SLR(1)分析法分析过程

对下列文法,用SLR(1)分析法对任意输入的符号串进行分析:

(1)S->E

(2)E->E+T

(3)E->T

(4)T->T*F

(5)T->F

(6)F->(E)

(7)F->i

设计思想

(1)总控程序,也可以称为驱动程序。对所有的LR分析器总控程序都是相同的。

(2)分析表或分析函数,不同的文法分析表将不同,同一个文法采用的LR分析器不同时,分析表将不同,分析表又可以分为动作表(ACTION)和状态转换(GOTO)表两个部分,它们都可用二维数组表示。

(3)分析栈,包括文法符号栈和相应的状态栈,它们均是先进后出栈。

分析器的动作就是由栈顶状态和当前输入符号所决定。

  • LR分析器由三个部分组成:
  • 其中:SP为栈指针,S[i]为状态栈,X[i]为文法符号栈。状态转换表用GOTO[iX]=j表示,规定当栈顶状态为i,遇到当前文法符号为X时应转向状态jX为终结符或非终结符。
  • ACTION[ia]规定了栈顶状态为i时遇到输入符号a应执行。动作有四种可能:

(1)移进:

action[ia]= Sj:状态j移入到状态栈,把a移入到文法符号栈,其中i,j表示状态号。

(2)归约:

action[ia]=rk:当在栈顶形成句柄时,则归约为相应的非终结符A,即文法中有A- B的产生式,若B的长度为R(|B|=R),则从状态栈和文法符号栈中自顶向下去掉R个符号,即栈指针SP减去R,并把A移入文法符号栈内,j=GOTO[i,A]移进状态栈,其中i为修改指针后的栈顶状态。

(3)接受acc:

当归约到文法符号栈中只剩文法的开始符号S时,并且输入符号串已结束即当前输入符是'#',则为分析成功。

(4)报错:

当遇到状态栈顶为某一状态下出现不该遇到的文法符号时,则报错,说明输入端不是该文法能接受的符号串。

源程序

#include <iostream>

#include <iomanip>

#include <cstdlib>

#include <vector>

#include <string>

#include <utility>

using namespace std;

 

#define numStates 6

#define numInputs 3

 

int t(char);

int go(char);

 

 

char terminals[numInputs] = { '(', ')', '$' };

string table[numStates][numInputs] =

{ // ( ) $

    { "s:2", "r:S~!", "r:S~!" },

    { "", "", "a:" },

    { "s:2", "r:S~!", "r:S~!" },

    { "", "s:4", "" },

    { "s:2", "r:S~!", "r:S~!" },

    { "", "r:S~(S)S", "r:S~(S)S" }

};

 

char nonterminals[1] = { 'S' };

int gotos[numStates][1] =

{

    { 1 },

    { -1 },

    { 3 },

    { -1 },

    { 5 },

    { -1 }

};

 

 

int main()

{

    char k;

    const int spacing = 10;

    int state;

    char in;

    string action;

 

    vector < pair < char, int > > stack;

    stack.push_back(make_pair('$', 0));

    cout << "hello, Press Return to step through parse" << endl << endl;

 

    string input = "()()$";

 

    cout << "Enter your input string to recognize: ";

    getline(cin, input);

    input += '$';

 

 

    cout << setfill('=') << left << setw(2 * spacing) << "Stack"

        << setw(2 * spacing) << "Input"

        << setw(2 * spacing) << "Action" << endl << setfill(' ');

 

    while (1)

    {

 

        // Display stack

        cout << endl;

        int u = 0;

        for (u = 0; u<stack.size(); u++)

            cout << stack[u].first << " " << stack[u].second << " ";

        for (; u<7; u++)

            cout << " ";

        for (int u = input.size(); u<spacing; u++)

            cout << " ";

 

        // Display input

        cout << setw(spacing) << input;

 

        // Display the action code to take

        cout << setw(spacing) << left << action;

 

        state = stack.back().second;

 

        in = input[0];

 

        

        action = table[state][t(in)];

 

        // Stepping pause

        cin.get();

 

        cout << "=> ";

 

        // blank/error cell

        if (action == "")

        {

            cout << "ERROR input not accepted" << endl;

            return 0;

        }

 

        // Accepted cell

        else if (action[0] == 'a')

        {

            cout << "INPUT STRING ACCEPTED" << endl;

            return 0;

        }

 

        // Reduction

        else if (action[0] == 'r')

        {

            cout << "Reducing '" << action.substr(4, action.length() - 1)

                << "' on the stack to " << action[2];

 

 

            

            for (int i = action.length() - 1; i>3; i--)

            {

 

                if (stack.back().first == action[i])

                    stack.pop_back();

 

 

                // Epsilons do not consume anything

                else if (action[i] == '!')

                    continue;

 

 

                else

                {

                    cout << "Error in reduce, expected "

                        << stack.back().first << endl;

                    return 0;

                }

            }

 

            cout << " Then goto state " << gotos[stack.back().second][go(action[2])] << endl;

 

 

            stack.push_back(

                make_pair(

                action[2],

                gotos[stack.back().second][go(action[2])]));

        }

 

 

 

        // Shift

        else if (action[0] == 's')

        {

            cout << "Shifting top of input to stack and moving to state " << action[2] << endl;

 

            stack.push_back(

                make_pair(

                input[0],

                action[2] - 48));

 

            input.erase(0, 1);

        }

    }

 

    return 0;

}

 

 

int t(char terminal)

{ // Linear search bad

    for (int i = 0; i<numInputs; i++)

    if (terminals[i] == terminal)

        return i;

    cout << "t(): There was an error in look finding '" << terminal << "' in the table." << endl;

    return -1;

}

 

int go(char nterminal)

{ // Linear search bad

    for (int i = 0; i<numInputs; i++)

    if (nonterminals[i] == nterminal)

        return i;

    cout << "go(): There was an error in look finding '" << nterminal << "' in the table." << endl;

    return -1;

}

结果

 

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/aishanyishi/p/10305031.html