《剑指offer》第三题I:找出数组中重复的数字

// 面试题3(一):找出数组中重复的数字,可修改数组
// 题目:在一个长度为n的数组里的所有数字都在0到n-1的范围内。数组中某些数字是重复的,但不知道有几个数字重复了,
// 也不知道每个数字重复了几次。请找出数组中任意一个重复的数字。例如,如果输入长度为7的数组{2, 3, 1, 0, 2, 5, 3},
// 那么对应的输出是重复的数字2或者3。

#include <cstdio>

bool duplicate(int* numbers, int length, int* num)
{
    //鲁棒性测试 1.空指针或者长度无效 2.超出0到n-1范围
    //问题1:少考虑了length<=0
    if (numbers == nullptr || length <= 0)
    {
        return false;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
    {
        if (numbers[i] < 0 || numbers[i] > length - 1)
        {
            return false;
        }
    }

    //主要思想:数组范围[0, n-1],无重复情况 numbers[i] = i
    //          将numbers[i]与其对应位置值做对比, 如果相等则为重复值,如不等交换值.
    for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
    {
        while (numbers[i] != i) //在本位置的跳过
        {
            if (numbers[i] == numbers[numbers[i]]) //与其位置值相等
            {
                *num = numbers[i];
                return true;
            }
            //不相等, 交换值
            int temp = numbers[i]; //temp为位置索引
            numbers[i] = numbers[temp];
            numbers[temp] = temp;

            //问题2:没有注意赋值顺序
            //int temp = numbers[numbers[i]]; //如先赋给numbers[i]
            //numbers[numbers[i]] = numbers[i]; //则numbers[numbers[i]]值非预期更改
            //numbers[i] = temp;
        }
    }
    return false;

}

// ====================测试代码====================
bool contains(int array[], int length, int number)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
    {
        if (array[i] == number)
            return true;
    }

    return false;
}

void test(const char* testName, int numbers[], int lengthNumbers, int expected[], int expectedExpected, bool validArgument)
{
    printf("%s begins: ", testName);

    int duplication;
    bool validInput = duplicate(numbers, lengthNumbers, &duplication);

    if (validArgument == validInput)
    {
        if (validArgument)
        {
            if (contains(expected, expectedExpected, duplication))
                printf("Passed.
");
            else
                printf("FAILED.
");
        }
        else
            printf("Passed.
");
    }
    else
        printf("FAILED.
");
}

// 重复的数字是数组中最小的数字
void test1()
{
    int numbers[] = { 2, 1, 3, 1, 4 };
    int duplications[] = { 1 };
    test("Test1", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int), true);
}

// 重复的数字是数组中最大的数字
void test2()
{
    int numbers[] = { 2, 4, 3, 1, 4 };
    int duplications[] = { 4 };
    test("Test2", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int), true);
}

// 数组中存在多个重复的数字
void test3()
{
    int numbers[] = { 2, 4, 2, 1, 4 };
    int duplications[] = { 2, 4 };
    test("Test3", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int), true);
}

// 没有重复的数字
void test4()
{
    int numbers[] = { 2, 1, 3, 0, 4 };
    int duplications[] = { -1 }; // not in use in the test function
    test("Test4", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int), false);
}

// 没有重复的数字
void test5()
{
    int numbers[] = { 2, 1, 3, 5, 4 };
    int duplications[] = { -1 }; // not in use in the test function
    test("Test5", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int), false);
}

// 无效的输入
void test6()
{
    int* numbers = nullptr;
    int duplications[] = { -1 }; // not in use in the test function
    test("Test6", numbers, 0, duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int), false);
}

void main()
{
    test1();
    test2();
    test3();
    test4();
    test5();
    test6();
}

//sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int)计算数组大小很巧妙
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ZSY-blog/p/12494826.html