archive --selinux Save the SELinux context to the archive --xattrs Save the user/root xattrs to the archive Device selection and switching: -f, --file=ARCHIVE use archive file or device ARCHIVE --force-local archive file is local even if has a colon -F, --info-script=NAME, --new-volume-script=NAME run script at end of each tape (implies -M) -L, --tape-length=NUMBER change tape after writing NUMBER x 1024 bytes -M, --multi-volume create/list/extract multi-volume archive --rmt-command=COMMAND use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt --rsh-command=COMMAND use remote COMMAND instead of rsh --volno-file=FILE use/update the volume number in FILE Device blocking: -b, --blocking-factor=BLOCKS BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record -B, --read-full-records reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes) -i, --ignore-zeros ignore zeroed blocks in archive (means EOF) --record-size=NUMBER SIZE bytes per record, multiple of 512 Archive format selection: -H, --format=FORMAT create archive of the given format. FORMAT is one of the following: gnu GNU tar 1.13.x format oldgnu GNU format as per tar <= 1.12 pax POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format posix Same as pax ustar POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format v7 old V7 tar format -j, --bzip2 filter the archive through bzip2 --old-archive, --portability same as --format=v7 --pax-option=keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value], ...] control pax keywords --posix same as --format=posix --use-compress-program=PROG filter through PROG (must accept -d) -V, --label=TEXT create archive with volume name NAME. At list/extract time, use TEXT as a globbing pattern -z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip filter the archive through gzip -Z, --compress, --uncompress filter the archive through compress Local file selection: --after-date=DATE same as -N --anchored exclude patterns match file name start --backup[=CONTROL] backup before removal, choose version CONTROL -C, --directory=DIR change to directory DIR --exclude=PATTERN exclude files, given as a PATTERN --exclude-caches exclude directories containing a cache tag -h, --dereference dump instead the files symlinks point to --ignore-case exclusion ignores case -K, --starting-file=MEMBER-NAME begin at member MEMBER-NAME in the archive --newer-mtime=DATE compare date and time when data changed only --no-anchored exclude patterns match after any / (default) --no-ignore-case exclusion is case sensitive (default) --no-recursion avoid descending automatically in directories --no-wildcards exclude patterns are plain strings --no-wildcards-match-slash exclude pattern wildcards do not match '/' --null -T reads null-terminated names, disable -C -N, --newer=DATE-OR-FILE only store files newer than DATE-OR-FILE --one-file-system stay in local file system when creating archive -P, --absolute-names don't strip leading `/'s from file names --recursion recurse into directories (default) --strip-components=NUMBER strip NUMBER leading components from file names --suffix=STRING backup before removal, override usual suffix ('~' unless overridden by environment variable SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX -T, --files-from=FILE-OF-NAMES get names to extract or create from file NAME --wildcards exclude patterns use wildcards (default) --wildcards-match-slash exclude pattern wildcards match '/' (default) -X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude patterns listed in FILE Informative output: --checkpoint display progress messages every 10th record -v, --verbose verbosely list files processed --check-links print a message if not all links are dumped --index-file=FILE send verbose output to FILE -R, --block-number show block number within archive with each message --show-defaults Show tar defaults --show-omitted-dirs When listing or extracting, list each directory that does not match search criteria --totals print total bytes written while creating archive --utc print file modification dates in UTC -w, --interactive, --confirmation ask for confirmation for every action Compatibility options: --allow-name-mangling when creating, allow GNUTYPE_NAMES mangling -- considered dangerous -o when creating, same as --old-archive. When extracting, same as --no-same-owner Other options: -?, --help Give this help list --license Print license and exit --usage Give a short usage message --version Print program version Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional for any corresponding short options. The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX. The version control may be set with --backup or VERSION_CONTROL, values are: t, numbered make numbered backups nil, existing numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise never, simple always make simple backups *This* tar defaults to: --format=gnu -f- -b20 --rmt-command=/sbin/rmt --rsh-command=/usr/bin/rsh Report bugs to <bug-tar@gnu.org>.
tar 是 tape archive 的缩写，磁带档案
CentOS 关闭防火墙
CentOS 6:
1） 永久性生效，重启后不会复原
开启： chkconfig iptables on
关闭： chkconfig iptables off
2） 即时生效，重启后复原
开启： service iptables start
关闭： service iptables stop
CentOS 7:
systemctl start firewalld.service#启动firewall
systemctl stop firewalld.service#停止firewall
systemctl disable firewalld.service#禁止firewall开机启动
查询TCP连接情况：
netstat -n | awk '/^tcp/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}'
查询端口占用情况：
netstat -anp | grep portno（例如：netstat –apn | grep 80）