Codeforces 897C Nephren gives a riddle:模拟【珂学】

题目链接:http://codeforces.com/contest/897/problem/C

题意:

  给你一些字符串:

    A: [What are you doing at the end of the world? Are you busy? Will you save us?]

    B: [What are you doing while sending "]

    C: ["? Are you busy? Will you send "]

    D: ["?]

  (中括号内为给出的字符串,问号、引号、空格也算在内)

  定义字符串f[0] = A,递推式f[n] = B + f[n-1] + C + f[n-1] + D

  比如:

    f[0] = [What are you doing at the end of the world? Are you busy? Will you save us?]

    f[1] = [What are you doing while sending "What are you doing at the end of the world? Are you busy? Will you save us?"? Are you busy? Will you send "What are you doing at the end of the world? Are you busy? Will you save us?"?]

  然后有q个询问,每个询问有两个整数n,k,让你输出f[n]的第k个字符。如果f[n]没有第k个字符,则输出'.'。

题解:

  定义la,lb,lc,ld分别代表字符串A,B,C,D的长度:

    la=75, lb=34, lc=32, ld=2

  定义len[i]为字符串f[i]的长度,很容易推出len[i] = (2^i)*la + (2^i - 1)*(lb + lc + ld)。

  因为len[i]有可能很大,而k只有10^18,所以当i>=54的时候,直接返回一个很大的数就行了(比如9e18)。

 

  对于每个询问,先判断是否k >= len[n]。如果是,直接输出'.'。

  否则就从后往前推位置。

  因为f[n] = B + f[n-1] + C + f[n-1] + D

  所以当前位置k在f[n]中的位置有5种情况:

    (1)k在B中,即k∈[1, lb]

    (2)k在第一个f[n-1]中,即k∈[lb+1, lb+len[n-1]]

    (3)k在C中,即k∈[lb+len[n-1]+1, lb+len[n-1]+lc]

    (4)k在第二个f[n-1]中,即k∈[lb+len[n-1]+lc+1, lb+len[n-1]*2+lc]

    (5)k在D中,即k∈[lb+len[n-1]*2+lc+1, lb+len[n-1]*2+lc+ld]

  对于情况1,3,5,找到k在B,C,D中对应的位置,输出即可:

    (1)k不变

    (3)k -= lb+len[n-1]

    (5)k -= lb+len[n-1]*2+lc

  对于情况2,4,将k变成在f[n-1]中的位置,继续执行这种变换即可。

    (2)k -= lb

    (4)k -= lb+len[n-1]+lc

  最多变换n次,所以总复杂度为O(qn)。

AC Code:

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <stdio.h>
 3 #include <string.h>
 4 
 5 using namespace std;
 6 
 7 long long n,k,q;
 8 long long la=75,lb=34,lc=32,ld=2;
 9 string a=" What are you doing at the end of the world? Are you busy? Will you save us?";
10 string b=" What are you doing while sending "";
11 string c=" "? Are you busy? Will you send "";
12 string d=" "?";
13 string s;
14 
15 long long len(long long i)
16 {
17     if(i>=54) return 9000000000000000000LL;
18     return ((1LL<<i)-1LL)*(la+lb+lc+ld)+la;
19 }
20 
21 inline bool cont(long long x,long long l,long long r)
22 {
23     return l<=x && x<=r;
24 }
25 
26 int main()
27 {
28     cin>>q;
29     while(q--)
30     {
31         cin>>n>>k;
32         if(k>len(n))
33         {
34             s+=".";
35             continue;
36         }
37         long long form=1;
38         for(long long i=n;i>=1;i--)
39         {
40             long long temp=len(i-1);
41             bool flag=false;
42             if(cont(k,1,lb)) form=2,flag=true;
43             if(cont(k,lb+temp+1,lb+temp+lc)) k-=lb+temp,form=3,flag=true;
44             if(cont(k,lb+temp*2+lc+1,lb+temp*2+lc+ld)) k-=lb+temp*2+lc,form=4,flag=true;
45             if(flag) break;
46             if(cont(k,lb+1,lb+temp)) k-=lb;
47             if(cont(k,lb+temp+lc+1,lb+temp*2+lc)) k-=lb+temp+lc;
48         }
49         if(form==1) s+=a[k];
50         if(form==2) s+=b[k];
51         if(form==3) s+=c[k];
52         if(form==4) s+=d[k];
53     }
54     cout<<s<<endl;
55 }
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Leohh/p/7966971.html