.Net 配置文件——继承ConfigurationSection实现自定义处理类处理自定义配置节点

除了使用继承IConfigurationSectionHandler的方法定义处理自定义节点的类，还可以通过继承ConfigurationSection类实现同样效果。

首先说下.Net配置文件中一个潜规则：

在配置节点时，对于想要进行存储的参数数据，可以采用两种方式：一种是存储到节点的属性中，另一种是存储在节点的文本中。

因为一个节点可以有很多属性，但是只要一个innertext,而要在程序中将这两种形式区分开会带来复杂性。 为了避免这个问题，.net的配置文件只是用属性存储而不使用innertext.

接着，我们来写一个符合这个潜规则的自定义配置文件，方便测试：

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<mailservergroup provider="www.baidu.com">
    <mailservers>
      <mailserver address="13232@qq.com" client="http://blog.csdn.net/lhc1105" password="2343254" username="lhc">
      <mailserver address="132wdfgdsggtaewg32@qq.com" client="http://blog345.csdn.net/lhc1105" password="2334t243的萨芬234254" username="dfshs水田如雅">
      <mailserver address="132wdgadsfgdtaewg32@qq.com" client="http://blog436.csdn.net/lhc1105" password="23ewrty2343的萨芬234254" username="sdfhdfs水田如雅">
      <mailserver address="132wdgdfagdstaewg32@qq.com" client="http://blo345734g.csdn.net/lhc1105" password="23erwt43的萨芬234254" username="sdfher水田如雅">
    </mailserver></mailserver></mailserver></mailserver></mailservers>
  </mailservergroup>

接着，我们来写相应的处理类，这里我们由内向外来写：

首先是最内层的mailServer:

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/// <summary>
   /// Class MailServerElement：用于映射mailServer节点，这里是实际存储数据的地方；
   /// </summary>
   /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 21:51:57</remarks>
   public sealed class MailServerElement : ConfigurationElement  //配置文件中的配置元素
   {
 
       /// <summary>
       /// Gets or sets the client.
       /// </summary>
       /// <value>The client.</value>
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:05:40</remarks>
       [ConfigurationProperty("client", IsKey = true, IsRequired = true)]  //client是必须的key属性，有点儿主键的意思，例如，如果定义多个client相同的节点，循环读取的话就只读取到最后一个值
       public string Client
       {
           get
           {
               return this["client"] as string;
           }
           set
           {
               this["client"] = value;
           }
 
       }
       /// <summary>
       /// Gets or sets the address.
       /// </summary>
       /// <value>The address.</value>
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:05:38</remarks>
       [ConfigurationProperty("address")]
       public string Address
       {
           get
           {
               return this["address"] as string;
           }
           set
           {
               this["address"] = value;
           }
 
       }
       /// <summary>
       /// Gets or sets the name of the user.
       /// </summary>
       /// <value>The name of the user.</value>
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:05:35</remarks>
       [ConfigurationProperty("userName")]
       public string UserName
       {
 
           get
           {
               return this["userName"] as string;
           }
           set
           {
               this["userName"] = value;
           }
 
       }
       /// <summary>
       /// Gets or sets the password.
       /// </summary>
       /// <value>The password.</value>
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:05:33</remarks>
       [ConfigurationProperty("password")]
       public string Password
       {
 
           get
           {
               return this["password"] as string;
           }
           set
           {
               this["password"] = value;
           }
 
       }
 
 
 
   }

接着是mailServers,它是一个mailServer的集合：

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/// <summary>
   /// Class MailServerCollection:映射mailServers节点，为一个集合类，另外还包含了很多对节点的操作方法，大部分继承自ConfigurationElementCollection
   /// </summary>
   /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 21:52:00</remarks>
   public sealed class MailServerCollection : ConfigurationElementCollection
   {
       /// <summary>
       /// 获取 <see cref="T:System.Configuration.ConfigurationElementCollection"> 的类型。
       /// </see></summary>
       /// <value>The type of the collection.</value>
       /// <returns>此集合的 <see cref="T:System.Configuration.ConfigurationElementCollectionType">。</see></returns>
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:05:08</remarks>
       public override ConfigurationElementCollectionType CollectionType
       {
           get
           {
               return ConfigurationElementCollectionType.BasicMap;
           }
         
       }
 
 
       /// <summary>
       /// 当在派生的类中重写时，创建一个新的 <see cref="T:System.Configuration.ConfigurationElement">。
       /// </see></summary>
       /// <returns>新的 <see cref="T:System.Configuration.ConfigurationElement">。</see></returns>
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:05:03</remarks>
       protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement()
       {
           return new MailServerElement();
       }
 
       /// <summary>
       /// 在派生类中重写时获取指定配置元素的元素键。
       /// </summary>
       ///<param name="element">要为其返回键的 <see cref="T:System.Configuration.ConfigurationElement">。
       /// <returns>一个 <see cref="T:System.Object">，用作指定 <see cref="T:System.Configuration.ConfigurationElement"> 的键。</see></see></returns>
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:04:51</remarks>
       protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element)
       {
           return (element as MailServerElement).Client;
       }
 
       /// <summary>
       /// 获取在派生的类中重写时用于标识配置文件中此元素集合的名称。
       /// </summary>
       /// <value>The name of the element.</value>
       /// <returns>集合的名称；否则为空字符串。默认值为空字符串。</returns>
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 23:41:40</remarks>
       protected override string ElementName
       {
           get
           {
               return "mailServer";
           }
       }
 
 
       /// <summary>
       /// 获取集合中的元素数。
       /// </summary>
       /// <value>The count.</value>
       /// <returns>集合中的元素数。</returns>
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:08:24</remarks>
       public new int Count
       {
           get { return base.Count; }
       }
 
       /// <summary>
       /// 获取或设置此配置元素的属性、特性或子元素。
       /// </summary>
       ///<param name="index">The index.
       /// <returns>MailServerElement.</returns>
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch</remarks>
       public MailServerElement this[int index]
       {
 
           get { return BaseGet(index) as MailServerElement; }
           set
           {
               if (BaseGet(index) != null)
               {
                   BaseRemoveAt(index);
               }
               BaseAdd(index, value);
           }
 
       }
 
       /// <summary>
       /// 获取或设置此配置元素的属性、特性或子元素。
       /// </summary>
       ///<param name="Name">The name.
       /// <returns>MailServerElement.</returns>
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch</remarks>
       new public MailServerElement this[string Name]
       {
           get { return BaseGet(Name) as MailServerElement; }
       }
 
       /// <summary>
       /// Indexes the of.
       /// </summary>
       ///<param name="element">The element.
       /// <returns>System.Int32.</returns>
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:24:16</remarks>
       public int IndexOf(MailServerElement element)
       {
 
           return BaseIndexOf(element);
       }
 
       /// <summary>
       /// Adds the specified element.
       /// </summary>
       ///<param name="element">The element.
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:26:06</remarks>
       public void Add(MailServerElement element)
       {
           BaseAdd(element);
       }
 
       /// <summary>
       /// Removes the specified element.
       /// </summary>
       ///<param name="element">The element.
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:27:01</remarks>
       public void Remove(MailServerElement element)
       {
           if (BaseIndexOf(element) > 0)
           {
               BaseRemove(element.Client);
           }
       }
 
       /// <summary>
       /// Removes at.
       /// </summary>
       ///<param name="index">The index.
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:33:29</remarks>
       public void RemoveAt(int index)
       {
           BaseRemoveAt(index);
       }
 
       /// <summary>
       /// Removes the specified client.
       /// </summary>
       ///<param name="client">The client.
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:34:04</remarks>
       public void Remove(string client)
       {
           BaseRemove(client);
       }
 
       /// <summary>
       /// Clears this instance.
       /// </summary>
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:34:29</remarks>
       public void Clear()
       {
           BaseClear();
       }
   }</see>

最后是最外层的group:

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/// <summary>
   /// Class MailServerSection 为入口：
   /// </summary>
   /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 21:41:02</remarks>
   public class MailServerSection : ConfigurationSection   //继承配置文件中节
   {
       /// <summary>
       /// Gets the provider.：映射mailServerGroup节点的provider
       /// </summary>
       /// <value>The provider.</value>
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:05:59</remarks>
       [ConfigurationProperty("provider", IsKey = true)]
       public string provider { get { return this["provider"] as string; } }
 
       /// <summary>
       /// Gets or sets the mail servers.：映射新添加的节点mailServers节点；这个节点下还包含了若干个mailServer节点，因此它是一个集合类
       /// </summary>
       /// <value>The mail servers.</value>
       /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 22:05:56</remarks>
       [ConfigurationProperty("mailServers", IsDefaultCollection = false)]
       public MailServerCollection MailServers
       {
           get
           {
               return this["mailServers"] as MailServerCollection;
           }
           set
           {
               this["mailServers"] = value;
           }
 
       }
   }

同样，关联处理类和节点：

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之后做个测试：

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class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Test();
 
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// Tests this instance.：读取节点值示例
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>Editor：v-liuhch CreateTime：2015/6/27 23:04:53</remarks>
        private static void Test() {
 
            MailServerSection mailSection = (MailServerSection)ConfigurationManager.GetSection("mailServerGroup");
            Console.WriteLine("MailServerSection 的provider属性值："+mailSection.provider);
            foreach (MailServerElement config in mailSection.MailServers)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------");
                Console.WriteLine("client值为："+config.Client);
                Console.WriteLine("address值为："+config.Address);
                Console.WriteLine("username值为："+config.UserName);
                Console.WriteLine("password值为："+config.Password);
                Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------");
            }
 
            Console.ReadKey();
 
        }
 
    }

 http://www.2cto.com/kf/201506/412300.html

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/amylis_chen/p/5984884.html