Clang的Lexer（词法分析器）的源码的主要位置如下：
clang/lib/Lex 这里是主要的Lexer的代码；
clang/include/clang/Lex 这里是Lexer的头文件代码的位置；
同时，Lexer还使用了clangBasic库，所以要分析Lexer的代码，clangBasic（clang/lib/Basic）的一些代码也会用到。
首先从Lexer入手。
clang/include/clang/Lex/Lexer.h
clang::Lexer:
00057 //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===// 00058 // Context-specific lexing flags set by the preprocessor. 00059 // 00060 00061 /// ExtendedTokenMode - The lexer can optionally keep comments and whitespace 00062 /// and return them as tokens. This is used for -C and -CC modes, and 00063 /// whitespace preservation can be useful for some clients that want to lex 00064 /// the file in raw mode and get every character from the file. 00065 /// 00066 /// When this is set to 2 it returns comments and whitespace. When set to 1 00067 /// it returns comments, when it is set to 0 it returns normal tokens only. 00068 unsigned char ExtendedTokenMode; 00069 00070 //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//这个成员变量保存词法分析的一个状态，根据它的值的不同：0、1、2，分别对应只返回正常的token，返回comments
和正常的token，返回空格、comments和正常的token。
下面是几个操作这个成员变量的函数，基本上都是获取值、设置值和重设值。代码不复杂，
00162 /// isKeepWhitespaceMode - Return true if the lexer should return tokens for
00163 /// every character in the file, including whitespace and comments. This
00164 /// should only be used in raw mode, as the preprocessor is not prepared to
00165 /// deal with the excess tokens.
00166 bool isKeepWhitespaceMode() const {
00167 return ExtendedTokenMode > 1;
00168 }
00169
00170 /// SetKeepWhitespaceMode - This method lets clients enable or disable
00171 /// whitespace retention mode.
00172 void SetKeepWhitespaceMode(bool Val) {
00173 assert((!Val || LexingRawMode || LangOpts.TraditionalCPP) &&
00174 "Can only retain whitespace in raw mode or -traditional-cpp");
00175 ExtendedTokenMode = Val ? 2 : 0;
00176 }
00177
00178 /// inKeepCommentMode - Return true if the lexer should return comments as
00179 /// tokens.
00180 bool inKeepCommentMode() const {
00181 return ExtendedTokenMode > 0;
00182 }
00183
00184 /// SetCommentRetentionMode - Change the comment retention mode of the lexer
00185 /// to the specified mode. This is really only useful when lexing in raw
00186 /// mode, because otherwise the lexer needs to manage this.
00187 void SetCommentRetentionState(bool Mode) {
00188 assert(!isKeepWhitespaceMode() &&
00189 "Can't play with comment retention state when retaining whitespace");
00190 ExtendedTokenMode = Mode ? 1 : 0;
00191 }
00192
00193 /// Sets the extended token mode back to its initial value, according to the
00194 /// language options and preprocessor. This controls whether the lexer
00195 /// produces comment and whitespace tokens.
00196 ///
00197 /// This requires the lexer to have an associated preprocessor. A standalone
00198 /// lexer has nothing to reset to.
00199 void resetExtendedTokenMode();关于raw mode:raw mode的时候，ExtendedTokenMode = 2，Lexer会输出包含空格、comments和正常tokens在内的所有
字符。在Lexer的父类：clang::PreprocessorLexer类中（），有一个成员变量：
00049 /// rief True if in raw mode. 00050 /// 00051 /// Raw mode disables interpretation of tokens and is a far faster mode to 00052 /// lex in than non-raw-mode. This flag: 00053 /// 1. If EOF of the current lexer is found, the include stack isn't popped. 00054 /// 2. Identifier information is not looked up for identifier tokens. As an 00055 /// effect of this, implicit macro expansion is naturally disabled. 00056 /// 3. "#" tokens at the start of a line are treated as normal tokens, not 00057 /// implicitly transformed by the lexer. 00058 /// 4. All diagnostic messages are disabled. 00059 /// 5. No callbacks are made into the preprocessor. 00060 /// 00061 /// Note that in raw mode that the PP pointer may be null. 00062 bool LexingRawMode;它可以表明Lexer是否在raw mode下。同时，这里的注释也说明了raw model的作用。
从clang::Lexer的定义可以看出，它是clang::PreprocessorLexer的子类，上面raw model的部分也引用了clang::PreprocessorLexer类的代码，下面看下clang::PreprocessorLexer的代码。
clang/include/clang/Lex/PreprocessorLexer.h
00022 namespace clang {
00023
00024 class FileEntry;
00025 class Preprocessor;从这里可以看出clang::PreprocessorLexer使用了上面两个类，而在头文件中的具体位置就是：00027 class PreprocessorLexer {
00028 virtual void anchor();
00029 protected:
00030 Preprocessor *PP; // Preprocessor object controlling lexing.以及00164 /// getFileEntry - Return the FileEntry corresponding to this FileID. Like 00165 /// getFileID(), this only works for lexers with attached preprocessors. 00166 const FileEntry *getFileEntry() const;
从代码中可以看出，这两个类，一个是作为成员变量，一个是作为了一个成员函数的返回类型来使用的。我们跟踪代码去看下这两个类的具体实现。这两个类的具体实现，FileEntry较为简单，很容易看出到底内容；而Preprocessor类较为复杂，牵涉内容较多，在这里暂且不作分析。后续继续分析。