php实现求二进制中1的个数(右移、&、int32位)(n = n & (n - 1);)
一、总结
1、PHP中的位运算符和java和c++一样
2、位移运算符看箭头方向,箭头向左就是左移,左移*2
3、php中整形32位
二、php实现求二进制中1的个数
题目描述:
最佳代码:
绝对最佳答案及分析:
1 public class Solution { 2 public int NumberOf1(int n) { 3 int count = 0; 4 while(n!= 0){ 5 count++; 6 n = n & (n - 1); 7 } 8 return count; 9 } 10 }
代码:
1 <?php 2 3 function NumberOf1($n) 4 { 5 $count = 0; 6 for($i = 0;$i <32;$i++){ //3、php中整形32位 7 if(($n >> $i) & 1){ //1、PHP中的位运算符和java和c++一样 2、位移运算符看箭头方向,箭头向左就是左移,左移*2 8 $count++; 9 } 10 } 11 return $count; 12 }
三、拓展-php位运算符
位运算符 ¶
位运算符允许对整型数中指定的位进行求值和操作。
例子 | 名称 | 结果 |
---|---|---|
$a & $b |
And(按位与) | 将把 $a 和 $b 中都为 1 的位设为 1。 |
$a | $b |
Or(按位或) | 将把 $a 和 $b 中任何一个为 1 的位设为 1。 |
$a ^ $b |
Xor(按位异或) | 将把 $a 和 $b 中一个为 1 另一个为 0 的位设为 1。 |
~ $a |
Not(按位取反) | 将 $a 中为 0 的位设为 1,反之亦然。 |
$a << $b |
Shift left(左移) | 将 $a 中的位向左移动 $b 次(每一次移动都表示“乘以 2”)。 |
$a >> $b |
Shift right(右移) | 将 $a 中的位向右移动 $b 次(每一次移动都表示“除以 2”)。 |
位移在 PHP 中是数学运算。向任何方向移出去的位都被丢弃。左移时右侧以零填充,符号位被移走意味着正负号不被保留。右移时左侧以符号位填充,意味着正负号被保留。
要用括号确保想要的优先级。例如 $a & $b == true 先进行比较再进行按位与;而 ($a & $b) == true 则先进行按位与再进行比较。
If both operands for the &, | and ^ operators are strings, then the operation will be performed on the ASCII values of the characters that make up the strings and the result will be a string. In all other cases, both operands will be converted to integers and the result will be an integer.
If the operand for the ~ operator is a string, the operation will be performed on the ASCII values of the characters that make up the string and the result will be a string, otherwise the operand and the result will be treated as integers.
Both operands and the result for the << and >> operators are always treated as integers.
PHP 的 ini 设定 error_reporting 使用了按位的值,
提供了关闭某个位的真实例子。要显示除了提示级别
之外的所有错误,php.ini 中是这样用的:
E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE
具体运作方式是先取得 E_ALL 的值:
00000000000000000111011111111111
再取得 E_NOTICE 的值:
00000000000000000000000000001000
然后通过 ~ 将其取反:
11111111111111111111111111110111
最后再用按位与 AND(&)得到两个值中都设定了(为 1)的位:
00000000000000000111011111110111
另外一个方法是用按位异或 XOR(^)来取得只在
其中一个值中设定了的位:
E_ALL ^ E_NOTICE
error_reporting 也可用来演示怎样置位。只显示错误和可恢复
错误的方法是:
E_ERROR | E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR
也就是将 E_ERROR
00000000000000000000000000000001
和 E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR
00000000000000000001000000000000
用按位或 OR(|)运算符来取得在任何一个值中被置位的结果:
00000000000000000001000000000001
Example #1 整数的 AND,OR 和 XOR 位运算符
<?php
/*
* Ignore the top section,
* it is just formatting to make output clearer.
*/
$format = '(%1$2d = %1$04b) = (%2$2d = %2$04b)'
. ' %3$s (%4$2d = %4$04b)' . "
";
echo <<<EOH
--------- --------- -- ---------
result value op test
--------- --------- -- ---------
EOH;
/*
* Here are the examples.
*/
$values = array(0, 1, 2, 4, 8);
$test = 1 + 4;
echo "
Bitwise AND
";
foreach ($values as $value) {
$result = $value & $test;
printf($format, $result, $value, '&', $test);
}
echo "
Bitwise Inclusive OR
";
foreach ($values as $value) {
$result = $value | $test;
printf($format, $result, $value, '|', $test);
}
echo "
Bitwise Exclusive OR (XOR)
";
foreach ($values as $value) {
$result = $value ^ $test;
printf($format, $result, $value, '^', $test);
}
?>
以上例程会输出:
--------- --------- -- --------- result value op test --------- --------- -- --------- Bitwise AND ( 0 = 0000) = ( 0 = 0000) & ( 5 = 0101) ( 1 = 0001) = ( 1 = 0001) & ( 5 = 0101) ( 0 = 0000) = ( 2 = 0010) & ( 5 = 0101) ( 4 = 0100) = ( 4 = 0100) & ( 5 = 0101) ( 0 = 0000) = ( 8 = 1000) & ( 5 = 0101) Bitwise Inclusive OR ( 5 = 0101) = ( 0 = 0000) | ( 5 = 0101) ( 5 = 0101) = ( 1 = 0001) | ( 5 = 0101) ( 7 = 0111) = ( 2 = 0010) | ( 5 = 0101) ( 5 = 0101) = ( 4 = 0100) | ( 5 = 0101) (13 = 1101) = ( 8 = 1000) | ( 5 = 0101) Bitwise Exclusive OR (XOR) ( 5 = 0101) = ( 0 = 0000) ^ ( 5 = 0101) ( 4 = 0100) = ( 1 = 0001) ^ ( 5 = 0101) ( 7 = 0111) = ( 2 = 0010) ^ ( 5 = 0101) ( 1 = 0001) = ( 4 = 0100) ^ ( 5 = 0101) (13 = 1101) = ( 8 = 1000) ^ ( 5 = 0101)
Example #2 字符串的 XOR 运算符
<?php
echo 12 ^ 9; // Outputs '5'
echo "12" ^ "9"; // Outputs the Backspace character (ascii 8)
// ('1' (ascii 49)) ^ ('9' (ascii 57)) = #8
echo "hallo" ^ "hello"; // Outputs the ascii values #0 #4 #0 #0 #0
// 'a' ^ 'e' = #4
echo 2 ^ "3"; // Outputs 1
// 2 ^ ((int)"3") == 1
echo "2" ^ 3; // Outputs 1
// ((int)"2") ^ 3 == 1
?>
Example #3 整数的位移
<?php
/*
* Here are the examples.
*/
echo "
--- BIT SHIFT RIGHT ON POSITIVE INTEGERS ---
";
$val = 4;
$places = 1;
$res = $val >> $places;
p($res, $val, '>>', $places, 'copy of sign bit shifted into left side');
$val = 4;
$places = 2;
$res = $val >> $places;
p($res, $val, '>>', $places);
$val = 4;
$places = 3;
$res = $val >> $places;
p($res, $val, '>>', $places, 'bits shift out right side');
$val = 4;
$places = 4;
$res = $val >> $places;
p($res, $val, '>>', $places, 'same result as above; can not shift beyond 0');
echo "
--- BIT SHIFT RIGHT ON NEGATIVE INTEGERS ---
";
$val = -4;
$places = 1;
$res = $val >> $places;
p($res, $val, '>>', $places, 'copy of sign bit shifted into left side');
$val = -4;
$places = 2;
$res = $val >> $places;
p($res, $val, '>>', $places, 'bits shift out right side');
$val = -4;
$places = 3;
$res = $val >> $places;
p($res, $val, '>>', $places, 'same result as above; can not shift beyond -1');
echo "
--- BIT SHIFT LEFT ON POSITIVE INTEGERS ---
";
$val = 4;
$places = 1;
$res = $val << $places;
p($res, $val, '<<', $places, 'zeros fill in right side');
$val = 4;
$places = (PHP_INT_SIZE * 8) - 4;
$res = $val << $places;
p($res, $val, '<<', $places);
$val = 4;
$places = (PHP_INT_SIZE * 8) - 3;
$res = $val << $places;
p($res, $val, '<<', $places, 'sign bits get shifted out');
$val = 4;
$places = (PHP_INT_SIZE * 8) - 2;
$res = $val << $places;
p($res, $val, '<<', $places, 'bits shift out left side');
echo "
--- BIT SHIFT LEFT ON NEGATIVE INTEGERS ---
";
$val = -4;
$places = 1;
$res = $val << $places;
p($res, $val, '<<', $places, 'zeros fill in right side');
$val = -4;
$places = (PHP_INT_SIZE * 8) - 3;
$res = $val << $places;
p($res, $val, '<<', $places);
$val = -4;
$places = (PHP_INT_SIZE * 8) - 2;
$res = $val << $places;
p($res, $val, '<<', $places, 'bits shift out left side, including sign bit');
/*
* Ignore this bottom section,
* it is just formatting to make output clearer.
*/
function p($res, $val, $op, $places, $note = '') {
$format = '%0' . (PHP_INT_SIZE * 8) . "b
";
printf("Expression: %d = %d %s %d
", $res, $val, $op, $places);
echo " Decimal:
";
printf(" val=%d
", $val);
printf(" res=%d
", $res);
echo " Binary:
";
printf(' val=' . $format, $val);
printf(' res=' . $format, $res);
if ($note) {
echo " NOTE: $note
";
}
echo "
";
}
?>