To Buy or Not to Buy

Eva would like to make a string of beads with her favorite colors so she went to a small shop to buy some beads. There were many colorful strings of beads. However the owner of the shop would only sell the strings in whole pieces. Hence in some cases Eva might have to buy several strings to get all the beads she needs. With a hundred strings in the shop, Eva needs your help to tell her whether or not she can get all the beads she needs with the least number of extra beads she has to pay for.

For the sake of simplicity, let's use the characters in the ranges [0-9], [a-z], and [A-Z] to represent the colors. In sample 1, buying the 2nd and the last two strings is the best way since there are only 3 extra beads. In sample 2, buying all the three strings won't help since there are three R beads missing.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. Each case first gives in a line the string that Eva wants. Then a positive integer

Output Specification:

For each test case, print your answer in one line. If the answer is Yes, then also output the least number of extra beads Eva has to buy; or if the answer is No, then also output the number of beads missing from all the strings. There must be exactly 1 space between the answer and the number.

Sample Input 1:

RYg5
8
gY5Ybf
8R5
12346789
gRg8h
5Y37
pRgYgbR52
8Y
8g

Sample Output 1:

Yes 3

Sample Input 2:

YrRR8RRrY
3
ppRGrrYB225
8ppGrrB25
Zd6KrY

Sample Output 2:

No 3

  1 #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
  2 #include <cstdio>
  3 #include <cstdlib>
  4 #include <cstring>
  5 #include <cctype>
  6 #include <climits>
  7 #include <algorithm>
  8 using namespace std;
  9 const int N = 1010;
 10  
 11 struct bead {
 12     int arr[62], len;
 13     char str[N];
 14     void read(void) {
 15         scanf("%s", str);
 16         return;
 17     }
 18     void convert(void) {
 19         int i;
 20         len = strlen(str);
 21         memset(arr, 0, 62 * sizeof(int));
 22         for (i = 0; str[i] != ''; i++) {
 23             if (isdigit(str[i])) {
 24                 arr[str[i] - '0']++;
 25             }
 26             else if (isupper(str[i])) {
 27                 arr[str[i] - 'A' + 10]++;
 28             }
 29             else {
 30                 arr[str[i] - 'a' + 36]++;
 31             }
 32         }
 33         return;
 34     }
 35 };
 36  
 37 struct record {
 38     int arr[62];
 39     int num;
 40 };
 41  
 42 void DFS(bead arr[], int index, int n, bead &target);
 43 void cmp(bead *arr, bead &target, record &r);
 44 int min_extra, residue, extra;
 45 bool *visit;
 46 int main(void) {
 47     int n, i;
 48     bead *arr, target;
 49     record r;
 50     setvbuf(stdin, new char[1 << 20], _IOFBF, 1 << 20);
 51     target.read();
 52     target.convert();
 53     scanf("%d", &n);
 54     visit = new bool[n];
 55     arr = new bead[n];
 56     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 57         arr[i].read();
 58         arr[i].convert();
 59     }
 60     residue = target.len;
 61     for (i = 0; i < n && residue; i++) {
 62         cmp(arr + i, target, r);
 63     }
 64     if (residue) {
 65         printf("%s %d", "No", residue);
 66     }
 67     else {
 68         min_extra = INT_MAX;
 69         for (i = 0; i < n && min_extra; i++) {
 70             residue = target.len;
 71             extra = 0;
 72             memset(visit, 0, n * sizeof(bool));
 73             target.convert();
 74             DFS(arr, i, n, target);
 75         }
 76         printf("%s %d", "Yes", min_extra);
 77     }
 78     return 0;
 79 }
 80  
 81 void DFS(bead arr[], int index, int n, bead &target) {
 82     int i, j;
 83     record r;
 84     memset(&r, 0, sizeof(record));
 85     cmp(arr + index, target, r);
 86     extra += (arr[index].len - r.num);
 87     visit[index] = true;
 88     if (r.num && extra < min_extra && residue) {
 89         for (i = index + 1; i < n; i++) {
 90             if (!visit[i]) {
 91                 DFS(arr, i, n, target);
 92             }
 93         }
 94     }
 95     if (extra < min_extra && !residue) {
 96         min_extra = extra;
 97     }
 98     visit[index] = false;
 99     for (i = 0; i < 62; i++) {
100         target.arr[i] += r.arr[i];
101     }
102     residue += r.num;
103     extra -= (arr[index].len - r.num);
104     return;
105 }
106  
107 void cmp(bead *arr, bead &target, record &r) {
108     int i;
109     for (i = 0; i < 62 && residue; i++) {
110         if (target.arr[i] && arr->arr[i]) {
111             if (target.arr[i] >= arr->arr[i]) {
112                 target.arr[i] -= arr->arr[i];
113                 residue -= arr->arr[i];
114                 r.arr[i] = arr->arr[i];
115                 r.num += arr->arr[i];
116             }
117             else {
118                 residue -= target.arr[i];
119                 r.arr[i] = target.arr[i];
120                 r.num += target.arr[i];
121                 target.arr[i] = 0;
122             }
123         }
124     }
125     return;
126 }

诚者，君子之所守也。