Django基础起步

优秀博客：

https://www.cnblogs.com/lhy-qingqiu/p/14017200.html

一、Django介绍

flask，FastApi是轻量级服务端开发框架

Django是重量级服务端开发框架

ORM：封装了数据库操作

form：校验请求数据

安装Django：

pip install django==2.1.7 #指定版本安装，默认是安装最新版本

注意：最新版本的Django对mysql版本也有要求

二、Django命令

1.创建项目命令：django-admin startproject test_django

2.启动项目命令：

　　python manage.py runserver 默认端口启动8000

　　python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002 指定端口启动，别人也可以访问

　　python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8002 指定端口启动，只能自己访问

3.创建子模块：python manage.py startapp user（创建完子模块需要在settings.py中INSTALLED_APPS下添加 user）

4.创建表结构：

　　python manage.py makemigrations #生成建表/更新表的py文件

　　python manage.py migrate #根据上面命令生成的py文件，来建表/更新表

三、setting.py修改

import os
 
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
 
 
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/deployment/checklist/
 
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '^28j+9pchzsrhs0w1p5n9hz+bp&4)dek8n8zd1+y0e+g4vvpxb'
 
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
 
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']  #设置允许那些ip可以进行访问，如果允许所有，则写成['*']
 
 
# Application definition
 
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'user',
    'order'
]
 
MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]  # 中间件用到
 
ROOT_URLCONF = 'sky.urls'
 
TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]  # 前后端不分离时用到
 
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'sky.wsgi.application'
 
 
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#databases
 
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}  # 数据库配置
 
 
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
 
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]
 
 
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/i18n/
 
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'  # 设置语言，'en-us':英文,'zh-Hans':中文
 
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'  # 设置时区，'UTC':标准时区,'Asia/Shanghai':亚洲上海时区
 
USE_I18N = True
 
USE_L10N = True
 
USE_TZ = False  # 设置是否使用标准时区时间，我们设置为False
 
 
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/static-files/
 
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')]  # 设置静态文件目录