OpenCV--图像基本操作

图像基本操作

环境配置地址

Anaconda:https://www.anaconda.com/download/

Python_whl:https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#opencv

IDE:按照自己的喜好,选择一个能debug就好

安装opencv和拓展包(opencv-python、opencv-contrib-python)这里用的3.4.1

数据读取-图像

cv2.IMREAD_COLOR:彩色图像

cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE:灰度图像

import cv2 #opencv读取的格式是BGR
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np 
%matplotlib inline

img=cv2.imread('cat.jpg') #读取图片
img

效果:

array([[[142, 151, 160],
        [146, 155, 164],
        [151, 160, 169],
        ..., 
        [156, 172, 185],
        [155, 171, 184],
        [154, 170, 183]],

       [[107, 118, 126],
        [112, 123, 131],
        [117, 128, 136],
        ..., 
        [155, 171, 184],
        [154, 170, 183],
        [153, 169, 182]],

       [[108, 119, 127],
        [112, 123, 131],
        [118, 129, 137],
        ..., 
        [154, 170, 183],
        [153, 169, 182],
        [152, 168, 181]],

       ..., 
       [[162, 186, 198],
        [157, 181, 193],
        [142, 166, 178],
        ..., 
        [181, 204, 206],
        [170, 193, 195],
        [149, 172, 174]],

       [[140, 164, 176],
        [147, 171, 183],
        [139, 163, 175],
        ..., 
        [167, 187, 188],
        [123, 143, 144],
        [104, 124, 125]],

       [[154, 178, 190],
        [154, 178, 190],
        [121, 145, 157],
        ..., 
        [185, 198, 200],
        [130, 143, 145],
        [129, 142, 144]]], dtype=uint8)
#图像的显示,也可以创建多个窗口
cv2.imshow('image',img) 
# 等待时间,毫秒级,0表示任意键终止,1000表示1秒
cv2.waitKey(0) 
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

效果:

def cv_show(name,img): #函数作为后面调用
    cv2.imshow(name,img) 
    cv2.waitKey(0) 
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()
img.shape

效果:

(414, 500, 3)
img=cv2.imread('cat.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE) #按照灰度图片读取
img
img.shape

效果:

array([[153, 157, 162, ..., 174, 173, 172],
       [119, 124, 129, ..., 173, 172, 171],
       [120, 124, 130, ..., 172, 171, 170],
       ..., 
       [187, 182, 167, ..., 202, 191, 170],
       [165, 172, 164, ..., 185, 141, 122],
       [179, 179, 146, ..., 197, 142, 141]], dtype=uint8)
(414, 500)
#图像的显示,也可以创建多个窗口
cv2.imshow('image',img) 
# 等待时间,毫秒级,0表示任意键终止
cv2.waitKey(10000) 
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

效果:

#保存
cv2.imwrite('mycat.png',img)

效果:

type(img)
img.size
img.dtype

效果:

numpy.ndarray
207000
dtype('uint8')

数据读取-视频

cv2.VideoCapture可以捕获摄像头,用数字来控制不同的设备,例如0,1。

如果是视频文件,直接指定好路径即可。

vc = cv2.VideoCapture('test.mp4')
# 检查是否打开正确
if vc.isOpened(): 
    open, frame = vc.read()
else:
    open = False
while open:
    ret, frame = vc.read()
    if frame is None:
        break
    if ret == True:
        gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame,  cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
        cv2.imshow('result', gray)
        if cv2.waitKey(100) & 0xFF == 27:
            break
vc.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

效果:

截取部分图像数据

img=cv2.imread('cat.jpg')
cat=img[0:50,0:200] 
cv_show('cat',cat)

效果:

颜色通道提取

b,g,r=cv2.split(img)
r
r.shape

效果:

array([[160, 164, 169, ..., 185, 184, 183],
       [126, 131, 136, ..., 184, 183, 182],
       [127, 131, 137, ..., 183, 182, 181],
       ..., 
       [198, 193, 178, ..., 206, 195, 174],
       [176, 183, 175, ..., 188, 144, 125],
(414, 500)
img=cv2.merge((b,g,r)) #将提取出的b,g,r赋值给img形成一个彩图
img.shape

效果:

(414, 500, 3)
# 只保留R
cur_img = img.copy()
cur_img[:,:,0] = 0
cur_img[:,:,1] = 0
cv_show('R',cur_img)

效果:

# 只保留G
cur_img = img.copy()
cur_img[:,:,0] = 0
cur_img[:,:,2] = 0
cv_show('G',cur_img)

效果:

# 只保留B
cur_img = img.copy()
cur_img[:,:,1] = 0
cur_img[:,:,2] = 0
cv_show('B',cur_img)

效果:

 边界填充

BORDER_REPLICATE:复制法,也就是复制最边缘像素。

BORDER_REFLECT:反射法,对感兴趣的图像中的像素在两边进行复制例如:fedcba|abcdefgh|hgfedcb

BORDER_REFLECT_101:反射法,也就是以最边缘像素为轴,对称,gfedcb|abcdefgh|gfedcba

BORDER_WRAP:外包装法cdefgh|abcdefgh|abcdefg 

BORDER_CONSTANT:常量法,常数值填充。

top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size = (50,50,50,50) #填充大小
# borderType指的不同类型的填充
replicate = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top_size, bottom_size, left_size, right_size, borderType=cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE)
reflect = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top_size, bottom_size, left_size, right_size,cv2.BORDER_REFLECT)
reflect101 = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top_size, bottom_size, left_size, right_size, cv2.BORDER_REFLECT_101)
wrap = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top_size, bottom_size, left_size, right_size, cv2.BORDER_WRAP)
constant = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top_size, bottom_size, left_size, right_size,cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, value=0)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# subplot方法用于排列生成的图像,参数为坐标
plt.subplot(231), plt.imshow(img, 'gray'), plt.title('ORIGINAL')
plt.subplot(232), plt.imshow(replicate, 'gray'), plt.title('REPLICATE')
plt.subplot(233), plt.imshow(reflect, 'gray'), plt.title('REFLECT')
plt.subplot(234), plt.imshow(reflect101, 'gray'), plt.title('REFLECT_101')
plt.subplot(235), plt.imshow(wrap, 'gray'), plt.title('WRAP')
plt.subplot(236), plt.imshow(constant, 'gray'), plt.title('CONSTANT')

plt.show()

效果:

 数值计算

img_cat=cv2.imread('cat.jpg')
img_dog=cv2.imread('dog.jpg')
img_cat2= img_cat +10 
img_cat[:5,:,0]
img_cat2[:5,:,0]

效果:

array([[142, 146, 151, ..., 156, 155, 154],
       [107, 112, 117, ..., 155, 154, 153],
       [108, 112, 118, ..., 154, 153, 152],
       [139, 143, 148, ..., 156, 155, 154],
       [153, 158, 163, ..., 160, 159, 158]], dtype=uint8)
array([[152, 156, 161, ..., 166, 165, 164],
       [117, 122, 127, ..., 165, 164, 163],
       [118, 122, 128, ..., 164, 163, 162],
       [149, 153, 158, ..., 166, 165, 164],
       [163, 168, 173, ..., 170, 169, 168]], dtype=uint8)
# 相加大于255的相当于% 256
(img_cat + img_cat2)[:5,:,0]

效果:

array([[ 38,  46,  56, ...,  66,  64,  62],
       [224, 234, 244, ...,  64,  62,  60],
       [226, 234, 246, ...,  62,  60,  58],
       [ 32,  40,  50, ...,  66,  64,  62],
       [ 60,  70,  80, ...,  74,  72,  70]], dtype=uint8)
cv2.add(img_cat,img_cat2)[:5,:,0] #cv提供的add

效果:

array([[255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255],
       [224, 234, 244, ..., 255, 255, 255],
       [226, 234, 246, ..., 255, 255, 255],
       [255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255],
       [255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255]], dtype=uint8)
# 按照最高255处理

图像融合

img_cat + img_dog #不能直接相加

效果:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-34-ffa3cdc5d6b8> in <module>()
----> 1 img_cat + img_dog

ValueError: operands could not be broadcast together with shapes (414,500,3) (429,499,3) 
img_dog = cv2.resize(img_dog, (500, 414)) #改变大小
img_dog.shape

效果:

(414, 500, 3)
res = cv2.addWeighted(img_cat, 0.4, img_dog, 0.6, 0) #大小相同后按照权重相加
plt.imshow(res)

效果:

res = cv2.resize(img, (0, 0), fx=4, fy=4) #没指定具体大小,指定倍数
plt.imshow(res)

效果:

res = cv2.resize(img, (0, 0), fx=1, fy=3)
plt.imshow(res)

效果:

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/SCCQ/p/12288523.html