Generics Variance

http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/64031/designandimplementationofgenerics.pdf

Variance and Generalized Constraints for C Generics

http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/64042/ecoop06.pdf

https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ericlippert/tag/covariance-and-contravariance/

Formalization of Generics for the .NET Common Language Runtime

http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=64032

Combining Generics, Pre-compilation and Sharing Between Software-Based Processes

http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=69129