如何读写excel文件？

需求：
Microsoft Excel是目前办公中使用最频繁的软件，其数据格式为xls,xlsx,一种非常常用的电子表格，小学某班成绩，记录在excel文件中：
姓名语文数学外语
李雷 95 99 96
韩梅 98 100 93
张峰 94 95 95
...
利用python读写excel，添加'总分'列,计算每人总分。

思路：
使用pip安装 pip install xlrd xlwt
使用第三方库xlrd和xlwt，这两个库分别用于excel的读写

代码：

import xlrd,xlwt

rbook = xlrd.open_workbook('shizhanscore.xlsx')  # 创建一个读的工作薄对象
rsheet = rbook.sheet_by_index(0) # 读取工作薄中的第一张表

nc = rsheet.ncols # 要增加的新列的列坐标

rsheet.put_cell(0,nc,xlrd.XL_CELL_TEXT,'总分',None)  # 添加新列并对新列的内容属性进行定义

# 进行迭代计算总分
for row in range(1,rsheet.nrows):
    t = sum(rsheet.row_values(row,1))  # 获取一行的值返回一个列表，从1列开始，即却除了姓名,并进行求和
    rsheet.put_cell(row,nc,xlrd.XL_CELL_NUMBER,t,None)  # 将计算的结果存入单元格
     

wbook = xlwt.Workbook()  # 创建一个写的工作簿的对象
wsheet = wbook.add_sheet(rsheet.name)  # 添加一张表，与上面rsheet的相同
style = xlwt.easyxf('align:vertical center, horizontal center')  # 水平居中和垂直居中

# 遍历上面rsheet表的每一个单元格进行写入
for r in range(rsheet.nrows):
    for c in range(rsheet.ncols):
        wsheet.write(r,c,rsheet.cell_value(r,c),style)

wbook.save('output.xls')  # 结果进行保存

==============================================================================

>>> import xlrd

>>> book = xlrd.open_workbook('demo.xlsx')

>>> book
<xlrd.book.Book at 0x7f91cb81b908>

>>> book.sheets()
[<xlrd.sheet.Sheet at 0x7f91cb600518>]

>>> book.sheet_by_index(0)
<xlrd.sheet.Sheet at 0x7f91cb600518>

>>> sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)

>>> sheet.nrows
8

>>> sheet.ncols
4

>>> c00 = sheet.cell(0,0)

>>> c00
text:'姓名'

>>> type(c00)
xlrd.sheet.Cell

>>> c00.ctype
1

>>> c00.value
'姓名'

>>> xlrd.XL_CELL_TEXT
1

>>> xlrd.XL_CELL_NUMBER
2

>>> c11 = sheet.cell(1,1)

>>> c11.ctype
2

>>> c11.value
34.0

>>> sheet.cell_value(1,1)
34.0

>>> sheet.cell_value(0,0)
'姓名'

>>> sheet.row(0)
[text:'姓名', text:'语文', text:'数学', text:'英语']

>>> sheet.row_values(0)
['姓名', '语文', '数学', '英语']

>>> sheet.row_values?
Signature: sheet.row_values(rowx, start_colx=0, end_colx=None)
Docstring: Returns a slice of the values of the cells in the given row.
File:      ~/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/xlrd/sheet.py
Type:      method

>>> sheet.row_values(1,1)
[34.0, 56.0, 89.0]

>>> sheet.put_cell?
Signature: sheet.put_cell(rowx, colx, ctype, value, xf_index)
Docstring: <no docstring>
File:      ~/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/xlrd/sheet.py
Type:      method

>>> sheet.put_cell(0,sheet.ncols,xlrd.XL_CELL_TEXT,'总分'None)
  File "<ipython-input-36-53276b64c686>", line 1
    sheet.put_cell(0,sheet.ncols,xlrd.XL_CELL_TEXT,'总分'None)
                                                          ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax


>>> sheet.put_cell(0,sheet.ncols,xlrd.XL_CELL_TEXT,'总分',None)

>>> import xlwt

>>> wbook = xlwt.Workbook()

>>> wsheet = wbook.add_sheet('test')

>>> wsheet.write?

>>> wsheet.write(0,0,'abc')

>>> wsheet.write(0,1,100)

>>> wbook.save('test.xlsx')

>>> 
============================================================================
import xlrd,xlwt

rbook =  xlrd.open_workbook('demo.xlsx')
rsheet = rbook.sheet_by_index(0)
k = rsheet.ncols
rsheet.put_cell(0,k,xlrd.XL_CELL_TEXT,'总分',None)

for i in range(1,rsheet.nrows):
    t = sum(rsheet.row_values(i,1))
    rsheet.put_cell(i,k,xlrd.XL_CELL_NUMBER,t,None)

wbook = xlwt.Workbook()
wsheet = wbook.add_sheet(rsheet.name)

for i in range(rsheet.nrows):
    for j in range(rsheet.ncols):
        wsheet.write(i,j,rsheet.cell_value(i,j))


wbook.save('out.xlsx')