Tomcat 核心组件 Container容器相关

Tomcat


前言

Connector把封装了Request对象以及Response对象的Socket传递给了Container容器,那么在Contianer容器中又是怎么样的处理流程呢?在说Container容器之前,有必要对Container容器有一个简单的了解,Container容器是子容器的父接口,所有的子容器都必须实现这个接口,在Tomcat中Container容器的设计是典型的责任链设计模式,其有四个子容器:Engine、Host、Context和Wrapper。这四个容器之间是父子关系,Engine容器包含Host,Host包含Context,Context包含Wrapper。

我们在web项目中的一个Servlet类对应一个Wrapper,多个Servlet就对应多个Wrapper,当有多个Wrapper的时候就需要一个容器来管理这些Wrapper了,这就是Context容器了,Context容器对应一个工程,所以我们新部署一个工程到Tomcat中就会新创建一个Context容器。Container容器的处理过程也比较复杂,下面是一个大概的流程:
Container

上面出现了Pipeline与Valve,这两个对象可以分别理解为管道与管道中闸门,当收到从Connector的请求后,这个请求要通过一个个管道以及管道中一个个的闸门,只有全部通过才能最终被具体的Servlet处理。要注意的是,每一个容器都有自己的管道和闸门,这些管道与闸门都是由容器自身老控制的,所以我们可以看到注入StandardEngineValve等类了。

下面就从Container容器的四个子容器入手,分析每一个容器是怎么样处理的:

Engine容器

Engine容器包含Host容器,根据文章第一部分的架构图,可以知道其管理的容器是Host,Engine是一个接口,其标准实现类是StandardEngine,下面是其类结构图:
Engine

StandardEngine

注意其中的addChild方法,其类型是Container,但是其实际管理的就是Host容器。Engine容器处理请求的流程可以简化如下:
StandardEngine1

在刚开始的流程图中调用了StandardEngineValve的invoke方法,这个方法的具体实现如何呢?

    /**
     * Select the appropriate child Host to process this request,
     * based on the requested server name.  If no matching Host can
     * be found, return an appropriate HTTP error.
     *
     * @param request Request to be processed
     * @param response Response to be produced
     *
     * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurred
     * @exception ServletException if a servlet error occurred
     */
    @Override
    public final void invoke(Request request, Response response)
        throws IOException, ServletException {
        // Select the Host to be used for this Request
        Host host = request.getHost();
        if (host == null) {
            response.sendError
                (HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST,
                 sm.getString("standardEngine.noHost", 
                              request.getServerName()));
            return;
        }
        if (request.isAsyncSupported()) {
            request.setAsyncSupported(host.getPipeline().isAsyncSupported());
        }
        // Ask this Host to process this request
        host.getPipeline().getFirst().invoke(request, response);
    }

可以看到这个方法的任务就是选择可用的Host容器处理当前的请求,选择Host容器后,就调用其invoke方法,所以具体的处理就转移到了Host容器。


Host容器

Host容器是Engine容器的子容器,上面也说到Host是受Engine容器管理的,就是指一个虚拟主机,比如我们在访问具体jsp页面URL中localhost就是一个虚拟主机,其作用是运行多个应用,并对这些应用进行管理,其子容器是Context,而且一个主机还保存了主机的相关信息。Host的标准实现类是StandardHost,其闸门实现是StandardHostValve,下面是StandardHost与StandardHostValve的类结构图:

StandardHost

StandardHostValue

Host容器的处理流程可以简化如下:
StandardHostValue

接着我们回到Engine容器的invoke方法,下面是host.getPipeline().getFirst().invoke(request, response)的方法源码:

    @Override
    public final void invoke(Request request, Response response)
        throws IOException, ServletException {
        // Select the Context to be used for this Request
        Context context = request.getContext();
        if (context == null) {
            response.sendError
                (HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
                 sm.getString("standardHost.noContext"));
            return;
        }
        // Bind the context CL to the current thread
        if( context.getLoader() != null ) {
            // Not started - it should check for availability first
            // This should eventually move to Engine, it's generic.
            if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED) {
                PrivilegedAction<Void> pa = new PrivilegedSetTccl(
                        context.getLoader().getClassLoader());
                AccessController.doPrivileged(pa);                
            } else {
                Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader
                        (context.getLoader().getClassLoader());
            }
        }
        if (request.isAsyncSupported()) {
            request.setAsyncSupported(context.getPipeline().isAsyncSupported());
        }
        // Don't fire listeners during async processing
        // If a request init listener throws an exception, the request is
        // aborted
        boolean asyncAtStart = request.isAsync(); 
        // An async error page may dispatch to another resource. This flag helps
        // ensure an infinite error handling loop is not entered
        boolean errorAtStart = response.isError();
        if (asyncAtStart || context.fireRequestInitEvent(request)) {
            // Ask this Context to process this request
            try {
                context.getPipeline().getFirst().invoke(request, response);
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
                if (errorAtStart) {
                    container.getLogger().error("Exception Processing " +
                            request.getRequestURI(), t);
                } else {
                    request.setAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_EXCEPTION, t);
                    throwable(request, response, t);
                }
            }

            // If the request was async at the start and an error occurred then
            // the async error handling will kick-in and that will fire the
            // request destroyed event *after* the error handling has taken
            // place
            if (!(request.isAsync() || (asyncAtStart &&
                    request.getAttribute(
                            RequestDispatcher.ERROR_EXCEPTION) != null))) {
                // Protect against NPEs if context was destroyed during a
                // long running request.
                if (context.getState().isAvailable()) {
                    if (!errorAtStart) {
                        // Error page processing
                        response.setSuspended(false);

                        Throwable t = (Throwable) request.getAttribute(
                                RequestDispatcher.ERROR_EXCEPTION);

                        if (t != null) {
                            throwable(request, response, t);
                        } else {
                            status(request, response);
                        }
                    }

                    context.fireRequestDestroyEvent(request);
                }
            }
        }
        // Access a session (if present) to update last accessed time, based on a
        // strict interpretation of the specification
        if (ACCESS_SESSION) {
            request.getSession(false);
        }
        // Restore the context classloader
        if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED) {
            PrivilegedAction<Void> pa = new PrivilegedSetTccl(
                    StandardHostValve.class.getClassLoader());
            AccessController.doPrivileged(pa);                
        } else {
            Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader
                    (StandardHostValve.class.getClassLoader());
        }
    }

其处理过程可以总结如下:

  1. 为特定的请求URL选择一个Context容器
  2. 把Context容器绑定到线程中
  3. 判断是否是一个异步请求
  4. 让Context去处理这个请求
  5. Context执行invoke方法,进入管道中,由StandardContextValve(是ContextValve的标准实现类)处理



原文博主:rhwayfunn

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/aixing/p/13327569.html