1 Mysql基本操作
1.1 查询当前数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dev |
| guohua |
| jumpserver |
| mysql |
| oldboy |
| oldgirl |
| performance_schema |
| spdb |
| wordpress |
+--------------------+
10 rows in set (0.25 sec)
1.2 查询特定库的表
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| innodb_index_stats |
| innodb_table_stats |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| proxies_priv |
| servers |
| slave_master_info |
| slave_relay_log_info |
| slave_worker_info |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
28 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.3 查看特定表的全部字段
mysql> desc db;
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| Db | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |
| Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Update_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| References_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Index_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Event_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
22 rows in set (0.01 sec)
#使用如下命令将建表语句全部列出来
mysql> show create table dbG;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: db
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `db` (
`Host` char(60) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Db` char(64) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`User` char(16) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Select_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Insert_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Update_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Delete_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Drop_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Grant_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`References_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Index_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Alter_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_tmp_table_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Lock_tables_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_view_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Show_view_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_routine_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Alter_routine_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Execute_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Event_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Trigger_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
PRIMARY KEY (`Host`,`Db`,`User`),
KEY `User` (`User`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='Database privileges'
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.4 查看当前登录的用户
mysql> select user();
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.5 查看当前正在使用的数据库
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| mysql |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.6 创建一个新库
mysql> create database zabbix;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.38 sec)
1.7 创建一个新表
mysql> create table user(id int(4),name char(40),tel int(11));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)
mysql> show create table userG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: user
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL,
`tel` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.8 查看当前mysql数据版本
mysql> select version();
+------------+
| version() |
+------------+
| 5.6.40-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.9 查看Mysql当前状态
mysql> show status;
+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
| Aborted_clients | 0 |
| Aborted_connects | 14 |
| Binlog_cache_disk_use | 0 |
| Binlog_cache_use | 0 |
| Binlog_stmt_cache_disk_use | 0 |
| Binlog_stmt_cache_use | 4 |
| Bytes_received | 1343 |
| Bytes_sent | 34853 |
| Com_admin_commands | 0 |
| Com_assign_to_keycache | 0 |
| Com_alter_db | 0 |
| Com_alter_db_upgrade | 0 |
| Com_alter_event | 0 |
| Com_alter_function | 0 |
| Com_alter_procedure | 0 |
| Com_alter_server | 0 |
| Com_alter_table | 0 |
| Com_alter_tablespace | 0 |
| Com_alter_user | 0 |
| Com_analyze | 0 |
| Com_begin | 0 |
| Com_binlog | 0 |
| Com_call_procedure | 0 |
| Com_change_db | 2 |
1.10 查看Mysql参数
mysql> show variablesG;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Variable_name: auto_increment_increment
Value: 1
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Variable_name: auto_increment_offset
Value: 1
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Variable_name: autocommit
Value: ON
*************************** 4. row ***************************
Variable_name: automatic_sp_privileges
Value: ON
*************************** 5. row ***************************
Variable_name: avoid_temporal_upgrade
Value: OFF
1.11 修改Mysql的参数max_connect_errors
mysql> show variables like 'max_connect%';
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| max_connect_errors | 100 |
| max_connections | 151 |
+--------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> set global max_connect_errors = 1000;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'max_connect%';#类似shell命令行*通配符
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| max_connect_errors | 1000 |
| max_connections | 151 |
+--------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#set global临时更改参数，如果永久修改则需要在/etc/my.cnf配置文件中修改
1.12 查看当前Mysql服务器的队列
mysql> show processlist;
+----+------+------------------+--------+-------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+------------------+--------+-------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| 2 | rep | 10.0.0.251:55984 | NULL | Binlog Dump | 3109 | Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated | NULL |
| 23 | root | localhost | zabbix | Query | 0 | init | show processlist |
+----+------+------------------+--------+-------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#查看当前Mysql在做什么操作，也可以是否有锁表
1.13 创建一个普通用户并授权
mysql> grant all on *.* to zabbix identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#本地创建一个zabbix用户，授权所有权限
mysql> grant all on zabbix.* to 'zabbix01'@'10.0.0.251' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
#指定特定的网络机器登录mysql数据库并授权zabbix数据库下的所有表
mysql> grant all on zabbix.* to 'zabbix02'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#指定所有主机登录mysql数据库并授权zabbix数据库下的所有表
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user where user like 'zabbix%';
+----------+------------+
| user | host |
+----------+------------+
| zabbix | % |
| zabbix02 | % |
| zabbix01 | 10.0.0.251 |
+----------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2 Mysql语句操作
2.1 查询语句
第一种查询方式：
mysql> select count(*) from mysql.user;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 7 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
第二种查询方式：
mysql> select * from mysql.user;
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------+
| user | host |
+-----------+------------+
| zabbix | % |
| zabbix02 | % |
| rep | 10.0.0.% |
| zabbix01 | 10.0.0.251 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
| wordpress | localhost |
+-----------+------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user where user like 'zabbix%';
+----------+------------+
| user | host |
+----------+------------+
| zabbix | % |
| zabbix02 | % |
| zabbix01 | 10.0.0.251 |
+----------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.2 插入语句
mysql> insert into zabbix.user values(3,'test',1111111111),(4,'boy',222222222);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from zabbix.user where name='test' or name='boy';
+------+------+------------+
| id | name | tel |
+------+------+------------+
| 3 | test | 1111111111 |
| 4 | boy | 222222222 |
+------+------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.3 更新表语句
mysql> update zabbix.user set name='girl' where id=3;
Query OK, 1 row affected (1.69 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from zabbix.user where id=3;
+------+------+------------+
| id | name | tel |
+------+------+------------+
| 3 | girl | 1111111111 |
+------+------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.4 清空表语句
mysql> truncate table zabbix.user;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> select * from zabbix.user;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
2.5 删除表语句
mysql> drop table zabbix.user;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.34 sec)
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
2.6 删除数据库
mysql> show databases like 'zabbix%';
+--------------------+
| Database (zabbix%) |
+--------------------+
| zabbix |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop database zabbix;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
mysql> show databases like 'zabbix%';
Empty set (0.00 sec)
3 Mysql数据备份与恢复
3.1 Mysql备份
[root@web01 ~]# mysqldump -u root -p123456 wordpress > /tmp/wordpress_
$(date +%F).sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@web01 ~]# ls -l /tmp/
total 784
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 801875 Nov 11 17:33 wordpress_2018-11-11.sql
3.2 Mysql恢复
#删除原wordpress数据库
[root@web01 ~]# mysql -u root -p123456 -e 'drop database wordpress;'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
#查看原wordpress数据库是否删除成功
[root@web01 ~]# mysql -u root -p123456 -e "show databases";
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dev |
| guohua |
| jumpserver |
| mysql |
| oldboy |
| oldgirl |
| performance_schema |
| spdb |
+--------------------+
#创建空的wordpress数据库
[root@web01 ~]# mysql -u root -p123456 -e "create database wordpress";
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
#查看新的wordpress数据是否新建完成
[root@web01 ~]# mysql -u root -p123456 -e "show databases like 'wordpress%'";
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+-----------------------+
| Database (wordpress%) |
+-----------------------+
| wordpress |
+-----------------------+
#从以备份的wordpress恢复wordpres数据库
[root@web01 ~]# mysql -u root -p123456 wordpress < /tmp/wordpress_2018-11-11.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
#检查wordpress库是否恢复成功
[root@web01 ~]# mysql -u root -p123456 -e "use wordpress;show tables;"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+-------------------------+
| Tables_in_wordpress |
+-------------------------+
| wolf_commentmeta |
| wolf_comments |
| wolf_links |
| wolf_options |
| wolf_postmeta |
| wolf_posts |
| wolf_term_relationships |
| wolf_term_taxonomy |
| wolf_termmeta |
| wolf_terms |
| wolf_usermeta |
| wolf_users |
+-------------------------+