NOIP2013

DAY1

转圈游戏

  列出式子(x+km)%n,快速幂。

// codevs3285
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#define LL long long
#define inf 1e18
#define Pi acos(-1.0)
#define free(a) freopen(a".in","r",stdin),freopen(a".out","w",stdout);
using namespace std;



LL power(LL a,LL b,LL c) {
	LL res=1;
	while (b) {
		if (b&1) res=res*a%c;
		b>>=1;a=a*a%c;
	}
	return res;
}
int main() {
	LL n,m,k,x;
	scanf("%lld%lld%lld%lld",&n,&m,&k,&x);
	printf("%lld",(m*power(10,k,n)%n+x)%n);
	return 0;
}

火柴排队

  刚刚看了题目我整个人就慌了。。尼玛怎么感觉跟快排有点关系,快排我百八年前就忘记怎么打了。。C++选手沉迷sort,日渐消瘦→_→。稍加分析,其实不过是个离散化逆序对。。

// codevs3286
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#define LL long long
#define MOD 99999997
#define inf 1e18
#define Pi acos(-1.0)
#define free(a) freopen(a".in","r",stdin),freopen(a".out","w",stdout);
using namespace std;

const int maxn=100010;
int a[maxn],b[maxn],ta[maxn],tb[maxn],c[maxn],pos[maxn],n;

int lowbit(int x) {return x&-x;}
int query(int x) {
	int s=0;
	for (int i=x;i;i-=lowbit(i)) s=(s+c[i])%MOD;
	return s;
}
void add(int x) {
	for (int i=x;i<=n;i+=lowbit(i)) c[i]=(c[i]+1)%MOD;
}
int main() {
	scanf("%d",&n);
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) scanf("%d",&a[i]),ta[i]=a[i];
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) scanf("%d",&b[i]),tb[i]=b[i];
	sort(ta+1,ta+1+n);
	sort(tb+1,tb+1+n);
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) a[i]=lower_bound(ta+1,ta+1+n,a[i])-ta;
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) b[i]=lower_bound(tb+1,tb+1+n,b[i])-tb;
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) pos[a[i]]=i;
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) b[i]=pos[b[i]];
	int ans=0;
	for (int i=n;i;i--) {
		ans=(ans+query(b[i]))%MOD;
		add(b[i]);
	}
	printf("%d",ans);
	return 0;
}

货车运输

  很显然,答案一定在图的最大生成树上。所以我们构出最大生成树,那么问题就转化为了在树上询问两点间的最小边权,一开始还想无脑树链剖分,然而不想打太长的代码。。那就倍增吧。

// codevs3287
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#define LL long long
#define MOD 99999997
#define inf 2147483647
#define Pi acos(-1.0)
#define free(a) freopen(a".in","r",stdin),freopen(a".out","w",stdout);
using namespace std;

const int maxn=100010,maxm=500010;
struct edge {int to,next,w;}e[maxn<<1];
struct data {int u,v,w;}c[maxm];
int head[maxn],f[maxn],fa[maxn][30],d[maxn][30],bin[30],deep[maxn],vis[maxn];
int n,m,cnt;

bool cmp(data a,data b) {
	return a.w>b.w;
}
void link(int u,int v,int w) {
	e[++cnt].to=v;e[cnt].next=head[u];head[u]=cnt;e[cnt].w=w;
	e[++cnt].to=u;e[cnt].next=head[v];head[v]=cnt;e[cnt].w=w;
}
int find(int x) {
	return f[x]==x ? x : f[x]=find(f[x]);
}
void dfs(int x) {
	vis[x]=1;
	for (int i=1;i<=20;i++) fa[x][i]=fa[fa[x][i-1]][i-1];
	for (int i=1;i<=20;i++) d[x][i]=min(d[x][i-1],d[fa[x][i-1]][i-1]);
	for (int i=head[x];i;i=e[i].next) if (e[i].to!=fa[x][0]) {
			deep[e[i].to]=deep[x]+1;
			fa[e[i].to][0]=x;
			d[e[i].to][0]=e[i].w;
			dfs(e[i].to);
		}
}
int lca(int x,int y) {
	if (deep[x]<deep[y]) swap(x,y);
	int t=deep[x]-deep[y],dx=inf,dy=inf;
	for (int i=0;bin[i]<=t;i++) if (t&bin[i]) {
			dx=min(dx,d[x][i]);x=fa[x][i];
		}
	for (int i=20;i>=0;i--) if (fa[x][i]!=fa[y][i]) {
			dx=min(d[x][i],dx);dy=min(d[y][i],dy);
			x=fa[x][i],y=fa[y][i];
		}
	return x==y ? min(dx,dy) : min(min(d[x][0],dx),min(d[y][0],dy));
}
int main() {
	bin[0]=1;for (int i=1;i<=20;i++) bin[i]=bin[i-1]<<1;
	scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
	for (int i=1;i<=m;i++) scanf("%d%d%d",&c[i].u,&c[i].v,&c[i].w);
	sort(c+1,c+1+m,cmp);
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) f[i]=i;
	for (int i=1;i<=m;i++) {
		int r1=find(c[i].u),r2=find(c[i].v);
		if (r1!=r2) {
			f[r1]=r2;
			link(c[i].u,c[i].v,c[i].w);
		}
	}
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) if (!vis[i]) dfs(i);
	int q;scanf("%d",&q);
	for (int x,y,i=1;i<=q;i++) {
		scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
		if (find(x)!=find(y)) puts("-1");
		else printf("%d
",lca(x,y));
	}
	return 0;
}

DAY2

积木大赛

  还以为要分治,稍加分析,发现就是个sb题。。

// codevs3288
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#define LL long long
#define MOD 99999997
#define inf 2147483647
#define Pi acos(-1.0)
#define free(a) freopen(a".in","r",stdin),freopen(a".out","w",stdout);
using namespace std;

const int maxn=100010;
int a[maxn],n;

int main() {
	scanf("%d",&n);
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) scanf("%d",&a[i]);
	int ans=0;
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) ans+=max(0,a[i]-a[i-1]);
	printf("%d",ans);
	return 0;
}

花匠

  很容易列出1d/1d的dp方程,然后这是个很经典的二维偏序问题,用树状数组做。h的值域是从0开始的,所以开始的时候要把他们全部加上1,Re了一发。。。要是联赛就完蛋了。。

  UPD:看了题解的我眼泪掉下来,尼玛怎么这么短,好像还是模拟。。。

// codevs3289
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#define LL long long
#define MOD 99999997
#define inf 2000000000
#define Pi acos(-1.0)
#define free(a) freopen(a".in","r",stdin),freopen(a".out","w",stdout);
using namespace std;

const int maxn=1000010;
int a[maxn],f[maxn][2],g[maxn][2],n,m;
int c0[maxn],c1[maxn],d0[maxn],d1[maxn];

int lowbit(int x) {return x&-x;}
int query(int *c,int x) {
	int s=0;
	for (int i=x;i;i-=lowbit(i)) s=max(s,c[i]);
	return s;
}
void add(int *c,int x,int val) {
	for (int i=x;i<=m;i+=lowbit(i)) c[i]=max(c[i],val);
}
int main() {
	scanf("%d",&n);
	m=0;
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) {scanf("%d",&a[i]);a[i]++;m=max(m,a[i]);}
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) {
		f[i][0]=query(c1,a[i]-1);
		g[i][1]=query(d0,a[i]-1)+1;
		f[i][1]=query(c0,m-a[i])+1;
		g[i][0]=query(d1,m-a[i]);
		add(c0,m-a[i]+1,f[i][0]);add(c1,a[i],f[i][1]+1);
		add(d0,a[i],g[i][0]);add(d1,m-a[i]+1,g[i][1]+1);
	}
	int ans=0;
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
		ans=max(ans,max(max(f[i][0],f[i][1]),max(g[i][0],g[i][1])));
	printf("%d",ans);
	return 0;
}

华容道

  脑袋好痛。。。

  UPD:终于切了mdzz(2016.11.7),网上题解很多,看了后才会的。。先处理出一个${move[x][y][i][j]}$数组,表示对于格子${(x,y)}$,它想要走到相邻${i}$方向的格子上去,空格在它相邻的${j}$位置。注意,这里想要到达的格子以及空格只局限于四周4格格子。可以发现,这个数组我们可以很轻松的通过BFS预处理出来。然后设计最短路状态:${dis[x][y][s]}$表示对于格子${(x,y)}$,空格在它相邻${s}$方向,从初始状态到达此状态的最小步数。然后转移的话就很显然,当前格子可以与空格交换位置。于是SPFA出解,注意特判起点与终点相同的情况。

// codevs3290
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<queue>
#define LL long long
#define inf 1000000000
#define Pi acos(-1.0)
#define free(a) freopen(a".in","r",stdin),freopen(a".out","w",stdout);
using namespace std;

struct data {int x,y,s;};
int move[31][31][4][4],dis[31][31][4],mark[31][31],vis[31][31][4],a[31][31];
int xx[4]={-1,1,0,0},yy[4]={0,0,-1,1};
int n,m,Q;

int bfs(int sx,int sy,int ex,int ey) {
	if (!a[sx][sy] || !a[ex][ey]) return inf;
	if (sx==ex && sy==ey) return 0;
	memset(mark,0,sizeof(mark));
	queue<data> q;
	q.push((data){sx,sy,0});mark[sx][sy]=1;
	while (!q.empty()) {
		data now=q.front();q.pop();
		for (int i=0;i<4;i++) {
			int x=now.x+xx[i],y=now.y+yy[i];
			if (!a[x][y] || mark[x][y]) continue;
			mark[x][y]=1;
			if (x==ex && y==ey) return now.s+1;
			q.push((data){x,y,now.s+1});
		}
	}
	return inf;
}
void calmove() {
	register int i;
	for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
		for (int j=1;j<=m;j++)
			for (int k=0;k<4;k++)
				for (int l=0;l<4;l++) move[i][j][k][l]=inf;
	for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
		for (int j=1;j<=m;j++) if (a[i][j]) {
				a[i][j]=0;
				for (int k=0;k<4;k++) {
					if (!a[i+xx[k]][j+yy[k]]) continue;
					for (int l=0;l<4;l++) 
						if (a[i+xx[l]][j+yy[l]]) {
							if (l<k) {move[i][j][k][l]=move[i][j][l][k];continue;}
							move[i][j][k][l]=bfs(i+xx[l],j+yy[l],i+xx[k],j+yy[k])+1;
							//printf("%d %d %d %d : %d
",i,j,k,l,move[i][j][k][l]);
						}
				}
				a[i][j]=1;
			}
}
void SPFA(int ex,int ey,int sx,int sy,int tx,int ty) {
	queue<data> q;
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
		for (int j=1;j<=m;j++)
			for (int k=0;k<4;k++) dis[i][j][k]=inf,vis[i][j][k]=0;
	a[sx][sy]=0;
	for (int i=0;i<4;i++) if (a[sx+xx[i]][sy+yy[i]]) {
			dis[sx][sy][i]=bfs(ex,ey,sx+xx[i],sy+yy[i]);
			q.push((data){sx,sy,i});
		}
	a[sx][sy]=1;
	while (!q.empty()) {
		data now=q.front();q.pop();
		vis[now.x][now.y][now.s]=0;
		for (int i=0;i<4;i++) {
			int x=now.x+xx[i];
			int y=now.y+yy[i];
			int s=i^1;
			if (!a[x][y]) continue;
			if (a[x][y] && dis[now.x][now.y][now.s]+move[now.x][now.y][now.s][i]<dis[x][y][s]) {
				dis[x][y][s]=dis[now.x][now.y][now.s]+move[now.x][now.y][now.s][i];
				if (!vis[x][y][s]) q.push((data){x,y,s}),vis[x][y][s]=1;
			}
		}
	}
	int ans=min(min(dis[tx][ty][0],dis[tx][ty][1]),min(dis[tx][ty][2],dis[tx][ty][3]));
	if (ans<inf) printf("%d
",ans);
	else puts("-1");
}
int main() {
	scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&m,&Q);
	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
		for (int j=1;j<=m;j++) scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
	calmove();
	for (int ex,ey,sx,sy,tx,ty,i=1;i<=Q;i++) {
		scanf("%d%d%d%d%d%d",&ex,&ey,&sx,&sy,&tx,&ty);
		if(!a[ex][ey] || !a[sx][sy] || !a[tx][ty]) puts("-1");
		else if (sx==tx && sy==ty) puts("0");
		else SPFA(ex,ey,sx,sy,tx,ty);
	}
	return 0;
}

  

  

  

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/MashiroSky/p/6016326.html