Python 学习笔记多线程-threading

多线程使用示例

import threading
from time import sleep, ctime

def func():
    print threading.current_thread().name, 'start'
    for i in range(10):
        print threading.current_thread().name, i
        sleep(1)
    print threading.current_thread().name, 'done'



def main():
    print 'test start...', threading.current_thread().name
    threads = []
    for i in range(10):
        t = threading.Thread(target=func, args=())   # 创建线程
        threads.append(t)

    for i in range(10):
        print threads[i].name
        threads[i].start()                           # 启动线程


    for i in range(10):
        threads[i].join()　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 # 等待线程结束

    print 'test done...', threading.current_thread().name

if __name__=='__main__':
    main()

输出示例（不看也罢）：

test start... MainThread
Thread-1
Thread-2
 Thread-1 start
 Thread-2 Thread-1 Thread-3
0
startThread-3 Thread-4
start
Thread-3 0Thread-5
 

Thread-4Thread-2  Thread-5 0Thread-6
start

start
Thread-5 Thread-4 0Thread-7
0 

Thread-6 start
Thread-6 0
 Thread-7Thread-8
 start
Thread-7 0
Thread-8 startThread-9

Thread-8 0
Thread-9 start
 Thread-9 0
Thread-10
Thread-10 start
Thread-10 0
Thread-3 Thread-2 1
1
Thread-7 Thread-1 11
 Thread-8Thread-6 1

Thread-4 1
 1
Thread-5 1Thread-9 1Thread-10 1


Thread-3 Thread-6 2Thread-7 Thread-4 Thread-2 
2
2
2
2
Thread-1 2
Thread-8 2
Thread-9 2
 Thread-5 2
Thread-10 2
Thread-6 3
Thread-2 3Thread-3Thread-4Thread-7
  3 3
 Thread-1 
33Thread-5
 
3
Thread-8 3
Thread-10 3Thread-9 3

Thread-6 4
 Thread-9 4Thread-5 
4
Thread-2 4
 Thread-3Thread-1 4Thread-7 4Thread-8
 Thread-4 4
 
4
 4Thread-10
 4
Thread-1 5
 Thread-5 5
 Thread-4 5
Thread-7 Thread-3 Thread-105 Thread-8 Thread-2 555



Thread-6 55Thread-9 
5

Thread-9 Thread-2 Thread-5 Thread-10 Thread-6Thread-1 6666

 6 Thread-7Thread-3 6
 Thread-8 

 6

Thread-4 666


Thread-10 7
Thread-6Thread-9 7Thread-1 7
 7
 Thread-3 Thread-8Thread-4 77
 Thread-5 7

Thread-2 7
Thread-7 
7
 7
Thread-10 8
Thread-8 8
 Thread-9Thread-2  88

Thread-1 8
Thread-5 8
 Thread-7 8
Thread-3 8
Thread-4 8
 Thread-6 8
Thread-10 9
 Thread-5 9Thread-8 9

Thread-3Thread-7 9
 Thread-9Thread-2  99

 9
Thread-1 9
Thread-4 9
 Thread-6 9
Thread-8 Thread-5 doneThread-10 donedone
 Thread-7 
done
Thread-9 done

 Thread-2 Thread-3 donedone

Thread-1 done
Thread-4 doneThread-6 done

test done... MainThread

输出示例

threading模块中的函数使用示例

# the function in the module threading
import threading
from time import sleep, ctime


# active_count()   return the num of active thread
# current_thread() return current thread object
# enumerate()      return the list of active threads
# settrace(func)   provide a func for all thread


def func():
    print threading.current_thread().name, 'start'
    print 'in', threading.current_thread().name,threading.enumerate()
    sleep(5)
    print threading.current_thread().name, 'done'

def main():
    print 'test start...', threading.current_thread().name
    threads = []

    print 'active threads num', threading.active_count()
    print 'active threads list', threading.enumerate()

    for i in range(10):
        t = threading.Thread(target=func, args=())
        threads.append(t)
        print 'creat thread', t.name

    print 'active threads num', threading.active_count()
    print 'active threads list', threading.enumerate()

    for i in range(10):
        threads[i].start()
        print threads[i].name, 'is started'
        print 'active threads num', threading.active_count()
        print 'active threads list', threading.enumerate()

    print '-----------------------'
    print 'active threads num', threading.active_count()
    print 'active threads list', threading.enumerate()

    for i in range(10):
        threads[i].join()


    print '-----------------------'
    print 'active threads num', threading.active_count()
    print 'active threads list', threading.enumerate()
    print 'test done...', threading.current_thread().name

if __name__=='__main__':
    main()

输出示例（谨慎操作，文件很乱）：

test start... MainThread
active threads num 1
active threads list [<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>]
creat thread Thread-1
creat thread Thread-2
creat thread Thread-3
creat thread Thread-4
creat thread Thread-5
creat thread Thread-6
creat thread Thread-7
creat thread Thread-8
creat thread Thread-9
creat thread Thread-10
active threads num 1
active threads list [<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>]
Thread-1 Thread-1 is startedstart

in Thread-1active threads num 2
active threads list  [[<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>]
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>]
Thread-2 start
in  Thread-2 Thread-2[<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>]
 is started
active threads num 3
active threads list [<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>]
Thread-3 startThread-3 
in Thread-3is started [
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>active threads num 4, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>
, <Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)>, active threads list [<Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>]
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)>, <Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>]
Thread-4 startThread-4
in  Thread-4is started [
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)>, <Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>, active threads num 5<Thread(Thread-4, started 139754510190336)>
]
active threads list [<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)>, <Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>, <Thread(Thread-4, started 139754510190336)>]
Thread-5 startThread-5
in  Thread-5 [<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, is started<Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>, <Thread(Thread-4, started 139754510190336)>, <Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)>, <Thread(Thread-5, started 139754501797632)>]

active threads num 6
active threads list [<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>, <Thread(Thread-4, started 139754510190336)>, <Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)>, <Thread(Thread-5, started 139754501797632)>]
Thread-6 start
in  Thread-6Thread-6 [ is started<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>, <Thread(Thread-6, started 139754493404928)>, <Thread(Thread-4, started 139754510190336)>, <Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)>, <Thread(Thread-5, started 139754501797632)>]

active threads num 7
active threads list [<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>, <Thread(Thread-6, started 139754493404928)>, <Thread(Thread-4, started 139754510190336)>, <Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)>, <Thread(Thread-5, started 139754501797632)>]
Thread-7 startThread-7
in Thread-7  [is started<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, 
<Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>, <Thread(Thread-6, started 139754493404928)>, <Thread(Thread-7, started 139754142168832)>, <Thread(Thread-4, started 139754510190336)>, <Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)>active threads num 8, <Thread(Thread-5, started 139754501797632)>]

active threads list [<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>, <Thread(Thread-6, started 139754493404928)>, <Thread(Thread-7, started 139754142168832)>, <Thread(Thread-4, started 139754510190336)>, <Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)>, <Thread(Thread-5, started 139754501797632)>]
Thread-8 start
in  Thread-8Thread-8 [ is started<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-8, started 139754133776128)>, 
<Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>, <Thread(Thread-6, started 139754493404928)>active threads num 9, <Thread(Thread-7, started 139754142168832)>, 
<Thread(Thread-4, started 139754510190336)>, active threads list [<Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)>, <Thread(Thread-5, started 139754501797632)>]
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-8, started 139754133776128)>, <Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>, <Thread(Thread-6, started 139754493404928)>, <Thread(Thread-7, started 139754142168832)>, <Thread(Thread-4, started 139754510190336)>, <Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)>, <Thread(Thread-5, started 139754501797632)>]
Thread-9 startThread-9
in  Thread-9 [is started<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-8, started 139754133776128)>
, <Thread(Thread-9, started 139754125383424)>active threads num 10, 
<Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>, <Thread(Thread-6, started 139754493404928)>, <Thread(Thread-7, started 139754142168832)>, active threads list [<Thread(Thread-4, started 139754510190336)>, <Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)>, <Thread(Thread-5, started 139754501797632)>]
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-8, started 139754133776128)>, <Thread(Thread-9, started 139754125383424)>, <Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>, <Thread(Thread-6, started 139754493404928)>, <Thread(Thread-7, started 139754142168832)>, <Thread(Thread-4, started 139754510190336)>, <Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)>, <Thread(Thread-5, started 139754501797632)>]
Thread-10 Thread-10 start
in Thread-10is started [
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>active threads num 11, 
<Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-8, started 139754133776128)>active threads list , [<Thread(Thread-9, started 139754125383424)>, <Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>, <Thread(Thread-6, started 139754493404928)>, <Thread(Thread-7, started 139754142168832)>, <Thread(Thread-10, started 139754116990720)>, <Thread(Thread-4, started 139754510190336)>, <Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)><_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, , <Thread(Thread-5, started 139754501797632)>]
<Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-8, started 139754133776128)>, <Thread(Thread-9, started 139754125383424)>, <Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>, <Thread(Thread-6, started 139754493404928)>, <Thread(Thread-7, started 139754142168832)>, <Thread(Thread-10, started 139754116990720)>, <Thread(Thread-4, started 139754510190336)>, <Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)>, <Thread(Thread-5, started 139754501797632)>]
-----------------------
active threads num 11
active threads list [<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 139754535368448)>, <Thread(Thread-8, started 139754133776128)>, <Thread(Thread-9, started 139754125383424)>, <Thread(Thread-2, started 139754526975744)>, <Thread(Thread-6, started 139754493404928)>, <Thread(Thread-7, started 139754142168832)>, <Thread(Thread-10, started 139754116990720)>, <Thread(Thread-4, started 139754510190336)>, <Thread(Thread-3, started 139754518583040)>, <Thread(Thread-5, started 139754501797632)>]
Thread-4 Thread-1 done
 Thread-7Thread-10 done
 Thread-5 doneThread-6
 Thread-2 Thread-9done
done
 doneThread-3 Thread-8done 
 
donedonedone


-----------------------
active threads num 1
active threads list [<_MainThread(MainThread, started 139754671793984)>]
test done... MainThread

输出示例

多线程使用示例二

import threading
from time import ctime, sleep

loops = (4, 2)


class MyThread(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, func, args, name=''):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.name = name
        self.func = func
        self.args = args

    def getResult(self):
        return self.res

    def run(self):
        print 'starting', self.name, 'at:', ctime()
        self.res = self.func(*self.args)
        print self.name, 'finished at:', ctime()



def loop(nloop, nsec):
    print 'start loop', nloop, 'at', ctime()
    sleep(nsec)
    print 'loop', nloop, 'done at:', ctime()


def main():
    print 'starting at:', ctime()
    threads = []
    nloops = range(len(loops))

    for i in nloops:
        t = MyThread(loop,(i, loops[i]), loop.__name__)
        threads.append(t)


    for i in nloops:
        threads[i].start()

    for i in nloops:
        threads[i].join()

    print 'all done at:', ctime()


if __name__=='__main__':
    main()

输出示例：

starting at: Sat Oct  6 00:58:05 2018
starting loop at: Sat Oct  6 00:58:05 2018
start loop 0 at Sat Oct  6 00:58:05 2018
starting loop at: Sat Oct  6 00:58:05 2018
start loop 1 at Sat Oct  6 00:58:05 2018
loop 1 done at: Sat Oct  6 00:58:07 2018
loop finished at: Sat Oct  6 00:58:07 2018
loop 0 done at: Sat Oct  6 00:58:09 2018
loop finished at: Sat Oct  6 00:58:09 2018
all done at: Sat Oct  6 00:58:09 2018

输出示例

自定义Thread类 my_thread_module.py

import threading
from time import ctime, sleep


class MyThread(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, func, args, name=''):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.name = name
        self.func = func
        self.args = args

    def getResult(self):
        return self.res

    def run(self):
        print 'starting', self.name, 'at:', ctime()
        self.res = self.func(*self.args)
        print self.name, 'finished at:', ctime()

单线程和多线程的比较

from my_thread_module import MyThread
from time import ctime, sleep

def fib(x):
    sleep(0.005)
    if x < 2: return 1
    return (fib(x-1) + fib(x-2))

def fac(x):
    sleep(0.1)
    if x < 2: return 1
    return (x * fac(x-1))

def sum(x):
    sleep(0.1)
    if x < 2: return 1
    return (x + sum(x-1))

funcs = [fib, fac, sum]
n = 12

def main():
    nfuncs = range(len(funcs))

    print '***single thread***'
    for i in nfuncs:
        print 'starting', funcs[i].__name__, 'at:', ctime()
        print funcs[i](n)
        print funcs[i].__name__, 'finished at:', ctime()

    print '
***multiple threads***'
    threads = []
    for i in nfuncs:
        t = MyThread(funcs[i],(n,),funcs[i].__name__)
        threads.append(t)

    for i in nfuncs:
        threads[i].start()

    for i in nfuncs:
        threads[i].join()
        print threads[i].getResult()

    print 'all done'

if __name__=='__main__':
    main()

输出示例：单线程用时5秒，多线程2秒

***single thread***
starting fib at: Sat Oct  6 01:40:07 2018
233
fib finished at: Sat Oct  6 01:40:09 2018
starting fac at: Sat Oct  6 01:40:09 2018
479001600
fac finished at: Sat Oct  6 01:40:11 2018
starting sum at: Sat Oct  6 01:40:11 2018
78
sum finished at: Sat Oct  6 01:40:12 2018

***multiple threads***
starting fib at: Sat Oct  6 01:40:12 2018
 starting startingfac sum  at:at: Sat Oct  6 01:40:12 2018
 Sat Oct  6 01:40:12 2018
sum finished at:fac finished at: Sat Oct  6 01:40:13 2018
 Sat Oct  6 01:40:13 2018
fib finished at: Sat Oct  6 01:40:14 2018
233
479001600
78
all done

输出示例

Python 学习笔记 多线程-threading

Python 学习笔记多线程-threading