.Net Self Hosting 的几种方式

写在前面:

IIS是Windows平台非常关键的组件,它是微软自带的Web服务器,可以很方便的帮助我们运行起一个网站,WebApi等服务,提供给外部来访问。即使它被很多java或者ruby的同学各种鄙视,被.Net平台的同学们吐槽性能不好,不够灵活,部署受限等等,它依然在默默的帮助我们非常轻松的构建起一个Web应用。在.Net Core中微软提供了更为强大的Web服务器 Kestrel ,它 是一个跨平台ASP.NET Core 的 web 服务器基于libuv,跨平台的异步 I/O 库。它可以单独使用来host一个web服务,也可以与反向代理服务器(如 IIS、Nginx 或 Apache)结合使用。 反向代理服务器接收到来自 Internet 的 HTTP 请求,并在进行一些初步处理后将这些请求转发到 Kestrel。

那么今天我们来聊一聊另外的两种可以self host的解决方案:

 第一种方式:Owin

Owin 是 Open Web Interface for .NET 的简称,从字面意思解释可以看出OWIN是针对.NET平台的开放Web接口。那Web接口是谁和谁之间的接口呢?是Web应用程序与Web服务器之间的 接口,OWIN就是.NET Web应用程序与Web服务器之间的接口。为什么需要这样一个接口呢?因为.NET Web应用程序是运行于Web服务器之中的,.NET Web应用程序需要通过Web服务器接收用户的请求,并且通过Web服务器将响应内容发送用户。如果没有这样一个接口,.NET Web应用程序就要依赖于所运行的具体Web服务器,比如ASP.NET应用程序要依赖于IIS。有了这个接口,ASP.NET应用程序只需依赖这个抽象接口,不用关心所运行的Web服务器。所以我们可以得出下面的结论:

OWIN的作用就是通过引入一组抽象接口,解耦了.NET Web应用程序与Web服务器,再次体现了接口的重要性。

而我们知道在软件开发中,每次解耦都是一次很大的进步。

更近一层我们可以理解为:OWIN是对ASP.NET Runtime的抽象。它将应用与服务器解耦, 使得便携式 .NET Web 应用以及跨平台的愿望成为现实, 标准的 OWIN 应用可以在任何OWIN 兼容的服务器上运行,不再依赖与 Windows 和 IIS,我们更可以不用装一大堆笨重的IDE(如 visual studio)来开发web应用程序,也不再那么的依赖于IIS去Host我们的程序。 我们可以用下面的一张图来表示它究竟可以做什么:

 具体使用如下:

新建EventsController 继承自:System.Web.Http.ApiController 

public class EventsController : ApiController
    {
        [Authorize]
        [Route("events")]
        public IEnumerable<Event> Get()
        {
            return GetAllEventsFromRepo();
        }

        [Route("events/{id}")]
        public Event GetById(Guid id)
        {
            return GetAllEventsFromRepo().First(x => x.EventId == id);
        }

        [Route("events")]
        public IEnumerable<Event> GetByType(string type)
        {
            return GetAllEventsFromRepo().Where(x => x.EventType.Equals(type, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase));
        }

        [Route("events")]
        public HttpResponseMessage Post(Event @event)
        {
            if (@event == null)
            {
                return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
            }

            return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Created);
        }

        private IEnumerable<Event> GetAllEventsFromRepo()
        {
            return new List<Event>
            {
                new Event
                {
                    EventId = Guid.Parse("45D80D13-D5A2-48D7-8353-CBB4C0EAABF5"),
                    Timestamp = DateTime.Parse("2014-06-30T01:37:41.0660548"),
                    EventType = "SearchView"
                },
                new Event
                {
                    EventId = Guid.Parse("83F9262F-28F1-4703-AB1A-8CFD9E8249C9"),
                    Timestamp = DateTime.Parse("2014-06-30T01:37:52.2618864"),
                    EventType = "DetailsView"
                },
                new Event
                {
                    EventId = Guid.Parse("3E83A96B-2A0C-49B1-9959-26DF23F83AEB"),
                    Timestamp = DateTime.Parse("2014-06-30T01:38:00.8518952"),
                    EventType = "SearchView"
                }
            };
        }
    }

然后新建一个Startup.cs的class,我们可以看到这里体现了Middleware(中间件)的思想,即插即用,熟悉.Net Core的同学的对它并不陌生。 

public class Startup
    {
        public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
        {
            var config = new HttpConfiguration();
            config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();

            app.UseWebApi(config);

            var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
            builder.RegisterApiControllers(typeof(EventsController).Assembly);
            var container = builder.Build();

            app.UseAutofacMiddleware(container);
            app.UseAutofacWebApi(config);
        }
    }

上面代码中的ContainerBuilder 是Autofac提供的功能,它可以让我们动态的注册Controller到容器中,还有一个非常重要的东西就是 HttpConfiguration,它用来表示 HttpServer 实例的配置。

然后我们只需要下面一句代码就可以让我们API 工作起来了:

WebApp.Start<TestStartup>("http://localhost:51502")

这样通过 http://localhost:51502 地址就可以访问我们的服务了,非常的简单。

 第二种方式:通过进程直接调用iisexpress.exe

iisexpress.exe我们很熟悉,它是windows平台自带的IIS 的运行文件,默认路径在: C:Program FilesIIS Express 目录下,我们可以在代码中创建进程运行起这个exe就可以了。具体代码如下:

public class IISExpress : IDisposable
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///     Stores whether this instance has been disposed.
        /// </summary>
        private bool _isDisposed;

        /// <summary>
        ///     Stores the IIS Express process.
        /// </summary>
        private Process _process;

        /// <summary>
        ///     Performs application-defined tasks associated with freeing, releasing, or resetting unmanaged resources.
        /// </summary>
        public void Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(true);
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Starts IIS Express using the specified directory path and port.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="directoryPath">
        /// The directory path.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="port">
        /// The port.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="address">
        /// The address.
        /// </param>
        public void Start(string directoryPath, int port, Uri address)
        {
            if (_process != null)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("The IISExpress process is already running.");
            }

            if (address != null)
            {
                try
                {
                    var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(address);
                    var webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();

                    if (webResponse.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK)
                    {
                        return;
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Trace.WriteLine(ex);
                }
            }

            var iisExpressPath = DetermineIisExpressPath();
            var arguments = string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "/path:"{0}" /port:{1}", directoryPath, port);

            var info = new ProcessStartInfo(iisExpressPath)
            {
                WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden,
                ErrorDialog = true,
                LoadUserProfile = true,
                CreateNoWindow = false,
                UseShellExecute = false,
                Arguments = arguments
            };

            var startThread = new Thread(() => StartIisExpress(info))
            {
                IsBackground = true
            };

            startThread.Start();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Releases unmanaged and - optionally - managed resources.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposing">
        /// <c>true</c> to release both managed and unmanaged resources; <c>false</c> to release only unmanaged resources.
        /// </param>
        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (_isDisposed)
            {
                return;
            }

            if (disposing)
            {
                if (_process != null)
                {
                    // Free managed resources
                    if (_process.HasExited == false)
                    {
                        SendStopMessageToProcess(_process.Id);
                        _process.Close();
                    }

                    _process.Dispose();
                }
            }

            // Free native resources if there are any
            _isDisposed = true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Determines the IIS express path.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        ///     A <see cref="String" /> instance.
        /// </returns>
        private static string DetermineIisExpressPath()
        {
            string iisExpressPath;

            if (Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem)
            {
                iisExpressPath = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ProgramFilesX86);
            }
            else
            {
                iisExpressPath = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ProgramFiles);
            }

            iisExpressPath = Path.Combine(iisExpressPath, @"C:Program FilesIIS Expressiisexpress.exe");

            return iisExpressPath;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The send stop message to process.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="processId">
        /// The process id.
        /// </param>
        private static void SendStopMessageToProcess(int processId)
        {
            try
            {
                for (var ptr = NativeMethods.GetTopWindow(IntPtr.Zero);
                     ptr != IntPtr.Zero;
                     ptr = NativeMethods.GetWindow(ptr, 2))
                {
                    uint num;
                    NativeMethods.GetWindowThreadProcessId(ptr, out num);
                    if (processId == num)
                    {
                        var handle = new HandleRef(null, ptr);
                        NativeMethods.PostMessage(handle, 0x12, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero);
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (ArgumentException)
            {
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Starts the IIS express.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="info">
        /// The info.
        /// </param>
        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Design", "CA1031:DoNotCatchGeneralExceptionTypes",
            Justification = "Required here to ensure that the instance is disposed.")]
        private void StartIisExpress(ProcessStartInfo info)
        {
            try
            {
                _process = Process.Start(info);

                _process.WaitForExit();
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                Dispose();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///     The native methods.
        /// </summary>
        private static class NativeMethods
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// The get top window.
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="hWnd">
            /// The h wnd.
            /// </param>
            /// <returns>
            /// The <see cref="IntPtr"/>.
            /// </returns>
            [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern IntPtr GetTopWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

            /// <summary>
            /// The get window.
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="hWnd">
            /// The h wnd.
            /// </param>
            /// <param name="uCmd">
            /// The u cmd.
            /// </param>
            /// <returns>
            /// The <see cref="IntPtr"/>.
            /// </returns>
            [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern IntPtr GetWindow(IntPtr hWnd, uint uCmd);

            /// <summary>
            /// The get window thread process id.
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="hwnd">
            /// The hwnd.
            /// </param>
            /// <param name="lpdwProcessId">
            /// The lpdw process id.
            /// </param>
            /// <returns>
            /// The <see cref="uint"/>.
            /// </returns>
            [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern uint GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hwnd, out uint lpdwProcessId);

            /// <summary>
            /// The post message.
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="hWnd">
            /// The h wnd.
            /// </param>
            /// <param name="Msg">
            /// The msg.
            /// </param>
            /// <param name="wParam">
            /// The w param.
            /// </param>
            /// <param name="lParam">
            /// The l param.
            /// </param>
            /// <returns>
            /// The <see cref="bool"/>.
            /// </returns>
            [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
            [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern bool PostMessage(HandleRef hWnd, uint Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
        }
    

代码比较简单,大家都能看得懂,我们只需要指定需要host的文件目录,访问端口,以及公开Uri地址就可以了,这样就能调用起IIS的服务,帮助我们host服务。

写在最后:

可能不仅限于这两种方式,我只是把我最近使用到的两种方式分享给出来,如果大家有更好的方式,欢迎交流分享。 

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Wolfmanlq/p/7995193.html