react-router+webpack+gulp路由实例

　　背景:新项目要开始了,有一种想要在新项目中使用react的冲动,应该也是一个单页面的应用,单页应用就涉及到一个路由的问题.于是最近在网上找了蛮多关于react-router的文章,也遇到了许多的坑,经过不懈的探求之后,今天终于搞出了个成功的demo......特此记录

　　1.项目结构

　　本demo采用react+webpack+gulp的组合进行开发,主要的js文件app.js放在js这个目录下.

　　index.html的结构如下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>react Router</title>
    <!--<script src="build/react.js"></script>-->
    <!--<script src="build/react-dom.js"></script>-->
    <!--<script src="build/browser.min.js"></script>-->
</head>
<body>
<div id="container1"></div>
<script src="http://localhost:8080/assets/bundle.js"></script>
<!--<script src="/build/bundle.js"></script>-->
</body>
</html>

　　接下来说说我遇到的第一个坑:

　　最开始我是直接将app.js用script标签引入的,但是由于app.js里面采用了es6的写法,import什么的,导致在浏览器中直接运行index.html一直报错require is undefined

　　ok,在网上找了一些资料,后来我就采用了webpack,它可以自动帮你寻找依赖,所以也不需要在index.html顶部引入react.js, react-dom.js,以及browser.min.js了.

　　2.webpack的使用(webpack.config.js)

　　关于webpack的安装,请大家参照官网,由于本demo中用到了webpack的热更新,()即更新了js代码,无需手动刷新浏览器即可看到最新的效果),所以还安装了webpack-dev-server

　　http://webpack.github.io/docs/webpack-dev-server.html

　　类似于gulp的使用,webpack使用时需要在项目根目录下键一个webpack.config.js的配置文件.配置文件里面的参数的含义在官网上都很清楚.

var webpack = require('webpack');
module.exports = {
    entry: [
        'webpack-dev-server/client?http://localhost:8080/', // WebpackDevServer host and port
        'webpack/hot/dev-server', // "only" prevents reload on syntax errors
        "./js/app.js"
    ],
    output: {
        path: '/build',
        publicPath: "http://localhost:8080/assets/",
        filename: "bundle.js",
    },
    module: {
        loaders: [
        { test: /.jsx?$/, exclude: /node_modules/,
            // loader: 'babel' ,
            loaders: ['react-hot', 'babel?presets[]=es2015&presets[]=react'],
           
        }]
            // [
            // {test: /.js?$/, loaders: ['react-hot', 'babel'], exclude: /node_modules/},
            // {test: /.js$/, exclude: /node_modules/, loader: 'babel-loader'},
            // {test: /.css$/, loader: "style!css"}]
    },
    // externals: [
    //     {
    //         react: {
    //             root: 'React',
    //             commonjs2: 'react',
    //             commonjs: 'react',
    //             amd: 'react'
    //         }
    //     }
    // ],
    resolve: {
        extensions: ['', '.js', '.json']
    },
    plugins: [
        new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin(),
        new webpack.NoErrorsPlugin()
    ]
};

　　上述代码中,简要解释一下如下参数的含义:

　　entry 是页面中的入口文件，本demo的入口文件是js/app.js.

　　output: 是指页面通过webpack打包后生成的目标文件放在什么地方去，本势力中根目录下有一个build文件夹，一旦执行webpack,该文件夹内会有一个build.js文件；

　　此外,注意到还有一个publicPath的属性,在index.html中,我将引用的js文件指向这个路径,就可以达到热更新的效果.

　　resolve: 定义了解析模块路径时的配置，常用的就是extensions; 可以用来指定模块的后缀，这样在引入模块时就不需要写后缀，会自动补全。

　　plugins: 定义了需要使用的插件，比如commonsPlugin在打包多个入口文件时会提取公用的部分，生成common.js,而HotModuleReplacementPlugin就是用来做热更新的;

　　module.loaders：是文件的加载器，比如我们之前react需要在页面中引入jsx的js源码到页面上来，然后使用该语法，但是通过webpack打包后就不需要再引入JSXTransformer.js；看到上面的加载器；比如jsx-loader加载器就是代表JSXTransformer.js的，还有style-loader和css-loader加载器；

　　test是一个正则表达式,符合要求的才会采用loader指定的加载器.

　　注意了!第二坑来了,网上有的帖子将loaders直接写成loaders:['react-hot','babel'],会报错,说你语法错误,所以一定要写成loaders:['react-hot','babel?presets[]=es2015&presets[]=react'].

　　exclude应该是将这个目录下的js文件排除在外.

　　3.webpack-dev-server部署一个迷你服务器(server.js)

/**
 * Created by huangyq0811 on 2016/8/29.
 */
var webpack = require('webpack');
var WebpackDevServer = require('webpack-dev-server');
var config = require('./webpack.config');

new WebpackDevServer(webpack(config), {
    publicPath: config.output.publicPath,
    hot: true,
    historyApiFallback: true
}).listen(8080, 'localhost', function (err, result) {
    if (err) console.log(err);
    console.log('Listening at localhost:8080');
});

　　4.react-router路由

　　官网的demo也很清晰:

　　https://www.npmjs.com/package/react-router

　　app.js文件代码如下:

import React from 'react'
import { render } from 'react-dom'
import { Router, Route, IndexRoute, Link, IndexLink,hashHistory } from 'react-router'
const ACTIVE = { color: 'red' };
const App =  React.createClass({
    render(){
        return(
            <div>
        <h3>Ricky12</h3>
        <ul>
            <li><Link to="/about" activeStyle={ACTIVE}>/about</Link></li>
            <li><Link to="/inbox" activeStyle={ACTIVE}>/inbox</Link></li>
            <li><Link to="/messages" activeStyle={ACTIVE}>/messages</Link></li>
            <li><IndexLink to="/" activeStyle={ACTIVE}>/ IndexLink</IndexLink></li>
        </ul>
        {this.props.children}
    </div>
    )
    }

});
const About = React.createClass({
    render() {
        return <h3>About</h3>
    }
});
const Inbox = React.createClass({
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                <h3>Inbox</h3>
                <Link to="inbox/msg" activeStyle={ACTIVE}>/msg</Link>
                {this.props.children}
            </div>
        )
    }
});
const Message = React.createClass({
    render() {
        return <h3>Message</h3>
    }
});
const Msg = React.createClass({
    render() {
        return <h3>this is msg info</h3>
    }
});

render((
    <Router history={hashHistory}>
        <Route path="/" component={App}>
            <Route path="about" component={About} />
            <Route path="messages" component={Message} />
            <Route path="inbox" component={Inbox}>
                <Route path="msg" component={Msg} />
            </Route>
        </Route>
    </Router>
), document.getElementById("container1"));

　　代码分析:当你在webstorm中启动了sever.js这个文件之后,在浏览器地址栏输入localhost:8080/index.html,由于没有加任何路径,路由会默认分配到App这个组件来展示,并且之后其他的组件都将作为子页面嵌套在App这个组件里面

如果你看到如下和面,并且控制台没有报错,那么成功了

　　这句代码意味着:你在浏览器地址栏输入localhost:8080/index.html#/inbox/msg时,页面将首先加载Inbox这个组件,随后再将Msg这个组件加载在Inbox里面,形如:

　　而且为了能够呈现Inbox里面的子组件,我们在构造Inbox这个组件时,在return时不能少了{this.props.children}.

　　最后再附上点击了列表inbox之后再点击msg的效果图:

　　5.差点漏了gulp

　　其实gulp在本demo中用处不大,但是如果你是引用的静态文件,而又想根据修改的代码实时更新js文件,那么就可以用到gulp的watch方法了:

/**
 * Created by huangyq0811 on 2016/8/29.
 */
var gulp = require('gulp');
var webpack = require('gulp-webpack');
var webpackConfig = require('./webpack.config');
gulp.task("webpack1", function() {
    var myConfig = Object.create(webpackConfig);
    return gulp
        .src('/js/app.js')
        .pipe(webpack(myConfig))
        .pipe(gulp.dest('./build'));
});
gulp.task("default",function () {
    gulp.watch('./js/app.js', ['webpack1']);
});

　　上述代码中,一旦你在命令行中执行了 gulp这个命令,那么当你更改了app.js的代码并保存之后,都会触发webpack1的这样一个gulp任务

　　6.为了方便下载依赖包,我将package.json贴在下面,只需要运行npm install即可

{
  "name": "ricky-react-router",
  "version": "2.7.0",
  "description": "A complete routing library for React",
  "files": [
    "*.md",
    "docs",
    "es6",
    "lib",
    "umd"
  ],
  "main": "lib/index",
  "jsnext:main": "es6/index",
  "repository": "reactjs/react-router",
  "homepage": "https://github.com/reactjs/react-router#readme",
  "bugs": "https://github.com/reactjs/react-router/issues",
  "scripts": {
    "build": "npm run build-cjs && npm run build-es",
    "build-cjs": "rimraf lib && cross-env BABEL_ENV=cjs babel ./modules -d lib --ignore '__tests__'",
    "build-es": "rimraf es6 && cross-env BABEL_ENV=es babel ./modules -d es6 --ignore '__tests__'",
    "build-umd": "cross-env NODE_ENV=development webpack modules/index.js umd/ReactRouter.js",
    "build-min": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production webpack -p modules/index.js umd/ReactRouter.min.js",
    "lint": "eslint examples modules scripts tools *.js",
    "start": "node examples/server.js",
    "test": "npm run lint && npm run test-node && npm run test-browser",
    "test-browser": "cross-env NODE_ENV=test karma start",
    "test-node": "cross-env NODE_ENV=test mocha --compilers js:babel-register tests.node.js"
  },
  "authors": [
    "Ryan Florence",
    "Michael Jackson"
  ],
  "license": "MIT",
  "dependencies": {
    "babel-preset-react": "^6.11.1",
    "history": "^2.1.2",
    "hoist-non-react-statics": "^1.2.0",
    "invariant": "^2.2.1",
    "loose-envify": "^1.2.0",
    "react-router": "^2.7.0",
    "warning": "^3.0.0",
    "webpack-dev-server": "^1.15.0"
  },
  "peerDependencies": {
    "react": "^0.14.0 || ^15.0.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "babel-cli": "^6.11.4",
    "babel-core": "^6.13.2",
    "babel-eslint": "^6.1.2",
    "babel-loader": "^6.2.4",
    "babel-plugin-add-module-exports": "^0.2.1",
    "babel-plugin-dev-expression": "^0.2.1",
    "babel-plugin-istanbul": "^1.0.3",
    "babel-preset-es2015": "^6.13.2",
    "babel-preset-react": "^6.11.1",
    "babel-preset-stage-1": "^6.13.0",
    "babel-register": "^6.11.6",
    "babel-preset-stage-0": "^6.3.13",
    "bundle-loader": "^0.5.4",
    "codecov": "^1.0.1",
    "cross-env": "^2.0.0",
    "css-loader": "^0.23.1",
    "eslint": "^3.2.0",
    "eslint-config-rackt": "^1.1.1",
    "eslint-plugin-react": "^5.2.2",
    "expect": "^1.20.2",
    "express": "^4.14.0",
    "express-urlrewrite": "^1.2.0",
    "gzip-size": "^3.0.0",
    "karma": "^1.1.2",
    "karma-browserstack-launcher": "^1.0.1",
    "karma-chrome-launcher": "^1.0.1",
    "karma-coverage": "^1.1.1",
    "karma-mocha": "^1.1.1",
    "karma-mocha-reporter": "^2.0.5",
    "karma-sourcemap-loader": "^0.3.7",
    "karma-webpack": "^1.7.0",
    "mocha": "^2.5.3",
    "pretty-bytes": "^3.0.1",
    "qs": "^6.2.1",
    "react": "^15.3.0",
    "react-addons-css-transition-group": "^15.3.0",
    "react-addons-test-utils": "^15.3.0",
    "react-dom": "^15.3.0",
    "rimraf": "^2.5.4",
    "style-loader": "^0.13.1",
    "webpack": "^1.13.1",
    "webpack-dev-middleware": "^1.6.1"
  },
  "browserify": {
    "transform": [
      "loose-envify"
    ]
  },
  "tags": [
    "react",
    "router"
  ],
  "keywords": [
    "react",
    "react-component",
    "routing",
    "route",
    "routes",
    "router"
  ]
}