我们知道启用innodb_file_per_table选项后，单个表(InnoDB引擎)的数据和索引放入单独的文件中(.ibd)，建表语句保存在.frm文件中
本文假设192.168.85.132,3306实例无法启动(磁盘还能访问)，需要将原实例下的replcrash.py_user表恢复到192.168.85.132,3308实例
一、.frm得到建表语句
mysqlfrm可以读取.frm文件并从该文件中找到表定义数据生成CREATE语句。在大多数情况下，生成的CREATE语句用于在另一个服务器上创建表或进行诊断等。
1.1、操作模式
默认模式，使用--basedir或者--server选项生成一个临时实例，该模式需要指定--port选项给临时实例使用，该端口不能与现有的实例冲突。在读取.frm文件后，临时实例将被关闭，所有的临时文件将被删除。
诊断模式，使用--diagnostic选项。byte-by-byte读取.frm文件，尽可能多的恢复信息。
诊断模式可能遇到的问题
• 不能解读character set/collation values，这会影响到多字节字符列大小
• 不能读取默认值
• 生成的create语句可能会有语法错误
当使用默认模式无法读取文件，或者服务器上没有安装MySQL实例时就使用诊断模式~~
1.2、mysqlfrm安装使用
1、安装 # mysql-utilities依赖mysql-connector-python >= 2.0.0 [root@ZST1 tools]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/Connector-Python/mysql-connector-python-2.1.7-1.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@ZST1 tools]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQLGUITools/mysql-utilities-1.6.5-1.el6.noarch.rpm # 安装 [root@ZST1 tools]# yum localinstall mysql-connector-python-2.1.7-1.el6.x86_64.rpm -y [root@ZST1 tools]# yum localinstall mysql-utilities-1.6.5-1.el6.noarch.rpm -y 2、使用 # default mode # --basedir [root@ZST1 ~]# mysqlfrm --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user.frm --port=3333 --user=root # --server [root@ZST1 ~]# mysqlfrm --server=mydba:mysql5719@192.168.85.132:3306 /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user.frm --port=3333 --user=root 官方不推荐使用root用户Running spawned server # diagnostic mode [root@ZST1 ~]# mysqlfrm --diagnostic /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user.frm
故障实例OFFLINE状态，建议使用--basedir得到建表语句
1.3、mysqlfrm逻辑(default mode)
在命令行末尾添加 -vvv 可以查看执行详细步骤
[root@ZST1 ~]# mysqlfrm --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user.frm --port=3333 --user=root -vvv # Checking read access to .frm files # Creating a temporary datadir = /tmp/tmpktcZWc # Spawning server with --user=root. # Starting the spawned server on port 3333 ... # Cloning the MySQL server located at /usr/local/mysql. # Configuring new instance... # Locating mysql tools... # Location of files: # mysqld: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld # mysqladmin: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin # Setting up empty database and mysql tables... 2017-12-28T09:36:22.383542Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2017-12-28T09:36:24.528222Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2017-12-28T09:36:24.936974Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2017-12-28T09:36:25.019189Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 925a5f84-ebb2-11e7-a13e-000c29c1025c. 2017-12-28T09:36:25.024957Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2017-12-28T09:36:25.025657Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option. # Starting new instance of the server... # Startup command for new server: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --no-defaults --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/tmp/tmpktcZWc --pid-file=/tmp/tmpktcZWc/clone.pid --port=3333 --server-id=101 --socket=/tmp/tmpktcZWc/mysql.sock --tmpdir=/tmp/tmpktcZWc --user=root # Testing connection to new instance... 2017-12-28T09:36:29.346999Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2017-12-28T09:36:29.369718Z 0 [Note] --secure-file-priv is set to NULL. Operations related to importing and exporting data are disabled 2017-12-28T09:36:29.369837Z 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.7.19) starting as process 9382 ... 2017-12-28T09:36:29.387216Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available 2017-12-28T09:36:29.387287Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2017-12-28T09:36:29.387309Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Uses event mutexes 2017-12-28T09:36:29.387334Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: GCC builtin __sync_synchronize() is used for memory barrier 2017-12-28T09:36:29.387353Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 2017-12-28T09:36:29.387372Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2017-12-28T09:36:29.388729Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Number of pools: 1 2017-12-28T09:36:29.389559Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 2017-12-28T09:36:29.396790Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 128M, instances = 1, chunk size = 128M 2017-12-28T09:36:29.413527Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2017-12-28T09:36:29.419969Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: page_cleaner coordinator priority: -20 2017-12-28T09:36:29.434005Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda. 2017-12-28T09:36:29.503503Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables 2017-12-28T09:36:29.503705Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ... 2017-12-28T09:36:30.110625Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB. 2017-12-28T09:36:30.113767Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 96 redo rollback segment(s) are active. 2017-12-28T09:36:30.113804Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active. 2017-12-28T09:36:30.114361Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start # trying again... 2017-12-28T09:36:30.165192Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 5.7.19 started; log sequence number 2539315 2017-12-28T09:36:30.165487Z 0 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 2017-12-28T09:36:30.175080Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /tmp/tmpktcZWc/ib_buffer_pool 2017-12-28T09:36:30.176769Z 0 [Warning] Failed to set up SSL because of the following SSL library error: SSL context is not usable without certificate and private key 2017-12-28T09:36:30.176801Z 0 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 3333 2017-12-28T09:36:30.176922Z 0 [Note] IPv6 is available. 2017-12-28T09:36:30.176941Z 0 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::'; 2017-12-28T09:36:30.176987Z 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'. 2017-12-28T09:36:30.190355Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 171228 17:36:30 2017-12-28T09:36:30.211166Z 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events 2017-12-28T09:36:30.211365Z 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.7.19' socket: '/tmp/tmpktcZWc/mysql.sock' port: 3333 MySQL Community Server (GPL) 2017-12-28T09:36:30.211377Z 0 [Note] Executing 'SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;' to get a list of tables using the deprecated partition engine. You may use the startup option '--disable-partition-engine-check' to skip this check. 2017-12-28T09:36:30.211381Z 0 [Note] Beginning of list of non-natively partitioned tables 2017-12-28T09:36:30.241025Z 0 [Note] End of list of non-natively partitioned tables # trying again... # Success! # Setting the root password... mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety. # Connection Information: # -uroot -proot --socket=/tmp/tmpktcZWc/mysql.sock #...done. 2017-12-28T09:36:31.297094Z 3 [Note] Aborted connection 3 to db: 'unconnected' user: 'root' host: 'localhost' (Got an error reading communication packets) # Connecting to spawned server done. # Reading .frm files # # Reading the py_user.frm file. # Changing engine for .frm file /tmp/tmpktcZWc/replcrash_temp/py_user.frm: # Skipping to header at : 2 # General Data from .frm file: {'IO_SIZE': 4096, 'MYSQL_VERSION_ID': 50719, 'avg_row_length': 0, 'charset_low': 0, 'create_options': 9, 'db_create_pack': 2, 'default_charset': 33, 'default_part_eng': 0, 'extra_size': 33, 'frm_file_ver': 5, 'frm_version': 10, 'key_block_size': 0, 'key_info_length': 33, 'key_length': 361, 'legacy_db_type': 'INNODB', 'length': 12288, 'max_rows': 0, 'min_rows': 0, 'rec_length': 138, 'row_type': 0, 'table_charset': 33, 'tmp_key_length': 361} # Engine string: InnoDB # Server version in file: 5.7.19 # # CREATE statement for /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user.frm: # CREATE TABLE `replcrash`.`py_user` ( `uid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL, `add_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL, `server_id` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`uid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 # Shutting down spawned server # Removing the temporary datadir 2017-12-28T09:36:31.471827Z 0 [Note] Giving 0 client threads a chance to die gracefully 2017-12-28T09:36:31.471874Z 0 [Note] Shutting down slave threads 2017-12-28T09:36:31.471891Z 0 [Note] Forcefully disconnecting 0 remaining clients 2017-12-28T09:36:31.471908Z 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Purging the queue. 0 events 2017-12-28T09:36:31.473626Z 0 [Note] Binlog end 2017-12-28T09:36:31.473789Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'ngram' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.473820Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'BLACKHOLE' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.473839Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'ARCHIVE' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.473853Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'partition' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.473866Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_VIRTUAL' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.473880Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.473893Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.473905Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_COLS' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.473918Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.473931Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FIELDS' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.473943Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.473956Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_INDEXES' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.473969Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.473981Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLES' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474010Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474024Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474036Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_CONFIG' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474156Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474175Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_DELETED' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474188Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474214Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_METRICS' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474227Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474241Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474256Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474269Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474281Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474303Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474317Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474330Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMPMEM' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474343Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_RESET' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474356Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474369Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_LOCK_WAITS' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474382Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_LOCKS' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474395Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_TRX' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474407Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'InnoDB' 2017-12-28T09:36:31.474590Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2017-12-28T09:36:31.476410Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2017-12-28T09:36:31.577509Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Dumping buffer pool(s) to /tmp/tmpktcZWc/ib_buffer_pool 2017-12-28T09:36:31.577612Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Cannot open '/tmp/tmpktcZWc/ib_buffer_pool.incomplete' for writing: No such file or directory 2017-12-28T09:36:33.117642Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 2539334 2017-12-28T09:36:33.117712Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MEMORY' 2017-12-28T09:36:33.117727Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA' 2017-12-28T09:36:33.117761Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MRG_MYISAM' 2017-12-28T09:36:33.117767Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MyISAM' 2017-12-28T09:36:33.117783Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'CSV' 2017-12-28T09:36:33.117790Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password' 2017-12-28T09:36:33.117794Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_password' 2017-12-28T09:36:33.117966Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'binlog' 2017-12-28T09:36:33.118884Z 0 [Note] Unable to delete pid file: No such file or directory 2017-12-28T09:36:33.118898Z 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete [root@ZST1 ~]#
• 检查读取.frm文件的权限
• 创建临时datadir
• 克隆生成新实例
• 启动、连接新实例
• 读取.frm文件，生成create语句
• 关闭新实例，删除临时datadir
mysqlfrm的使用参考：5.13 mysqlfrm — File reader for .frm files、3.3.2 How do you recover the CREATE statement from a damaged or offline server?
二、恢复表数据
这里用到表空间传输，恢复环境使用mysqlfrm得到语句创建相同结构的数据表，然后discard表空间，拷贝故障实例下的ibd文件并修改权限，重新载入表空间，载入过程会有警告，但不影响数据的读取
# 将mysqlfrm得到建表语句拷贝到192.168.85.132,3308上执行 mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [(none)]> use replcrash; mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [replcrash]> drop table if exists py_user; # 执行mysqlfrm得到的create语句 mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [replcrash]> CREATE TABLE `replcrash`.`py_user` ( -> `uid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, -> `name` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL, -> `add_time` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, -> `server_id` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL, -> PRIMARY KEY (`uid`) -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec) # discard 表空间 mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [replcrash]> alter table py_user discard tablespace; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.86 sec) # 拷贝ibd文件，并修改权限 [root@ZST1 ~]# scp /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user.ibd 192.168.85.132:/data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/ [root@ZST1 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user.ibd # 载入表空间 mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [replcrash]> alter table py_user import tablespace; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.24 sec) mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [replcrash]> show warnings; +---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Level | Code | Message | +---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Warning | 1810 | InnoDB: IO Read error: (2, No such file or directory) Error opening './replcrash/py_user.cfg', will attempt to import without schema verification | +---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) # 查询数据是否一致 mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [replcrash]> select * from py_user; +-----+------------------------------+---------------------+-----------+ | uid | name | add_time | server_id | +-----+------------------------------+---------------------+-----------+ | 1 | U4F9ZKZTJ9GK6RFV4A3EEJ | 2017-12-21 10:46:44 | 1323306 | | 2 | IB1FSWGFEH5CGIT4FWEZK81V | 2017-12-21 10:47:14 | 1323306 | | 3 | 9N9TF1C8SEGKXNHBUE6CPOXD0IUU | 2017-12-21 10:47:15 | 1323306 | | 4 | TEBD44BM3E0NZPSIVGI79Z | 2017-12-21 10:47:16 | 1323306 | | 5 | XS8Z2W2XIDIB5Y4TMF78L9INM7 | 2017-12-21 10:47:17 | 1323306 | | 6 | OP65BAJ6MNI1W02PNMJGHXX | 2017-12-21 10:47:18 | 1323306 | | 7 | 19R173XU7QXRPG21413BYMWMY1 | 2017-12-21 10:47:19 | 1323306 | | 8 | 768NGEAGK0VJ57MW98SG | 2017-12-21 10:58:02 | 1323306 | | 9 | 9EDYG3U7LFL80WIDKSV5JTI | 2017-12-21 11:03:41 | 1323306 | +-----+------------------------------+---------------------+-----------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
三、表空间传输
该功能在MySQL5.6后引入，针对InnoDB独立表空间，可以把一个表Copy到另一个实例
使用该功能前提：
• 使用innodb_file_per_table
• 在做表导出时(export->copy data)，只允许read-only事务
• 导入导出的数据库data page size必须一致
• 在MySQL 5.7.4以前不能对分区表做分区迁移
• 对于使用外键的表，导入导出不支持，可以通过set foreign_key_check=0;强制忽略。但对于分区表，目前不能进行操作
3.1、普通表的表空间传输
前面重新载入表空间时出现了警告，是因为我们假设3306实例出现故障，数据库无法启动，因此不能按照正常的表空间传输步骤操作
# InnoDB表空间传输迁移数据 1、迁出实例3306 mydba@192.168.85.132,3306 [(none)]> use replcrash; mydba@192.168.85.132,3306 [replcrash]> select count(*) from py_user; mydba@192.168.85.132,3306 [replcrash]> show create table py_user; 2、迁入实例3308 # 创建表 mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [(none)]> use replcrash; mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [replcrash]> CREATE TABLE `py_user` ( `uid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL, `add_time` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `server_id` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`uid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB; # 查看相关文件 [root@ZST1 ~]# ll /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user* -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 8666 Dec 20 16:57 /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user.frm -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 98304 Dec 20 16:57 /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user.ibd [root@ZST1 ~]# # discard 表空间，.ibd文件会被删除 mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [replcrash]> alter table py_user discard tablespace; # 再次查看相关文件 [root@ZST1 ~]# ll /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user* -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 8666 Dec 20 16:57 /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user.frm [root@ZST1 ~]# 3、迁出实例3306 mydba@192.168.85.132,3306 [replcrash]> flush tables py_user for export; 这个时候会加表锁，只能读不能写，同时会产生一个py_user.cfg文件 [root@ZST1 ~]# ll /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user* -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 517 Dec 20 17:03 /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user.cfg -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 8666 Nov 30 09:23 /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user.frm -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 376832 Dec 20 17:03 /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user.ibd [root@ZST1 ~]# # 将.idb、.cfg拷贝到迁入实例对应目录 [root@ZST1 ~]# scp /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user.{cfg,ibd} 192.168.85.132:/data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/ # 解除锁定 mydba@192.168.85.132,3306 [replcrash]> unlock tables; 4、迁入实例3308 # 修改文件权限 [root@ZST1 ~]# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user.{ibd,cfg} # 导入表空间文件 mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [replcrash]> alter table py_user import tablespace; 到这里整个innodb表就被迁移完成，比起逻辑(mysqldump)或物理备份(xtrabackup)方便很多
知晓基于.frm、.ibd恢复数据，再去阅读从完整备份恢复单个innodb表就简单了
3.2、分区表的表空间传输
# InnoDB表空间传输迁移数据(分区表) 1、迁出实例3306 mydba@192.168.85.132,3306 [(none)]> use replcrash; mydba@192.168.85.132,3306 [replcrash]> select count(*) from py_user_partition; mydba@192.168.85.132,3306 [replcrash]> show create table py_user_partition; 2、迁入实例3308 # 创建表 mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [(none)]> use replcrash; mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [replcrash]> CREATE TABLE `py_user_partition` ( `uid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL, `add_time` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `server_id` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`uid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB PARTITION BY KEY(uid) PARTITIONS 4; # 查看相关文件 [root@ZST1 ~]# ll -h /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user_partition* -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 8.5K Jan 6 13:16 /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user_partition.frm -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 96K Jan 6 13:16 /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p0.ibd -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 96K Jan 6 13:16 /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p1.ibd -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 96K Jan 6 13:16 /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p2.ibd -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 96K Jan 6 13:16 /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p3.ibd [root@ZST1 ~]# # discard p0分区表空间，p0.ibd文件会被删除 mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [replcrash]> alter table py_user_partition discard partition p0 tablespace; # 再次查看相关文件 [root@ZST1 ~]# ll -h /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user_partition* -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 8.5K Jan 6 13:16 /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user_partition.frm -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 96K Jan 6 13:16 /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p1.ibd -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 96K Jan 6 13:16 /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p2.ibd -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 96K Jan 6 13:16 /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p3.ibd [root@ZST1 ~]# # p0分区不能查询 mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [replcrash]> select * from py_user_partition partition(p0); ERROR 1814 (HY000): Tablespace has been discarded for table 'py_user_partition' # 其他分区可以查询 mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [replcrash]> select * from py_user_partition partition(p1); Empty set (0.00 sec) 3、迁出实例3306 mydba@192.168.85.132,3306 [replcrash]> flush tables py_user_partition for export; 这个时候会加表锁，只能读不能写，同时每一个分区会产生一个.cfg文件 [root@ZST1 ~]# ll -h /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user_partition* -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 8.5K Jan 6 13:09 /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user_partition.frm -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 532 Jan 6 13:24 /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p0.cfg -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 192K Jan 6 13:13 /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p0.ibd -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 532 Jan 6 13:24 /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p1.cfg -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 400K Jan 6 13:13 /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p1.ibd -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 532 Jan 6 13:24 /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p2.cfg -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 192K Jan 6 13:13 /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p2.ibd -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 532 Jan 6 13:24 /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p3.cfg -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 256K Jan 6 13:13 /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p3.ibd [root@ZST1 ~]# # 将p0分区的.idb、.cfg拷贝到迁入实例对应目录 [root@ZST1 ~]# scp /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p0.{cfg,ibd} 192.168.85.132:/data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/ # 解除锁定 mydba@192.168.85.132,3306 [replcrash]> unlock tables; 4、迁入实例3308 # 修改文件权限 [root@ZST1 ~]# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/replcrash/py_user_partition#P#p0.{ibd,cfg} # 导入表空间文件 mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [replcrash]> alter table py_user_partition import partition p0 tablespace; # 查看p0分区的数据 mydba@192.168.85.132,3308 [replcrash]> select count(*) from py_user_partition partition(p0); +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 1480 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
上面是针对某个分区进行表空间传输，其他分区参考操作即可；在使用range分区时，如果只想恢复特定某个分区，带上partition_name非常方便
如果要针对整张分区表进行表空间传输，只需将关键字partition_name替换为all
mysql> alter table py_user_partition discard partition all tablespace; mysql> alter table py_user_partition import partition all tablespace;