LeetCode---Hash Table

**299. Bulls and Cows
思路:抽屉法,放进secrets,拿出guess,最终cows = cows - bulls

public String getHint(String secret, String guess) {
    int bulls = 0;
    int cows = 0;
    int[] numbers = new int[10];
    for(int i = 0; i < secret.length(); i++){
        if(secret.charAt(i) == guess.charAt(i)) bulls++;
        numbers[secret.charAt(i) - '0']++;
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < guess.length(); i++){
        if(numbers[guess.charAt(i) - '0'] > 0) cows++;
        numbers[guess.charAt(i) - '0']--;
    }
    cows = cows - bulls;
    return bulls + "A" + cows + "B";
}
**380. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1)
思路:用空间复杂度换取时间复杂度,没有重复则用HashSet
public class RandomizedSet {

/** Initialize your data structure here. */
public RandomizedSet() {
    //list是由数组实现的,因此增加删除的复杂度为O(n),需要用空间复杂度换取时间复杂度
    list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
    map = new HashMap<Integer,Integer>();
}

/** Inserts a value to the set. Returns true if the set did not already contain the specified element. */
public boolean insert(int val) {
    if(map.containsKey(val)) return false;
    else{
        map.put(val,list.size());
        list.add(val);
    }
    return true;
}

/** Removes a value from the set. Returns true if the set contained the specified element. 由于删除时同时要删除list和map中的元素,保证O(1)则多了一个替换操作保证删除最后一个元素*/
public boolean remove(int val) {
    if(!map.containsKey(val)) return false;
    else{
        int loc = map.get(val);
        if(loc < list.size() - 1){
            int value = list.get(list.size() - 1);
            list.set(loc,value);
            map.put(value,loc);
        }
        map.remove(val);
        list.remove(list.size() - 1);
    }
    return true;
}

/** Get a random element from the set. */
public int getRandom() {
    Random rand = new Random();
    return list.get(rand.nextInt(list.size()));
}

	private ArrayList<Integer> list;
	private HashMap<Integer,Integer> map;
}
**381. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) - Duplicates allowed
思路同上
public class RandomizedCollection {

/** Initialize your data structure here. */
public RandomizedCollection() {
    //ArrayList是用数组实现的,LinkedHashSet继承HashSet,是由map实现的,remove操作时间复杂度为O(1),而且能根据添加顺序遍历
    list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
    map = new HashMap<Integer,LinkedHashSet<Integer>>();
}

/** Inserts a value to the collection. Returns true if the collection did not already contain the specified element. */
public boolean insert(int val) {
    if(map.containsKey(val)){
        map.get(val).add(list.size());
        list.add(val);
        return false;
    }
    else{
        map.put(val,new LinkedHashSet<Integer>());
        map.get(val).add(list.size());
        list.add(val);
    }
    return true;
}

/** Removes a value from the collection. Returns true if the collection contained the specified element. */
public boolean remove(int val) {
    if(!map.containsKey(val)) return false;
    else{
        int loc = map.get(val).iterator().next();
        map.get(val).remove(loc);
        if(loc < list.size() - 1){
            int value = list.get(list.size() - 1);
            list.set(loc,value);
            map.get(value).add(loc);
            map.get(value).remove(list.size() - 1);
        }
        list.remove(list.size() - 1);
        if(map.get(val).isEmpty()) map.remove(val);
    }
    return true;
}

/** Get a random element from the collection. */
public int getRandom() {
    Random rand = new Random();
    return list.get(rand.nextInt(list.size()));
}

    private ArrayList<Integer> list;
    private HashMap<Integer,LinkedHashSet<Integer>> map;
}
37. Sudoku Solver
思路:回溯,每次遇到'.'则循环遍历0-9看看符不符合,符合则递归调用继续填空,若所有都符合则满足,否则回溯,注意判断符合时的算法  

public void solveSudoku(char[][] board) {
    if(board.length == 0 || board[0].length == 0) return;
    solve(board);
}

public boolean solve(char[][] board){
    for(int i = 0; i < board.length; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < board[0].length; j++){
            if(board[i][j] == '.'){
                for(char k = '1'; k <= '9'; k++){
                    if(isValid(board,i,j,k)){
                        board[i][j] = k;
                        
                        if(solve(board)) return true;
                        else board[i][j] = '.';
                    }
                }
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
    return true;
}

public boolean isValid(char[][] board,int row,int col,char c){
    for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++){
        if(board[row][i] != '.' && board[row][i] == c) return false;
        if(board[i][col] != '.' && board[i][col] == c) return false;
        if(board[row / 3 * 3 + i / 3][col / 3 * 3 + i % 3] != '.' && board[row / 3 * 3 + i / 3][col / 3 * 3 + i % 3] == c) return false;
    }
    return true;
}
149. Max Points on a Line
思路:两层循环,每次统计相同的点、斜率为无穷的点和其他斜率的点,用map存斜率和个数,每一趟算一个最大值,注意存的时候需要先将int转化成double再计算  

public int maxPoints(Point[] points) {
    if(points.length <= 2) return points.length;
    int res = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < points.length; i++){
        HashMap<Double,Integer> map = new HashMap<Double,Integer>();
        int count = 0;
        int samePoint = 1;
        int infinite = 0;
        for(int j = 0; j < points.length; j++){
            if(i != j){
                if(points[i].x == points[j].x && points[i].y == points[j].y) samePoint++;
                else if(points[i].x == points[j].x) infinite++;
                else{
                    double dist = ((double)points[j].y - points[i].y) / (points[j].x - points[i].x);
                    if(map.containsKey(dist)) map.put(dist,map.get(dist) + 1);
                    else map.put(dist,1);
                }
            }
        }
        map.put((double)Integer.MAX_VALUE,infinite);
        for(Integer val : map.values()){
            count = Math.max(count,val + samePoint);
        }
        res = Math.max(res,count);
    }
    return res;
}
**316. Remove Duplicate Letters
思路:用map存下字符和相应的位置,这样就得到了最终结果的所有字符和它们出现的最后位置,然后开始索引为0,结束索引为values中最小的索引,需要连接的字符一定在这个范围中,每趟更新开始索引、结束索引以及map

public String removeDuplicateLetters(String s) {
    Map<Character,Integer> map = new HashMap<Character,Integer>();
    for(int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++){
        map.put(s.charAt(i),i);
    }
    
    StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
    int len = map.size();
    int j = 0;
    int begin = 0;
    int end = findMin(map);
    while(j < len){
        char c = 'z';
        int index = end;
        for(int k = begin; k <= end; k++){
            if(map.containsKey(s.charAt(k)) && s.charAt(k) < c){
                c = s.charAt(k);
                index = k;
            }
        }
        res = res.append(c);
        j++;
        if(map.containsKey(c)) map.remove(c);
        begin = index + 1;
        end = findMin(map);
    }
    return res.toString();
}

public int findMin(Map<Character,Integer> map){
    if(map.isEmpty()) return -1;
    int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    for(int val : map.values()){
        min = Math.min(min,val);
    }
    return min;
}
总结
349. Intersection of Two Arrays:可以用两个HashSet降低时间复杂度,也可以用一个HashSet对数组进行排序以后用两个指针降低空间复杂度  
350. Intersection of Two Arrays II:可以用HashMap存元素和数量,也可以排序后用双指针
36. Valid Sudoku:构造三个二维数组,分别代表行、列和块,每次遇到数字则将对应行的相应index置为1,以后再遇到则返回false,注意第i行第j列的位置对应块的block[i / 3 * 3 + j / 3][num]
290. Word Pattern:用空格分隔以后,用HashMap存两个数组的元素,注意如果key不存在要判断原来是否已经有该value,用map.containsValue()确保一一对应
136. Single Number:依次异或,最后剩下的那个数就是要求的那个数  
389. Find the Difference:抽屉法,放进s,拿出t
242. Valid Anagram:可以排序依次比较,也可以用抽屉法
205. Isomorphic Strings:用HashMap存两个string的字符,同290注意如果key不存在要判断原来是否已经有该value,用map.containsValue()确保一一对应
409. Longest Palindrome:用HashMap存字符和个数,偶数直接加num,奇数则加上num - 1,用标志位判断有没有奇数,有最后结果再加一
454. 4Sum II:用HashMap存前两个数组中任意元素组合之和以及个数,然后用同样的方法遍历后两个数组,能得到相反数则加上个数
274. H-Index:排序以后从后往前遍历
187. Repeated DNA Sequences:循环截取前10个字符,存入map,注意当出现重复字符串时只有当前个数为1才能返回结果,防止将同一结果返回多次
347. Top K Frequent Elements:利用map和PriorityQueue自定义排序得到topK
训练
463. Island Perimeter:遇到1则数island个数,看island右边和下面是否相邻着island,数neighbor,最后得island * 4 - neighbor * 2(只需看右边和下面)
447. Number of Boomerangs:用HashMap存距离和相同距离的个数,每次循环完计算个数以后清空map
438. Find All Anagrams in a String:从s开头循环,每次取p长度字符,判断和p是不是相同,注意判断方法用抽屉法,排序后equals会超时
451. Sort Characters By Frequency:使用优先队列PriorityQueue自定义排序,注意Map.Entry map.entrySet的使用方式
**138. Copy List with Random Pointer:利用map依次复制,第一次遍历复制label,第二次遍历复制next和random指针
提示
数据结构:
1.遇到不重复问题就想到HashSet
2.有对应关系想到map
3.熟练使用ArrayList LinkedList PriorityQueue HashMap HashSet TreeSet LinkedHashSet以及如何利用它们实现排序,看源码
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/LeonNew/p/6231689.html