C++二维数组查找题

题目:在一个二维数组中,每一行都按照从左到右递增的顺序,每一列都按照从上到下递增的顺序排序,完成一个函数,输入这样的一个二维数组和一个整数,判断数组中是否有该函数。

如二维数组:

1 2 8 9
2 4 9 12
4 7 10 13
6 8 11 15

查找数字7,存在返回true;查找数字5,不存在,返回false;

处理方法:

最右上角的数字开始,如果查找数小于该数,则查找数一定位于该数左侧,排除该列,继续查找左侧剩下的矩阵;

如果查找数大于该数,则查找数一定位于该数下侧,排除该行,继续查找下侧剩下的矩阵,以此类推继续从剩下矩阵的右上角数字开始查找;

如果查找数字等于该数,则返回true;

如果已无矩阵剩下且仍未找到,则返回false。

代码:

bool Find(int *matrix, int rows, int columns, int number) {
    bool found = false;
    int row = 0, column = columns-1;
    if (matrix != NULL && rows > 0 &&columns >0) {
        while(row < rows && column >=0) {
            if(matrix[row*columns+column] == number) {
                found = true;
                break;
            } else if (matrix[row*columns+column] > number) {
                --column;
            } else {
                ++row;
            }
        }
    }
    return found;
}

完整测试代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
using namespace std;

bool Find(int *matrix, int rows, int columns, int number) {
    bool found = false;
    int row = 0, column = columns-1;
    if (matrix != NULL && rows > 0 &&columns >0) {
        while(row < rows && column >=0) {
            if(matrix[row*columns+column] == number) {
                found = true;
                break;
            } else if (matrix[row*columns+column] > number) {
                --column;
            } else {
                ++row;
            }
        }
    }
    if(found)
        cout << "The number found in row: " << row+1 <<", column: " << column+1 << '.' << endl;
    else
        cout << "The number is not found." << endl;
    cout << "------------------------------" << endl;
    return found;
}

void Test(int* matrix, int rows, int columns, int number) {
    cout << "-------The input matrix is: ------" << endl;
    for(int r = 0; r< rows; r++) {
        for(int c = 0; c < columns; c++) {
            if(r==rows)
                break;
            cout << matrix[r*columns+c] << '	';
            if(c==columns-1) {
                c = -1;
                ++r;
                cout << endl;
            }
        }
    }
    cout << endl << "The number to find: " << number << '.' << endl;
    Find(matrix, rows, columns, number);
}

int main() {
    int matrix[][4] = {{1, 2, 8, 9}, {2, 4, 9, 12}, {4, 7, 10, 13}, {6, 8, 11, 15}};
    Test((int*)matrix, 4, 4, 7);
    Test((int*)matrix, 4, 4, 5);
    Test((int*)matrix, 4, 4, 1);
    Test((int*)matrix, 4, 4, 15);
    Test((int*)matrix, 4, 4, 0);
    Test((int*)matrix, 4, 4, 16);
    Test((int*)matrix, 0, 0, 16);
    return 0;
    
    
}

参考资料:《剑指offer名企面试官精讲典型编程题》

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/RDaneelOlivaw/p/7358102.html