Java的时间日期API

Java为我们提供的时间日期的类有老的java.util.Date和java.util.Calender,以及新的java.time包

java.time包基于Joda-Time库构建

本章学习目标:

  • 掌握Java8中提供的java.time包中的常用日期类与相关方法
  • 可以从java.util包下的日期类过渡到java.time包下的日期类
  • 掌握java8中的日期与字符串之间的相互转换

为什么会出现新的日期类API

java.util.Date和java.util.Calender类不是线程安全的

将java.util.Date类束之高阁才是正确之道。

                                                                —— 鲁迅(实际是Tim Yates)

在Java面世之初,标准库就引入了两种用于处理日期和时间的类,它们是java.util.Date和java.util.Calender,这两个类存在不少问题。

日期计算困难

毫秒值与日期直接转换比较繁琐,其次通过毫秒值来计算时间的差额步骤较多

/**
 *   程序员小李出生于1995年12月16日,计算当前这个时间他已经出生了多少天?
 *   步骤:
 *       1.初始化Date对象,无参构造(无参构造默认代表的就是当前时间)
 *       2.获取当前时间距离1970年1月1日过了多少毫秒
 *       3.初始化Calender对象并设时间为1995年12月16日,并将Calender对象转为Date对象,再转换为距离1970年1月1日过了多少毫秒
 *       4.将两个毫秒数相减,然后将毫秒转为天数
 **/
public class JavaUtilTimeCalculateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Date date = new Date();
        long s1 = date.getTime(); // 获取当前时间距离1970年1月1日过了多少毫秒

        Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
        calendar.set(1995, 11, 16); // 这里的第二个参数是月,月从0开始,因此这里要写11。这里由于混乱,非常容易犯错。

        Date date1 = calendar.getTime();
        long s2 = date1.getTime();

        long intervalDays = (s1 - s2)/1000/60/60/24;
        System.out.println("1995年12月16日距离现在已经过了"+intervalDays+"天");
    }
}

结果

1995年12月16日距离现在已经过了9041天

使用新版本API

public class JavaUtilTimeCalculateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        long days = ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(LocalDate.of(1995, 12, 16), LocalDate.now());
        System.out.println("1995年12月16日距离现在已经过了"+days+"天");
    }
}

结果

1995年12月16日距离现在已经过了9042天

新版本计算结果是正确的,老版本不仅繁琐还容易出错

线程安全问题

/**
 *  创建十个线程,将字符串"2018-12-12 12:12:12"转换为Date对象后打印到控制台上
 **/
public class SimpleDateFormatUnSafeDemo {
    final static SimpleDateFormat SIMPLE_DATE_FORMAT = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 循环十次,创建是个线程对象并启动
        for (int i=0; i<10; i++){
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try{
                        Date date = SIMPLE_DATE_FORMAT.parse("2018-12-12 12:12:12");
                        System.out.println(date);
                    } catch (ParseException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

IDEA控制台结果:

D:programfilesjdk8injava.exe "-javaagent:D:programfilesIntelliJ IDEA 2020.1libidea_rt.jar=10259:D:programfilesIntelliJ IDEA 2020.1in" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath D:programfilesjdk8jrelibcharsets.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibdeploy.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibextaccess-bridge-64.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibextcldrdata.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibextdnsns.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibextjaccess.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibextjfxrt.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibextlocaledata.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibext
ashorn.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibextsunec.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibextsunjce_provider.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibextsunmscapi.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibextsunpkcs11.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibextzipfs.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibjavaws.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibjce.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibjfr.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibjfxswt.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibjsse.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibmanagement-agent.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelibplugin.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelib
esources.jar;D:programfilesjdk8jrelib
t.jar;D:gitprojectsDataAnalySystemCommon	argetclasses;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycnhutoolhutool-all5.4.2hutool-all-5.4.2.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomalibabafastjson1.2.58fastjson-1.2.58.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehbasehbase-client2.0.0hbase-client-2.0.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehbase	hirdpartyhbase-shaded-protobuf2.1.0hbase-shaded-protobuf-2.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehbasehbase-common2.0.0hbase-common-2.0.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomgithubstephencfindbugsfindbugs-annotations1.3.9-1findbugs-annotations-1.3.9-1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehbasehbase-hadoop-compat2.0.0hbase-hadoop-compat-2.0.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehbasehbase-metrics-api2.0.0hbase-metrics-api-2.0.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehbasehbase-hadoop2-compat2.0.0hbase-hadoop2-compat-2.0.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehbasehbase-metrics2.0.0hbase-metrics-2.0.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehbasehbase-protocol-shaded2.0.0hbase-protocol-shaded-2.0.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehbasehbase-protocol2.0.0hbase-protocol-2.0.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryjunitjunit4.12junit-4.12.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorghamcresthamcrest-core1.3hamcrest-core-1.3.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycommons-codeccommons-codec1.11commons-codec-1.11.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycommons-iocommons-io2.5commons-io-2.5.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachecommonscommons-lang33.7commons-lang3-3.7.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgslf4jslf4j-api1.7.25slf4j-api-1.7.25.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehbase	hirdpartyhbase-shaded-miscellaneous2.1.0hbase-shaded-miscellaneous-2.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomgoogleprotobufprotobuf-java2.5.0protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehbase	hirdpartyhbase-shaded-netty2.1.0hbase-shaded-netty-2.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachezookeeperzookeeper3.4.10zookeeper-3.4.10.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehtracehtrace-core44.2.0-incubatinghtrace-core4-4.2.0-incubating.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgjrubyjcodingsjcodings1.0.18jcodings-1.0.18.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgjrubyjonijoni2.1.11joni-2.1.11.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryiodropwizardmetricsmetrics-core3.2.6metrics-core-3.2.6.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachecommonscommons-crypto1.0.0commons-crypto-1.0.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomfasterxmljacksoncorejackson-databind2.9.5jackson-databind-2.9.5.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomfasterxmljacksoncorejackson-annotations2.9.0jackson-annotations-2.9.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehadoophadoop-auth2.7.4hadoop-auth-2.7.4.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachedirectoryserverapacheds-kerberos-codec2.0.0-M15apacheds-kerberos-codec-2.0.0-M15.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachedirectoryserverapacheds-i18n2.0.0-M15apacheds-i18n-2.0.0-M15.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachedirectoryapiapi-asn1-api1.0.0-M20api-asn1-api-1.0.0-M20.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachedirectoryapiapi-util1.0.0-M20api-util-1.0.0-M20.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehadoophadoop-common2.7.4hadoop-common-2.7.4.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehadoophadoop-annotations2.7.4hadoop-annotations-2.7.4.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycommons-clicommons-cli1.2commons-cli-1.2.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachecommonscommons-math33.1.1commons-math3-3.1.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryxmlencxmlenc.52xmlenc-0.52.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycommons-netcommons-net3.1commons-net-3.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycommons-collectionscommons-collections3.2.2commons-collections-3.2.2.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgmortbayjettyjetty-sslengine6.1.26jetty-sslengine-6.1.26.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycommons-langcommons-lang2.6commons-lang-2.6.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycommons-configurationcommons-configuration1.6commons-configuration-1.6.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycommons-digestercommons-digester1.8commons-digester-1.8.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycommons-beanutilscommons-beanutils1.7.0commons-beanutils-1.7.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycommons-beanutilscommons-beanutils-core1.8.0commons-beanutils-core-1.8.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgcodehausjacksonjackson-core-asl1.9.13jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgcodehausjacksonjackson-mapper-asl1.9.13jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapacheavroavro1.7.4avro-1.7.4.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycom	houghtworksparanamerparanamer2.3paranamer-2.3.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomgooglecodegsongson2.8.4gson-2.8.4.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomjcraftjsch.1.54jsch-0.1.54.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachecuratorcurator-client2.7.1curator-client-2.7.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachecuratorcurator-recipes4.0.1curator-recipes-4.0.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomgooglecodefindbugsjsr3053.0.0jsr305-3.0.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapacheyetusaudience-annotations.5.0audience-annotations-0.5.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachekafkakafka-clients2.1.0kafka-clients-2.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomgithublubenzstd-jni1.3.5-4zstd-jni-1.3.5-4.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorglz4lz4-java1.5.0lz4-java-1.5.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgxerialsnappysnappy-java1.1.7.2snappy-java-1.1.7.2.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epository
uyandexclickhouseclickhouse-jdbc.1.40clickhouse-jdbc-0.1.40.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehttpcomponentshttpclient4.5.5httpclient-4.5.5.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehttpcomponentshttpmime4.5.5httpmime-4.5.5.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epository
etjpountzlz4lz41.3.0lz4-1.3.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomfasterxmljacksoncorejackson-core2.9.5jackson-core-2.9.5.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomgoogleguavaguava19.0guava-19.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryjoda-timejoda-time2.9.9joda-time-2.9.9.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehivehive-exec1.1.0hive-exec-1.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehivehive-ant1.1.0hive-ant-1.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachevelocityvelocity1.5velocity-1.5.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorooro2.0.8oro-2.0.8.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehivehive-metastore1.1.0hive-metastore-1.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomjolboxonecp.8.0.RELEASEonecp-0.8.0.RELEASE.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachederbyderby10.14.1.0derby-10.14.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgdatanucleusdatanucleus-api-jdo3.2.6datanucleus-api-jdo-3.2.6.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgdatanucleusdatanucleus-rdbms3.2.9datanucleus-rdbms-3.2.9.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycommons-poolcommons-pool1.6commons-pool-1.6.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycommons-dbcpcommons-dbcp1.4commons-dbcp-1.4.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryjavaxjdojdo-api3.0.1jdo-api-3.0.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryjavax	ransactionjta1.1jta-1.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehivehive-shims1.1.0hive-shims-1.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehiveshimshive-shims-common1.1.0hive-shims-common-1.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehiveshimshive-shims-0.20S1.1.0hive-shims-0.20S-1.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehiveshimshive-shims-0.231.1.0hive-shims-0.23-1.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehadoophadoop-yarn-server-resourcemanager2.6.0hadoop-yarn-server-resourcemanager-2.6.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomgoogleinjectextensionsguice-servlet3.0guice-servlet-3.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomgoogleinjectguice3.0guice-3.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryjavaxinjectjavax.inject1javax.inject-1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryaopallianceaopalliance1.0aopalliance-1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomsunjerseyjersey-json1.9jersey-json-1.9.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomsunxmlindjaxb-impl2.2.3-1jaxb-impl-2.2.3-1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgcodehausjacksonjackson-jaxrs1.8.3jackson-jaxrs-1.8.3.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgcodehausjacksonjackson-xc1.8.3jackson-xc-1.8.3.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomsunjerseycontribsjersey-guice1.9jersey-guice-1.9.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomsunjerseyjersey-server1.19.1jersey-server-1.19.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehadoophadoop-yarn-common2.6.0hadoop-yarn-common-2.6.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehadoophadoop-yarn-api2.6.0hadoop-yarn-api-2.6.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryjavaxxmlindjaxb-api2.3.0jaxb-api-2.3.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgcodehausjettisonjettison1.1jettison-1.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomsunjerseyjersey-core1.19.1jersey-core-1.19.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryjavaxws
sjsr311-api1.1.1jsr311-api-1.1.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycomsunjerseyjersey-client1.19.1jersey-client-1.19.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgmortbayjettyjetty-util6.1.26jetty-util-6.1.26.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehadoophadoop-yarn-server-common2.6.0hadoop-yarn-server-common-2.6.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgfusesourceleveldbjnileveldbjni-all1.8leveldbjni-all-1.8.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehadoophadoop-yarn-server-applicationhistoryservice2.6.0hadoop-yarn-server-applicationhistoryservice-2.6.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehadoophadoop-yarn-server-web-proxy2.6.0hadoop-yarn-server-web-proxy-2.6.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgmortbayjettyjetty6.1.26jetty-6.1.26.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehiveshimshive-shims-scheduler1.1.0hive-shims-scheduler-1.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycommons-httpclientcommons-httpclient3.0.1commons-httpclient-3.0.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycommons-loggingcommons-logging1.1.3commons-logging-1.1.3.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorylog4jlog4j1.2.16log4j-1.2.16.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorylog4japache-log4j-extras1.2.17apache-log4j-extras-1.2.17.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgantlrantlr-runtime3.4antlr-runtime-3.4.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgantlrstringtemplate3.2.1stringtemplate-3.2.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryantlrantlr2.7.7antlr-2.7.7.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgantlrST44.0.4ST4-4.0.4.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapacheantant1.9.1ant-1.9.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapacheantant-launcher1.9.1ant-launcher-1.9.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachecommonscommons-compress1.4.1commons-compress-1.4.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorg	ukaanixz1.0xz-1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapache	hriftlibfb303.9.2libfb303-0.9.2.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachecuratorcurator-framework4.0.1curator-framework-4.0.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgcodehausgroovygroovy-all2.4.15groovy-all-2.4.15.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgdatanucleusdatanucleus-core3.2.10datanucleus-core-3.2.10.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachecalcitecalcite-core1.0.0-incubatingcalcite-core-1.0.0-incubating.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachecalcitecalcite-linq4j1.0.0-incubatingcalcite-linq4j-1.0.0-incubating.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryeigenbaseeigenbase-properties1.1.4eigenbase-properties-1.1.4.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgcodehausjaninojanino3.0.8janino-3.0.8.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgcodehausjaninocommons-compiler2.7.6commons-compiler-2.7.6.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachecalcitecalcite-avatica1.0.0-incubatingcalcite-avatica-1.0.0-incubating.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorystaxstax-api1.0.1stax-api-1.0.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryjlinejline2.12jline-2.12.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgslf4jslf4j-log4j121.7.25slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehivehive-jdbc1.1.0hive-jdbc-1.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehivehive-common1.1.0hive-common-1.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehivehive-service1.1.0hive-service-1.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epository
etsfjpamjpam1.1jpam-1.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgeclipsejettyaggregatejetty-all7.6.0.v20120127jetty-all-7.6.0.v20120127.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryjavaxservletservlet-api2.5servlet-api-2.5.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachegeronimospecsgeronimo-jta_1.1_spec1.1.1geronimo-jta_1.1_spec-1.1.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryjavaxmailmail1.4.1mail-1.4.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryjavaxactivationactivation1.1activation-1.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachegeronimospecsgeronimo-jaspic_1.0_spec1.0geronimo-jaspic_1.0_spec-1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachegeronimospecsgeronimo-annotation_1.0_spec1.1.1geronimo-annotation_1.0_spec-1.1.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryasmasm-commons3.1asm-commons-3.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryasmasm-tree3.1asm-tree-3.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryasmasm3.1asm-3.1.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehivehive-serde1.1.0hive-serde-1.1.0.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epository
etsfopencsvopencsv2.3opencsv-2.3.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositorycom	witterparquet-hadoop-bundle1.6.0rc3parquet-hadoop-bundle-1.6.0rc3.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapachehttpcomponentshttpcore4.4.9httpcore-4.4.9.jar;C:UsersMy.m2
epositoryorgapache	hriftlibthrift.9.2libthrift-0.9.2.jar com.aidata.utils.SimpleDateFormatUnSafeDemo
Exception in thread "Thread-1" java.lang.NumberFormatException: empty String
    at sun.misc.FloatingDecimal.readJavaFormatString(FloatingDecimal.java:1842)
    at sun.misc.FloatingDecimal.parseDouble(FloatingDecimal.java:110)
    at java.lang.Double.parseDouble(Double.java:538)
    at java.text.DigitList.getDouble(DigitList.java:169)
    at java.text.DecimalFormat.parse(DecimalFormat.java:2089)
    at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.subParse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1869)
    at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.parse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1514)
    at java.text.DateFormat.parse(DateFormat.java:364)
    at com.aidata.utils.SimpleDateFormatUnSafeDemo$1.run(SimpleDateFormatUnSafeDemo.java:27)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Wed Dec 12 12:12:12 GMT+08:00 2018
Wed Dec 12 12:12:12 GMT+08:00 2018
Wed Dec 12 12:12:12 GMT+08:00 2018
Wed Dec 12 12:12:12 GMT+08:00 2018
Wed Dec 12 12:12:12 GMT+08:00 2018
Wed Dec 12 12:12:12 GMT+08:00 2018
Wed Dec 12 12:12:12 GMT+08:00 2018
Wed Dec 12 12:12:12 GMT+08:00 2018
Wed Dec 12 12:12:12 GMT+08:00 2018

Process finished with exit code 0

第27行报错,即标黄的那一行

全局使用同一个Calender对象,如果线程没有同步措施的话,很可能会造成线程安全问题

 如,线程一执行上面红色代码,线程二得到执行下面黄色代码,当线程一继续执行时,数据已被线程二清空,此时会报错。

解决

/**
 *  创建十个线程,将字符串"2018-12-12 12:12:12"转换为Date对象后打印到控制台上
 **/
public class SimpleDateFormatUnSafeDemo {
    final static SimpleDateFormat SIMPLE_DATE_FORMAT = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 循环十次,创建是个线程对象并启动
        for (int i=0; i<10; i++){
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try{
                        synchronized (SIMPLE_DATE_FORMAT){
                            Date date = SIMPLE_DATE_FORMAT.parse("2018-12-12 12:12:12");
                            System.out.println(date);
                        }
                    } catch (ParseException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

另外,java.util.Date和java.util.Calender类之前,枚举类型(ENUM)还没有出现,所以字段中使用整数常量导致整数常量都是可变的,而不是线程安全的。为了处理实际开发中遇到的问题,标准库随后引入了java.sql.Data作为java.util.Date的子类,但还是没有彻底解决问题。

Java8新日期时间类的使用

Instant类

  • 对时间轴上的单一瞬时点建模,可以用于记录应用程序中的事件时间戳,在之后学习的类型转换中,均可以使用Instant类作为中间类完成转换。

Duration类

  • 表示秒或纳秒时间间隔,适合处理较短时间,需要更高的精确性 秒杀

Period类

  • 表示一段时间的年、月、日

LocalDate类

  • 是一个不可变的日期时间对象,表示日期,通常视为年月日 final修饰

LocalTime类

  • 是一个不可变的日期时间对象,表示时间,通常视为时分秒,时间表示为纳秒精度

LocalDateTime类

  • 是一个不可变的日期时间对象,代表日期时间,通常视为年月日时分秒

ZonedDateTime类

  • 是具有失去的日期时间的不可变表示,此类存储所有日期和时间字段,精度为纳秒,时区为区域偏移量,用于处理模糊的本地日期时间。

创建对象

now()方法

所有类均生成不可变的实例,它们是线程安全的,这些类不提供公共构造函数,也就是说没办法通过new创建,需要采用工厂方法实例化。

now方法可以根据当前日期和时间创建实例

public class Java8TimeDateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Instant instant = Instant.now();
        LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
        LocalTime localTime = LocalTime.now();
        LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
        ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();

        System.out.println("Instant: "+instant);
        System.out.println("LocalDate: "+localDate);
        System.out.println("LocalTime: "+localTime);
        System.out.println("LocalDateTime: "+localDateTime);
        System.out.println("ZonedDateTime: "+zonedDateTime);
    }
}

toSring方法都被重写了

结果

Instant: 2020-09-17T02:13:50.354Z 国际标准时
LocalDate: 2020-09-17
LocalTime: 10:13:50.377
LocalDateTime: 2020-09-17T10:13:50.378
ZonedDateTime: 2020-09-17T10:13:50.380+08:00[GMT+08:00]
public class Java8TimeDateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 使用now方法创建Year类的实例对象
        Year year = Year.now();
        // 使用now方法创建YearMonth类的实例对象
        YearMonth yearMonth = YearMonth.now();
        // 使用now方法创建MonthDay的实例对象
        MonthDay monthDay = MonthDay.now();

        System.out.println("year: "+year);
        System.out.println("yearMonth: "+yearMonth);
        System.out.println("monthDay: "+monthDay);
    }
}

结果

year: 2020
yearMonth: 2020-09
monthDay: --09-17

of()方法

上面的now都是当前时间节点,想要指定时间节点怎么办呢?

of方法可以根据给定的参数生成对应的日期/时间对象,基本上每个基本类都有of方法用于生成的对应的对象,而且重载形式多变,可以根据不同的参数生成对应的数据。

public class Java8TimeDateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /**
         * 初始化2018年8月8日的LocalDate对象
         */
        LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.of(2018, 8, 8);
        System.out.println("LocalDate: " + localDate);

        /**
         * 初始化晚上8点0分0秒的LocalTime对象 -> 如果是晚上的时间,需要加12
         * LocalTime.of 方法的重载形式有以下几种:
         *     LocalTime.of(int hour, int minute) -> 根据小时/分钟生成对象
         *     LocalTime.of(int hour, int minute, int second)
         *     LocalTime.of(int hour, int minute, int second, int nanOfSecond)
         * 注意:如果秒和纳秒是0的话,那么默认不会封装这些数据,只显示小时和分钟
         */
        LocalTime localTime = LocalTime.of(20, 0);
        System.out.println("LocalTime: " + localTime);

        /**
         * 初始化2018年8月8日下午8点0分的LocalDateTime对象
         * LocalDateTime.of方法重载形式有以下几种:
         *     LocalDateTime.of(int year, int month, int dayOfMonth, int hour, int minute, int second, int nanOfSecond)
         *     LocalDateTime.of(int year, int month, int dayOfMonth, int hour, int minute)
         */
        LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2018,8,8,20,0);
        System.out.println("LocalDateTime: " + localDateTime);

        /**
         * LodalDateTime的of方法特殊使用:
         *     LocalDateTime of(LocalDate date, LocalTime time)
         */
        LocalDate date = LocalDate.of(2020, 9, 18);
        LocalTime time = LocalTime.of(20, 0);
        LocalDateTime dateTime = LocalDateTime.of(date, time);
        System.out.println("SpecialLocalDateTime: " + dateTime);
    }
}

结果

LocalDate: 2018-08-08
LocalTime: 20:00
LocalDateTime: 2018-08-08T20:00
SpecialLocalDateTime: 2020-09-18T20:00

为LocalDateTime添加时区信息

ZonedDateTime对象里面封装的不仅有时间日期,并且还有偏移量+时区,那么时区如何在java中获取呢?通过提供的一个类ZoneId的getAvailableZoneIds方法可以获取到一个Set集合,集合中封装了600个时区。

获取所有时区

public class Java8TimeDateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Set<String> availableZoneIds = ZoneId.getAvailableZoneIds();
        for (String zoneId: availableZoneIds){
            System.out.println(zoneId);
        }
    }
}

当前系统默认时区

        ZoneId zoneId = ZoneId.systemDefault();
        System.out.println(zoneId);

可以通过给LocalDateTime添加时区来查看不同时区的时间,添加纽约的时区:

  • 封装时间LocalDateTime并添加时区信息
  • 更改时区信息查看对应的时间
public class Java8TimeDateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1.封装LocalDateTime对象,参数自定义 -> 2018年11月11日 8点54分38秒
        LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2018, 11, 11, 8, 54, 38);

        // 2.上面只是封装了时间,并没有时区相关的数据,所以要添加时区信息到对象中,使用atZone()方法
        ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = localDateTime.atZone(ZoneId.of("Asia/Shanghai"));
        System.out.println("Asia/Shanghai时区当前时间是: " + zonedDateTime);

        // 3.更改时区查看其他时区当前时间,通过withZoneSameInstant()方法即可更改
        ZonedDateTime tokyoZonedDateTime = zonedDateTime.withZoneSameInstant(ZoneId.of("Asia/Tokyo"));
        System.out.println("同一时刻,Asia/Tokyo时区当前时间是: " + tokyoZonedDateTime);

    }
}

结果

Asia/Shanghai时区当前时间是: 2018-11-11T08:54:38+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
同一时刻,Asia/Tokyo时区当前时间是: 2018-11-11T09:54:38+09:00[Asia/Tokyo]

Month枚举类

Month中包含了标准日历中的12个月份的常量(JANUARY-DECEMBER),也提供了一些方便的方法供我们使用。、

推荐在初始化LocalDate和LocalDateTime对象的时候,使用枚举的方式传入月份参数。

public class Java8TimeDateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2011, Month.NOVEMBER, 12, 17, 1);
        System.out.println(localDateTime);

        Month month = Month.of(12);
        System.out.println(month);

    }
}

Java枚举(enum)详解:Java声明枚举类型、枚举(enum)类、EnumMap 与 EnumSet

根据现有实例创建日期与时间对象

LocalDate、LocalTime、LocalDateTime一旦创建无法修改,不可改变,有利于线程安全。

想要修改某个日期/时间对象的现有实例时,可以使用plus和minus方法。返回的都是新的对象。

public class Java8TimeDateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.of(2016, 2, 12);
        System.out.println("当前时间是: " + localDate);

        LocalDate localDate1 = localDate.plusDays(4);
        System.out.println(localDate1 == localDate);

    }
}

结果

当前时间是: 2016-02-12
false

plusXxx方法

plus方法

/**
 * 小占查看自己的保险记录的时候看到还有2年3月8天就到期了,计算到期的时间是什么时候?
 */
public class Java8TimeDateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
        LocalDateTime endTime = now.plusYears(2).plusMonths(3).plusDays(8);
        System.out.println("当前时间是: " + now + ",到期时间是: " + endTime);
    }
}

结果

当前时间是: 2020-09-17T11:23:53.862,到期时间是: 2022-12-25T11:23:53.862

我们可以直接使用plus方法

plus(TemporalAmount amount)

TemporalAmount是一个接口,Period实现了这个接口

public class Java8TimeDateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();

        Period period = Period.of(2, 3, 8);
        LocalDateTime endTime1 = now.plus(period);
        System.out.println("当前时间是: " + now + ",到期时间是: " + endTime1);
    }
}

结果一样

 plus(long l, TemporaUnit unit) ,在实际开发中,可能还会更精准地去操作日期或者增加一些特殊的时间,如1个世纪,1个半天,10年等,Java8提供了这些日期的表示方式。

 TemporaUnit 是一个接口,可以使用实现类 ChronoUnit ,封装了很多时间段

CENTURIES
Unit that represents the concept of a century.
DAYS
Unit that represents the concept of a day.
DECADES
Unit that represents the concept of a decade.
ERAS
Unit that represents the concept of an era.
FOREVER
Artificial unit that represents the concept of forever.
HALF_DAYS
Unit that represents the concept of half a day, as used in AM/PM.
HOURS
Unit that represents the concept of an hour.
MICROS
Unit that represents the concept of a microsecond.
MILLENNIA
Unit that represents the concept of a millennium.
MILLIS
Unit that represents the concept of a millisecond.
MINUTES
Unit that represents the concept of a minute.
MONTHS
Unit that represents the concept of a month.
NANOS
Unit that represents the concept of a nanosecond, the smallest supported unit of time.
SECONDS
Unit that represents the concept of a second.
WEEKS
Unit that represents the concept of a week.
YEARS
Unit that represents the concept of a year.
/**
 * 结婚十年被称为锡婚,2020年2月2日11点11分11秒被称为对称日,如果该天结婚,锡婚会发生在什么时候?
 */
public class Java8TimeDateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalDateTime marryTime = LocalDateTime.of(2020, Month.FEBRUARY, 2, 11, 11, 11);
        LocalDateTime tinAnniversary = marryTime.plus(1, ChronoUnit.DECADES);
        System.out.println("锡婚发生在: " + tinAnniversary);
        // 锡婚后半天需要请客吃饭,半天的时间节点
        LocalDateTime treatTime = tinAnniversary.plus(1, ChronoUnit.HALF_DAYS);
        System.out.println("请客吃饭的时间: " + treatTime);
    }
}

结果

锡婚发生在: 2030-02-02T11:11:11
请客吃饭的时间: 2030-02-02T23:11:11

with方法

不需要对日期进行加减而是直接修改,用with方法

LocalDateTime withNano(int i) 修改纳秒,下同
LocalDateTime withSecond(int i)
LocalDateTime withMinute(int i)
LocalDateTime withHour(int i)
LocalDateTime withDayOfMonth(int i)
LocalDateTime withMonth(int i)
LocalDateTime withYear(int i)

如果有人给你了一个getTime()方法,这个方法的天总是不固定的,而这是一个错误,需要你将天定为每月的1号

此时不能使用plus了,因为不固定,使用with直接修改即可

public class Java8TimeDateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalDateTime time = getTime();
        LocalDateTime resultTime = time.withDayOfMonth(1);
        System.out.println("修改前: " + time);
        System.out.println("修改后: " + resultTime);
    }

    public static LocalDateTime getTime(){
        Random random = new Random();
        int day = random.nextInt(19);
        if (day == 0){
            day = 1;
        }
        return LocalDateTime.of(1999, 12, day, 12, 0);
    }
}

结果

修改前: 1999-12-17T12:00
修改后: 1999-12-01T12:00

 with(TemporalField, long newValue) 

使用TemporalFiled实现类ChronoField

第一个参数指定了修改的field

public class Java8TimeDateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalDateTime time = getTime();
        LocalDateTime resultTime = time.with(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH, 1); // 天改为1
        System.out.println("修改前: " + time);
        System.out.println("修改后: " + resultTime);
    }

    public static LocalDateTime getTime(){
        Random random = new Random();
        int day = random.nextInt(19);
        if (day == 0){
            day = 1;
        }
        return LocalDateTime.of(1999, 12, day, 12, 0);
    }
}

TemporalAdjuster与TemporalQuery

可实现一些复杂操作

 with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster) 

上面的参数是接口

TemporalAdjusters类

TemporalAdjuster是接口,该名字加了s后是个类

static TemporalAdjuster dayOfWeekInMonth(int ordinal, DayOfWeek dayOfWeek)
Returns the day-of-week in month adjuster, which returns a new date in the same month with the ordinal day-of-week.
static TemporalAdjuster firstDayOfMonth()
Returns the "first day of month" adjuster, which returns a new date set to the first day of the current month.
static TemporalAdjuster firstDayOfNextMonth()
Returns the "first day of next month" adjuster, which returns a new date set to the first day of the next month.
static TemporalAdjuster firstDayOfNextYear()
Returns the "first day of next year" adjuster, which returns a new date set to the first day of the next year.
static TemporalAdjuster firstDayOfYear()
Returns the "first day of year" adjuster, which returns a new date set to the first day of the current year.
static TemporalAdjuster firstInMonth(DayOfWeek dayOfWeek)
Returns the first in month adjuster, which returns a new date in the same month with the first matching day-of-week.
static TemporalAdjuster lastDayOfMonth()
Returns the "last day of month" adjuster, which returns a new date set to the last day of the current month.
static TemporalAdjuster lastDayOfYear()
Returns the "last day of year" adjuster, which returns a new date set to the last day of the current year.
static TemporalAdjuster lastInMonth(DayOfWeek dayOfWeek)
Returns the last in month adjuster, which returns a new date in the same month with the last matching day-of-week.
static TemporalAdjuster next(DayOfWeek dayOfWeek)
Returns the next day-of-week adjuster, which adjusts the date to the first occurrence of the specified day-of-week after the date being adjusted.
static TemporalAdjuster nextOrSame(DayOfWeek dayOfWeek)
Returns the next-or-same day-of-week adjuster, which adjusts the date to the first occurrence of the specified day-of-week after the date being adjusted unless it is already on that day in which case the same object is returned.
static TemporalAdjuster ofDateAdjuster(UnaryOperator<LocalDate> dateBasedAdjuster)
Obtains a TemporalAdjuster that wraps a date adjuster.
static TemporalAdjuster previous(DayOfWeek dayOfWeek)
Returns the previous day-of-week adjuster, which adjusts the date to the first occurrence of the specified day-of-week before the date being adjusted.
static TemporalAdjuster previousOrSame(DayOfWeek dayOfWeek)
Returns the previous-or-same day-of-week adjuster, which adjusts the date to the first occurrence of the specified day-of-week before the date being adjusted unless it is already on that day in which case the same object is returned.
public class Java8TimeDateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalDate now = LocalDate.now();

        LocalDate nextMonth = now.with(TemporalAdjusters.firstDayOfNextMonth());

        System.out.println("修改前: " + now);
        System.out.println("修改后: " + nextMonth);
    }
}

DayOfWeek枚举类

一周中星期几的枚举类

enum DayOfWeek {
    SUNDAY("Sun"),
    MONDAY("Mon"),
    TUESDAY("Tue"),
    WEDNESDAY("Wed"),
    THURSDAY("Thu"),
    FRIDAY("Fri"),
    SATURDAY("Sat");

    private final String abbr;

    private DayOfWeek(String abbr) {
        this.abbr = abbr;
    }

    String getAbbr() {
        return abbr;
    }

    int value() {
        return ordinal() + 1;
    }
}
public class Java8TimeDateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalDate now = LocalDate.now();
        // 将当前时间修改为下一个周日
        LocalDate nextMonth = now.with(TemporalAdjusters.next(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY));
        System.out.println("修改前: " + now);
        System.out.println("修改后: " + nextMonth);
    }
}

自定义TemporalAdjuster调节器

自定义日期时间的更改逻辑

  • 创建类实现接口TemporalAdjuster
  • 实现adjustInto()方法,传入一个日期的时间对象,完成逻辑后返回日期的时间对象
  • 通过with方法传入自定义调节器对象完成更改

函数式接口

有且仅有一个抽象方法的接口

/**
 * 假如员工一个中领取工资,发薪日是每个月的15号,如果发薪日是周末,则调整为周五
 * 之后会传入一个日期的时间对象,判断日期时间对象是不是15号,如果不是15号改为15号,如果是周六或周日改为周五(上一个)
 */
public class PayDayAdjuster implements TemporalAdjuster {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalDate payDay = LocalDate.of(2019, 12, 15);
        LocalDate realPayDay = LocalDate.from(new PayDayAdjuster().adjustInto(payDay));
        System.out.println("预计发薪日:" + payDay +" 真实发薪日: " + realPayDay);
    }

    @Override
    public Temporal adjustInto(Temporal temporal) {

        // 1.Temporal是日期时间类对象的父接口,实际上可以理解为传入的就是LocalDate或LocalTime对象,需要转换
        LocalDate payDay = LocalDate.from(temporal);
        // 2.判断当前封装的实际中的日期是不是当月15号,如果不是,则修改为15号
        int day;
        if (payDay.getDayOfMonth() != 15){
            day = 15;
        }else {
            day= payDay.getDayOfMonth();
        }
        LocalDate realPayDay = payDay.withDayOfMonth(day);
        // 3.判断realPayDay对象中封装的星期数是不是周六或周日,如果是改为上一个周五
        if (realPayDay.getDayOfWeek() == DayOfWeek.SUNDAY || realPayDay.getDayOfWeek() == DayOfWeek.SATURDAY){
            realPayDay =realPayDay.with(TemporalAdjusters.previous(DayOfWeek.FRIDAY));
        }
        return realPayDay;
    }
}

TemporalQuery的应用

LocalDate和LocalTime都有一个方法叫query,可以针对日期进行查询。

 R query(Temporal query) 这个方法是一个泛型方法,返回的数据就是传入的泛型类的类型,TemporalQuery是一个泛型接口,里面有一个抽象方法是R queryFrom(TemporalAccessor temporal),TemporalAccessor是Temporal的父接口,实际就是LocalDate、LocalDateTime相关类的顶级父接口,这个qureyFrom方法的实现逻辑就是,传入一个日期/时间对象通过自定义逻辑返回数据。

/**
 *   获取某一天距离下一个劳动节相隔天数
 **/
public class UtilDayQueryImpl implements TemporalQuery<Long> {

    @Override
    public Long queryFrom(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
        // 1.TemporalAccessor是LocalDate和LocalDateTime的顶级父接口,相当于LocalDate就是其实现类,将temporal转换为LocalDate进行使用
        LocalDate now = LocalDate.from(temporal);
        // 2.封装当年的劳动节实际
        LocalDate labDay = LocalDate.of(now.getYear(), Month.MAY, 1);
        // 3.判断当前实际是否已经超过了劳动,超过了则labDay+1年
        if(now.isAfter(labDay)){
            labDay = labDay.plusYears(1);
        }
        // 4.通过ChronoUnit的between方法计算两个时间点的差额
        long days = ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(now, labDay);
        return days;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalDate now = LocalDate.now();
        Long days = now.query(new UtilDayQueryImpl());
        System.out.println("当前的时间是: " + now + " ,距离下一个劳动节还有" + days + "天。");
    }
}

java.util.Date与java.time.LocalDate的转换

可以使用Instant类作为中介,也可以使用java.sql.Date和java.sql.Timestamp类提供的方法进行转换

使用Instant类

Java8给Date类和Calender类提供了toInstant()方法,将它们转为LocalDate对象。

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 初始化Date对象
        Date date = new Date();
        // 1.将Date对象转换为Instant对象
        Instant instant = date.toInstant();
        // 2.Date类包含日期和时间信息,但没有时区信息,通过Instant的atZone方法添加时区信息
        ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = instant.atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault());
        // 3.将ZonedDateTime通过toLocalDateTime转换
        LocalDateTime localDateTime = zonedDateTime.toLocalDateTime();
        System.out.println("转换之前Date对象是: " + date);
        System.out.println("转换之后Date对象是: " + localDateTime);
    }

使用java.sql.Date和java.sql.Timestamp类

TimeStamp是时间戳对象,通过传入一个毫秒值对象进行初始化。

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 初始化java.sql.Date对象
        Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
        // java.sql.Date类中自带转换为LocalDate的方法
        LocalDate localDate = date.toLocalDate();
        
        // 初始化java.sql.TimeStamp对象即时间戳对象
        // datetime
        Timestamp timeStamp =new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
        LocalDateTime localDate1 = timeStamp.toLocalDateTime();
    }

由上可知

可以将java.util.Date先转为java.sql.Date

java.sql.Date的构造可以接收毫秒值,而java.util.Date对象的getTime方法可以获取毫秒值

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        java.util.Date date = new java.util.Date();
        // 初始化java.sql.Date对象
        java.sql.Date date1 = new Date(date.getTime());
        // java.sql.Date类中自带转换为LocalDate的方法
        LocalDate localDate = date1.toLocalDate();
        
    }

Calender转为ZonedDateTime

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1.初始化Calender对象
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        // 2.Calender获取时区对象
        TimeZone timeZone = cal.getTimeZone();
        // 3.获取ZoneId
        ZoneId zoneId = timeZone.toZoneId();
        // 4.ZoneDateTime有一个方法Instant,可以将一个Instant对象和ZoneId对象封装为一个ZonedDate对象
        ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(cal.toInstant(), zoneId);
        System.out.println(zonedDateTime);
    }

Calender转为LocalDateTime

Calender可以得到年月日时分秒的信息,这些信息可以作为LocalDateTime构造方法的参数

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1.初始化Calender对象
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        // 2.通过get方法获得Calender对象中的信息
        int year = cal.get(Calendar.YEAR);
        int month = cal.get(Calendar.MONTH);
        int day = cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
        int hour = cal.get(Calendar.HOUR);
        int minute = cal.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
        int second = cal.get(Calendar.SECOND);
        // 3.将以上方法获得的参数作为参数 month从0开始,下面的month要加1
        LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(year, month+1, day, hour, minute ,second);
        System.out.println(localDateTime);
    }

日期的解析与格式化

SimpleDateFormat类是线程不安全的,Java8提供了新类DateTimeFormatter

DateTimeFormatter提供了大量的预定义格式化器,包括常量和模式字母以及本地化样式。

parse/format

通过时间日期对象的parse/format方法可以直接进行转换

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 初始化
        LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();

        // now()可以直接调用format方法进行格式化
        String s1 = now.format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE_TIME);
        String s2 = now.format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE);
        System.out.println(s1);
        System.out.println(s2);
        // 解析字符串。
        LocalDateTime time = LocalDateTime.parse(s1);
        System.out.println(time);
    }

结果

2020-09-17T14:45:32.553
2020-09-17
2020-09-17T14:45:32.553

ofLocalizedDate方法

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 初始化
        LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();

        // now()可以直接调用format方法进行格式化
        String s1 = now.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.FULL));
        String s2 = now.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.LONG));
        String s3 = now.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.MEDIUM));
        String s4 = now.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.SHORT));

        System.out.println(s1);
        System.out.println(s2);
        System.out.println(s3);
        System.out.println(s4);
    }

结果

2020年9月17日 星期四
2020年9月17日
2020-9-17
20-9-17

不同时区显示方式不一样,在其他时区可能不显示中文,根据系统默认时区

自定义格式化

可以通过DateTimeFormatter类提供的ofPattern方式创建自定义格式化器,格式化的写法与SimpleDateFormat相同。

  public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 初始化
        LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
        String dt = now.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm-ss"));
        System.out.println(dt);
    }

结果

2020-09-17 14:54-13

总结

小项目-万年历

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/aidata/p/13685231.html