15. 3Sum(中等)

Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a, b, c in S such that a + b + c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.

Note: The solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.

For example, given array S = [-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4],

A solution set is:
[
  [-1, 0, 1],
  [-1, -1, 2]
]

人家想法:
0. 先排序,再次注意C++排序的使用:sort(A.begin(), A.end());

  1. 固定1个值(用i指向),另两个值依据 sum=0 - A[i] 的情况,通过两个指针lo, hi 往中间扫;
    具体的:
  2. A[lo] + A[hi] == sum时,lo++, hi--;
  3. A[lo] + A[hi] < sum时,说明和太小,那就向右移动 lo 指针;
  4. A[lo] + A[hi] > sum时,说明和太大,那就向左移动 hi 指针;
  5. 消除i, lo, hi指针处的重复值 是另一个难点,注意观察下面程序咋做的.

自个代码及注释:
(O(n^2)) time, (O(1)) space.

vector<vector<int>> threeSum(vector<int>& A) {
	int n = A.size();
	sort(A.begin(), A.end());
	vector<vector<int>> res;
	for (int i = 0; i < n - 2; i++) {
		if (A[i] > 0) break;
		// 消除i处重复值
		if (i == 0 || (i > 0 && A[i] != A[i - 1])) {
			int lo = i + 1, hi = n - 1, sum = 0 - A[i];
			while (lo < hi) {
				if (A[lo] + A[hi] == sum) {
					// 精华之处
					// 若相等,则移动lo, hi,不可只移动lo或hi,因为这是增序
					vector<int> triplet(3, 0);
					triplet[0] = A[i];
					triplet[1] = A[lo];
					triplet[2] = A[hi];
					res.push_back(triplet);
					
					//消除lo,hi处重复值
					while (lo < hi && (A[lo] == A[lo + 1])) lo++;
					while (lo < hi && (A[hi] == A[hi - 1])) hi--;
					lo++; hi--;
				}
				//此处无需消除重复值,大不了lo,hi之和仍小于sum,继续移动就是了
				else if (A[lo] + A[hi] < sum) lo++;
				else hi--;
			}
		}
	}
	return res;
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ZhongliangXiang/p/7392387.html