Orange'S学习笔记(一)

前段时间一直忙于其他事情, Orange'S的学习暂时搁浅了。现在可以更多时间学习编写操作系统了,把之前学过的重新温习一下。

学习环境

  Ubuntu 11.04 + Bochs 2.4.6 + NASM

主要工作

1. 第一章 马上动手写一个最小的“操作系统”

代码如下:

1 org 07c00h     ; tell the compiler that the program is loaded at 7c00
2   mov ax, cs
3 mov ds, ax
4 mov es, ax
5 call DispStr     ; call the example about string display
6   jmp $        ; unlimited loop
7  DispStr:
8 mov ax, BootMessage
9 mov bp, ax     ; ES:BP = address of string
10   mov cx, 16     ; CX = length of string
11   mov ax, 01301h     ; AH = 13, AL = 01h
12   mov bx, 000ch      ; page num = 0 (BH = 0), red word with black backgroud (BL = 0ch, highlight)
13   movdl, 0
14 int 10h       ; break at 10h
15   ret
16  BootMessage: db "Hello, OS World!"
17 times 510-($-$$) db 0 ; fill the remaining space to the number of the binary code reach 512 bytes
18  dw 0xaa55      ; end

要用NASM编译上述代码,首先要安装NASM,然后编译。

sudo aptitude install nasm
nasm boot.asm -o boot.bin
实 际上,这只是一个引导扇区。当BIOS检查第一个扇区,发现以0xAA55结束,BIOS就认为这是一个引导扇区。“一旦BIOS”发现了引导扇区,就会 将512字节的内容装载到内存地址0000:7c00处,然后跳转到0000:7c00处将控制权彻底交给这段引导代码。到此为止,计算机不再由BIOS 中固有的程序来控制,而变成由操作系统的一部分来控制。“

指令部分说明

  • org: 伪指令,用来规定目标程序存放单元的偏移量。比如,如果在源程序的第一条指令前用了如下指令: org 200h,那么,汇编程序会把指令指针的ip的值设成200h,即目标程序的第一个字节放在200h处,后面的 内容则顺序存放,除非遇上另一个org 语句;
  • $: 当前被编译的地址;
  • $$: 一个section开始被编译的地址。

其他nasm指令参见nasm中文手册(有需要的,可以留下e-mail)或登录http://www.mouseos.com/assembly/nasm03.html查看。

2. 第二章 搭建你的工作环境

通过安装Bochs来搭建我们的工作环境。目前Bochs最新的版本是2.4.6,下载地址是http://sourceforge.net /projects/bochs/files/bochs/2.4.6/

(1)Bochs安装及使用步骤

  • 下载源程序;
  • 安装build-essential,xorg-dev,libgtk2.0-dev;
sudo apt-get install build-essential xorg-dev libgtk2.0-dev
  • 编译安装;
$ ./configure --enable-debugger --enable-disasm
$ make
$ sudo make install
  • 利用bximage生成虚拟软盘。在输入bximage命令后,在第一步提示选择fd即可;
  • 将引导扇区写入软盘;
dd if=boot.bin of=a.img bs=512 count=1 conv=notrunc
  • 配置bochsrc,具体内容如下,
1 ###############################################################
2 # Configuration file for Bochs
3 ###############################################################
4
5 # how much memory the emulated machine will have
6  megs: 32
7
8 # filename of ROM images
9  romimage: file=/usr/local/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest #/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest
10  vgaromimage: file=/usr/local/share/bochs/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest #/usr/share/vgabios/vgabios.bin
11
12 # what disk images will be used
13  floppya: 1_44=a.img, status=inserted
14
15 # choose the boot disk.
16  boot: floppy
17
18 # where do we send log messages?
19 # log: bochsout.txt
20
21 # disable the mouse
22  mouse: enabled=0
23
24 # enable key mapping, using US layout as default.
25  keyboard_mapping: enabled=1, map=/usr/local/share/bochs/keymaps/x11-pc-us.map #/usr/share/bochs/keymaps/x11-pc-us.map
  • 运行Bochs,显示效果如下图所示,

(2)错误列表

在安装过程中和使用书带的光盘中的bochsrc时,出现了一些错误,解决方案列举如下,

  • Error 1:安装Bochs时,出现错误”install: cannot stat `./bochsdbg': No such file or directory“

          Solution:将源文件中bochs的文件夹名称改为bochsdbg即可。

  • Error 2: 运行bochs时,出现错误”bochsrc:10: vgaromimage directive malformed,“

    Solution: 将bochsrc文件中第10行vgaromimage: /usr/share/vgabios/vgabios.bin改为

        vgaromimage: file=/usr/share/vgabios/vgabios.bin

   具体错误输出如下:

bochs -f bochsrc
========================================================================
Bochs x86 Emulator
2.4.6
Build from CVS snapshot, on February
22, 2011
Compiled at Jun
10 2011, 18:44:49
========================================================================
00000000000i[ ] reading configuration from bochsrc
00000000000p[ ] >>PANIC<<
bochsrc:10: vgaromimage directive malformed.
00000000000e[CTRL ] notify called, but no bxevent_callback function is registered
========================================================================
Bochs is exiting with the following
message:
[ ]
bochsrc:10: vgaromimage directive malformed.
========================================================================
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CPU is
in real mode (active)
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CS.d_b =
16 bit
00000000000i[CPU0 ] SS.d_b =
16 bit
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | EAX=
00000000 EBX=00000000 ECX=00000000 EDX=00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | ESP=
00000000 EBP=00000000 ESI=00000000 EDI=00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | IOPL=
0 id vip vif ac vm rf nt of df if tf sf zf af pf cf
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | SEG selector base limit G D
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | SEG sltr(index|ti|rpl) base limit G D
00000000000i[CPU0 ] |
CS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] |
DS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] |
SS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] |
ES:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] |
FS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] |
GS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | EIP=
00000000 (00000000)
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | CR0=0x00000000 CR2=0x00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | CR3=0x00000000 CR4=0x00000000
bx_dbg_read_linear: physical memory read error (phy=0x0000000000000000, lin=0x00000000)
00000000000i[CTRL ] quit_sim called with exit code
1
  • Error 3: 运行bochsrc时,出现错误”ROM: couldn't open ROM image file '/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest'.“

    Solution: 将bochsrc文件中第9行romimage: file=/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest改为

                  romimage: file=/usr/local/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest #/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest

         具体错误输出如下:

Event type: PANIC
Device: [MEM0 ]
Message: ROM: couldn't open ROM image file '/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest'.

A PANIC has occurred. Do you want to:
cont - continue execution
alwayscont - continue execution, and don
't ask again.
This affects only PANIC events from device [MEM0 ]
die - stop execution now
abort - dump core
debug - continue
and return to bochs debugger
Choose one of the actions
above: [die]
  • Error 4: 运行bochsrc时,出现关于Keymap的错误,见下图,

error-keymap

   Solution: 将bochsrc文件中最后一行keyboard_mapping: enabled=1, map=/usr/share/bochs/keymaps/x11-pc-us.map改为

                keyboard_mapping: enabled=1, map=/usr/local/share/bochs/keymaps/x11-pc-us.map #/usr/share/bochs/keymaps   

         /x11-pc-us.map

  • Error 5: 调试引导扇区程序是,出现错误”syntax error at 'dump_cpu'“

    Solution: None. bochs 2.3.5 以上的版本没有dump_cpu了,可以用r,fp,mmx,sse,dreg,sreg,creg命令代替。

附录

希望大家多多指正,如有转载,请注明出处http://www.cnblogs.com/JohnShao/archive/2011/10/23/2221565.html

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/JohnShao/p/2221565.html