BZOJ5315 [JSOI2018]防御网络 【仙人掌 + dp】

题目链接

BZOJ5315

题解

题目好吓人= =点仙人掌 + 斯坦纳树

我们只需求出对于所有选点的方案的斯坦纳树边长总和
(n)那么大当然不能状压,但是考虑一下如果这是一棵树,一个方案的贡献就是连接这些点的所有边
我们可以考虑计算每条边的贡献
一条边在树上有贡献,当且仅当它两端的树都存在被选择的点
那么这条边((u,v))贡献就是

[(2^{siz[u]} - 1)(2^{siz[v] - 1}) ]

其中(siz[u])表示断开这条边后(u)一侧的树大小

如果放到仙人掌上呢?
对于割边,和树是一样的
我们只需计算每个环的贡献
考虑我们对于一个环,选择了其中(K)个点所在外向树,那么就有连接(K)个点的环上的(K)段边,我们一定是除去最长那一条
所以我们断环为链,设(f[i][j][k])为选择了区间([i,j])的外向树【意味着端点必选,中间不一定选,区间外一定不选】,([i,j])中最大距离为(k)的方案数
那么有,即考虑最后一段的长度

[f[i][j][k] = (2^{siz[j]} - 1)(sumlimits_{x = 0}^{k}f[i][j - k][x] + sumlimits_{x = j - k + 1}^{j - 1}f[i][x][k]) ]

直接转移是(O(n^4))的,常数很小数据很水可以跑过。。。

当然可以前缀和优化成(O(n^3))
【其实是我前缀和写炸了,直接交一波暴力转移竟然(A)了。。。】

#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<map>
#define Redge(u) for (int k = h[u],to; k; k = ed[k].nxt)
#define REP(i,n) for (int i = 1; i <= (n); i++)
#define mp(a,b) make_pair<int,int>(a,b)
#define cls(s) memset(s,0,sizeof(s))
#define cp pair<int,int>
#define LL long long int
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 205,maxm = 100005,INF = 1000000000,P = 1000000007;
inline int read(){
	int out = 0,flag = 1; char c = getchar();
	while (c < 48 || c > 57){if (c == '-') flag = -1; c = getchar();}
	while (c >= 48 && c <= 57){out = (out << 3) + (out << 1) + c - 48; c = getchar();}
	return out * flag;
}
int h[maxn],ne = 1;
struct EDGE{int to,nxt;}ed[maxm];
inline void build(int u,int v){
	ed[++ne] = (EDGE){v,h[u]}; h[u] = ne;
	ed[++ne] = (EDGE){u,h[v]}; h[v] = ne;
}
int n,m;
inline int qpow(int a,int b){
	int re = 1;
	for (; b; b >>= 1,a = 1ll * a * a % P)
		if (b & 1) re = 1ll * re * a % P;
	return re;
}
int dfn[maxn],low[maxn],siz[maxn],fa[maxn],cnt,sum;
int v[maxn],K;
LL f[maxn][maxn][maxn],D[maxn][maxn][maxn],S[maxn][maxn][maxn],ans,bin[maxn];
void DP(int rt,int u){
	K = 0; int tot = 0;
	for (int i = u; i != rt; i = fa[i]){
		v[++K] = siz[i];
		siz[rt] += siz[i];
		tot += siz[i];
	}
	v[++K] = sum - tot;
	cls(f);
	for (int l = 1; l <= K; l++)
		for (int r = l; r <= K; r++)
			for (int k = 0; k <= r - l; k++){
				if (l == r){
					if (k == 0) f[l][r][k] = bin[v[l]] - 1;
					continue;
				}
				int d = 0,s = 0;
				for (int i = 0; i <= k; i++) d = (d + f[l][r - k][i]) % P;
				for (int i = r - k + 1; i < r; i++) s = (s + f[l][i][k]) % P;
				f[l][r][k] = (bin[v[r]] - 1) * (d + s) % P;
				ans = (ans + 1ll * (K - max(K - r + l,k)) * f[l][r][k] % P) % P;
			}
}
void dfs(int u){
	dfn[u] = low[u] = ++cnt; siz[u] = 1;
	Redge(u) if ((to = ed[k].to) != fa[u]){
		if (!dfn[to]){
			fa[to] = u; dfs(to);
			low[u] = min(low[u],low[to]);
		}
		else low[u] = min(low[u],dfn[to]);
		if (low[to] > dfn[u]){
			ans = (ans + 1ll * (bin[siz[to]] - 1) * (bin[sum - siz[to]] - 1) % P) % P;
			siz[u] += siz[to];
		}
	}
	Redge(u) if (fa[to = ed[k].to] != u && dfn[u] < dfn[to])
		DP(u,to);
}
int main(){
	bin[0] = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= 200; i++) bin[i] = bin[i - 1] * 2ll % P;
	n = read(); m = read();
	while (m--) build(read(),read());
	sum = n; dfs(1);
	ans = ans * qpow(bin[n],P - 2) % P;
	printf("%lld
",ans);
	return 0;
}

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Mychael/p/9197507.html