思路：
（1）打开登录页面，并输入用户名和密码，点击登录按钮，弹出验证码图片；
（2）获取2张验证码图片，带缺口和不带缺口；
（3）获取缺口位置。遍历带缺口的图片和不带缺口的图片的每个像素，利用 is_pixel_equal() 方法判断两张图片同一位置的像素是否相同。比较两张图 RGB 的绝对值是否均小于定义的阈值 thresold。如果绝对值均在阈值之内，则代表像素点相同，继续遍历。否则代表不相同的像素点，就是缺口的位置。
通过对比两张图片可以发现，两张图片有两处明显不同的地方：一个是待拼合的滑块，一个是缺口。滑块的位置会出现在左边位置，缺口会出现在与滑块同一水平线的位置，所以缺口一般会在滑块的右侧。如果要寻找缺口，直接从滑块右侧寻找即可。这里直接设置遍历的起始横坐标为60，也就是从滑块的右侧开始识别，这样识别出的结果就是缺口的位置。
（4）移动滑块至缺口位置
import time from io import BytesIO from PIL import Image from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC USERNAME = 'username' PASSWORD = 'password' BORDER = 6 class CrackGeetest(): def __init__(self): self.url = 'https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin' self.browser = webdriver.Chrome('D:downloadchromedriver.exe') self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 20) self.username = USERNAME self.password = PASSWORD def __del__(self): self.browser.close() def get_login_button(self): """ 获取登录按钮，调出极验验证码 :return: 登录按钮对象 """ #button_login = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'button'))) button_login = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'submitBtn'))) return button_login def get_geetest_button(self): """ 获取初始验证按钮，即点击按钮进行验证 :return: 按钮对象 """ button = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_slider_button'))) return button def get_position(self, flag): """ 获取验证码位置 :return: 验证码位置元组 """ img = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_canvas_img'))) fullbg = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, "geetest_canvas_fullbg"))) time.sleep(2) if flag: self.browser.execute_script( "arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2])", fullbg, "style", "") print("获取不带缺口的图片成功") else: self.browser.execute_script( "arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2])", fullbg, "style", "display: none") print("获取带缺口的图片成功") location = img.location # 图像位置 size = img.size # 图像大小 top, bottom, left, right = location['y'], location['y'] + size['height'], location['x'], location['x'] + size['width'] return (top, bottom, left, right, size) def get_screenshot(self): """ 获取网页截图 :return: 截图对象 """ screenshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png() screenshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screenshot)) return screenshot def get_slider(self): """ 获取滑块 :return: 滑块对象 """ slider = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_slider_button'))) return slider def get_geetest_image(self, flag, name='captcha.png'): """ 获取验证码图片 :return: 图片对象 """ top, bottom, left, right, size= self.get_position(flag) print('验证码位置', top, bottom, left, right, size) screenshot = self.get_screenshot() # 根据验证码图像位置获取验证码图像 captcha = screenshot.crop((left, top, right,bottom)) #captcha.save(name) return captcha def open(self): """ 打开网页输入用户名密码 :return: None """ self.browser.get(self.url) username = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'LoginName'))) password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'Password'))) username.send_keys(self.username) password.send_keys(self.password) def get_gap(self, image1, image2): """ 获取带缺口的偏移量 :param image1: 不带缺口的图片 :param image2: 带缺口的图片 :return: """ left = 60 for i in range(left, image1.size[0]): for j in range(image1.size[1]): if not self.is_pixel_equal(image1, image2, i, j): # left = i # return left return i return left def is_pixel_equal(self, image1, image2, x, y): """ 判断两个像素是否相同 :param image1: 图片1 :param image2: 图片2 :param x: 位置x :param y: 位置y :return: 像素是否相同 """ # 取两个图片的像素点 pixel1 = image1.load()[x,y] pixel2 = image2.load()[x,y] #print("piexl1", pixel1, "piexl2", pixel2) threshold = 60 if abs(pixel1[0] - pixel2[0]) < threshold and abs(pixel1[1] - pixel2[1]) < threshold and abs( pixel1[2] - pixel2[2]) < threshold: #print("True") return True else: #print("False") return False def get_track(self, distance): """ 根据偏移量获取移动轨迹 :param distance: 偏移量 :return: 移动轨迹 """ # 移动轨迹 track = [] # 当前位移 current = 0 # 减速阈值 mid = distance * 4 / 5 # 计算间隔 t = 0.2 # 初速度 v = 0 while current < distance: if current < mid: # 加速度为正2 a = 2 else: # 加速度为负3 a = -3 # 初速度v0 v0 = v # 当前速度v = v0 + a * t v = v0 + a * t # 移动距离 x = v0*t + 1/2 * a * t^2 move = v0 * t + 0.5 * a * t * t # 当前位移 current += move # 加入轨迹 track.append(round(move)) return track def move_to_gap(self, slider, track): """ 拖动滑块到缺口处 :param slider: 滑块 :param track: 轨迹 :return: """ ActionChains(self.browser).click_and_hold(slider).perform() for x in track: ActionChains(self.browser).move_by_offset(xoffset=x, yoffset=0).perform() time.sleep(0.5) ActionChains(self.browser).release().perform() def login(self): """ 登录 :return: None """ submit = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'signin'))) submit.click() time.sleep(10) print('登录成功') def crack(self): # 输入用户名和密码 self.open() # 点击登录按钮，调出验证按钮 login_button = self.get_login_button() login_button.click() # 获取验证码图片,不带缺口 image1 = self.get_geetest_image(True, 'captcha1.png') # 点按呼出缺口图片，获取滑块 slider = self.get_slider() # slider.click() # 现在不需要点击滑块即可呼出缺口图片 # 获取带缺口的验证码图片 image2 = self.get_geetest_image(False, 'captcha2.png') # 获取缺口位置 gap = self.get_gap(image1, image2) print('缺口位置', gap) # 减去缺口位移 gap -= BORDER # 获取移动轨迹 track = self.get_track(gap) print('滑动轨迹', track) # 拖动滑块 self.move_to_gap(slider, track) try: success = self.wait.until( EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_success_radar_tip_content'), '验证成功')) print(success) #self.login() except Exception: self.crack() if success: self.login()
if __name__ == '__main__': crack = CrackGeetest() crack.crack()