Linux Shell 中数组的语法及应用

#!/bin/sh
#
# 数组的声明与初始化方法
# 先声明后赋值:
declare -a array
array=(one two three)

# 声明并初始化：
array_1=(1 2 3 four)

array_2=(
1
2
3
four
)

array_3[0]=1
array_3[1]=2
array_3[2]=3
array_3[3]=four

# 数组元素的引用 ${array_name[index]}
echo "array_1[0]= ${array_1[0]}"
echo "array_3[3]= ${array_3[3]}"
echo "======================================="

# 数组的引用方法 ${array_name[*]} 或 ${array_name[@]}
echo "First Method: ${array_1[*]}"
echo "Second Method: ${array_2[*]}"
echo "Third Method: ${array_3[@]}"
echo "======================================="

# $array_name 可直接代表${array_name[0]}
echo $array
echo $array[0]
echo ${#array}
echo "======================================="

# 增加或修改元素(值)
array[4]='hello'      #增加
array[1]='shells'     #修改
echo ${array[*]}
echo ${array[10]}     #空值
echo "======================================="

# 删除元素或数组
unset array[0]
echo ${array[*]}
unset array              #删除数组
echo ${array[*]}
echo "======================================="

# 切片访问 ${array_name[*]:startindex:endindex} or ${array_name[*]:startindex:endindex}     即 array_name[startindex,endindex)
echo ${array_1[*]:1:4}
echo ${array_1[@]:1:7}      #越界显示为空
echo ${array_1[*]:2}          #>=2
echo ${array_1[*]::4}         #<4

echo "======================================="

# 模式替换(匹配并替换) ${array_name[*]/oldchar/newchar}
array_4=(123 "231" '81o')
echo ${array_4[*]}
echo ${array_4[*]/1/replace}
echo "======================================="

# 数组的长度(元素个数)
arraylength1=${#array_1[@]}
arraylength2=${#array_2[*]}
echo $arraylength1
echo $arraylength2
echo "======================================="

# 元素的长度
elementlength3=${#array_3[3]}
elementlength3_1=${#array_3[1]}
echo $elementlength3
echo $elementlength3_1
echo "======================================="

# 数组的应用(遍历)
for (( n=0; n<${#array_1[@]}; n++ )); do
    echo ${array_1[$n]}
done
echo "======================================="

for I in ${array_1[*]}; do
    echo $I
done
echo "======================================="

# 特殊数组(空格作为元素的分隔符)
for I in `ls -a ~`; do
    echo $I
done

for I in `head -n 10 /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1`; do
    echo "Username: $I"
done
echo "xxxxxxxxxxxx"

ARRAY=`head -n 10 /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1`
for I in $ARRAY; do
    echo "Username1: $I"
done

# 参考 http://blog.csdn.net/zhuying_linux/article/details/6778877

源码：

  1 #!/bin/sh
  2 #
  3 
  4 # 数组的声明与初始化方法
  5 # 先声明后赋值:
  6 declare -a array
  7 array=(one two three)
  8 
  9 # 声明并初始化：
 10 array_1=(1 2 3 four)
 11 
 12 array_2=(
 13 1
 14 2
 15 3
 16 four
 17 )
 18 
 19 array_3[0]=1
 20 array_3[1]=2
 21 array_3[2]=3
 22 array_3[3]=four
 23 
 24 # 数组元素的引用 ${array_name[index]}
 25 echo "array_1[0]= ${array_1[0]}"    
 26 echo "array_3[3]= ${array_3[3]}"
 27 echo "======================================="
 28 
 29 # 数组的引用方法 ${array_name[*]} 或 ${array_name[@]}
 30 echo "First Method: ${array_1[*]}"       
 31 echo "Second Method: ${array_2[*]}"
 32 echo "Third Method: ${array_3[@]}"
 33 echo "======================================="
 34 
 35 # $array_name 可直接代表${array_name[0]}
 36 echo $array
 37 echo $array[0]
 38 echo ${#array}
 39 echo "======================================="
 40 
 41 # 增加或修改元素(值)
 42 array[4]='hello'      #增加
 43 array[1]='shells'     #修改
 44 echo ${array[*]}
 45 echo ${array[10]}     #空值
 46 echo "======================================="
 47 
 48 # 删除元素或数组
 49 unset array[0]
 50 echo ${array[*]}
 51 unset array              #删除数组
 52 echo ${array[*]}
 53 echo "======================================="
 54 
 55 # 切片访问  ${array_name[*]:startindex:endindex} or ${array_name[*]:startindex:endindex}     即 array_name[startindex,endindex)
 56 echo ${array_1[*]:1:4}
 57 echo ${array_1[@]:1:7}      #越界显示为空
 58 echo ${array_1[*]:2}        #>=2
 59 echo ${array_1[*]::4}       #<4
 60 
 61 echo "======================================="
 62 
 63 # 模式替换(匹配并替换)  ${array_name[*]/oldchar/newchar}
 64 array_4=(123 "231" '81o')
 65 echo ${array_4[*]}
 66 echo ${array_4[*]/1/replace}
 67 echo "======================================="
 68 
 69 
 70 # 数组的长度(元素个数)
 71 arraylength1=${#array_1[@]}
 72 arraylength2=${#array_2[*]}
 73 echo $arraylength1
 74 echo $arraylength2
 75 echo "======================================="
 76 
 77 # 元素的长度
 78 elementlength3=${#array_3[3]}
 79 elementlength3_1=${#array_3[1]}
 80 echo $elementlength3
 81 echo $elementlength3_1
 82 echo "======================================="
 83 
 84 # 数组的应用(遍历)
 85 for (( n=0; n<${#array_1[@]}; n++ )); do
 86     echo ${array_1[$n]}
 87 done
 88 echo "======================================="
 89 
 90 for I in ${array_1[*]}; do
 91     echo $I
 92 done
 93 echo "======================================="
 94 
 95 # 特殊数组(空格作为元素的分隔符)
 96 for I in `ls -a ~`; do
 97     echo $I
 98 done
 99 
100 for I in `head -n 10 /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1`; do
101     echo "Username: $I"
102 done
103 echo "xxxxxxxxxxxx"
104 
105 ARRAY=`head -n 10 /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1`
106 for I in $ARRAY; do
107     echo "Username1: $I"
108 done
109 
110 # 参考 http://blog.csdn.net/zhuying_linux/article/details/6778877

array.sh