使用canvas制作五子棋游戏

要制作JS五子棋的话我们可以一开始来理清一下思路，这样对我们后来的编程是有好处的

1、棋盘使用canvas制作。canvas用来做这种不用太过复杂的图形的时候是很有用处的，下图是我制作的一个五子棋棋盘

2、确定你是想做PC端的还是做移动端的

3、点击的棋子是放在棋盘上，还是另建一个canvas画布

对于这个问题，我选择了新建一个canvas画布，如果不新建的话，如果想有撤回按钮(我这边没放上去)，不太好操作，因为使用API删除会不干净，所以我使用的是存下棋子数组，每一次下棋子，存入数组后，清空棋盘，重新绘制，那每次还要重新绘制一个棋盘，所以我把棋盘作为了一个固定的canvas。还有一点，棋盘的绘制，如果棋盘和canvas画布一样大小的话，下在最旁边的棋子是会有一部分看不见的，所以要么这个canvas大一部分，要么另起一个只放置棋子的画布。

HTML：

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 
 4 <head>
 5     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 6     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no" />
 7     <meta name="viewport" content="target-densitydpi=320,width=640,user-scalable=no">
 8     <link rel="stylesheet" href="./CSS/reset.css">
 9     <link rel="stylesheet" href="./CSS/index.css">
10     <script type="text/javascript">
11         window.onresize = function () {
12             resetPage();
13         }
14         function resetPage() {
15             var deviceWidth = document.documentElement.clientWidth || document.body.clientWidth;
16             var deviceHeight = document.documentElement.clientHeight || document.body.clientHeight;
17             var scale = deviceWidth / 480;
18             deviceHeight = deviceHeight / scale;
19             document.body.style.zoom = scale;
20             document.body.style.height = deviceHeight + 'px';
21         }
22 
23     </script>
24     <title>Document</title>
25 </head>
26 
27 <body>
28     <canvas id="canvas_0" width="560px" height="560px"></canvas>
29     <canvas id="canvas_1" width="600px" height="600px"></canvas>
30     <div id="shadowBox"></div>
31     <div id="back1">后退</div>
32     <div id="back2">后退</div>
33     <script type="text/javascript" src="./JS/index.js"></script>
34 </body>
35 
36 </html>

canvas_0是棋盘canvas

canvas_1是棋子canvas

shadowBox是外面的边框(可以优化到canvas_0里面去)

后退按钮做了，不过没有放上去，在JS中功能有做出来。

CSS

#canvas_0 {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    position: fixed;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    border: 1px solid black;
    background-color: #FFD75B;
    z-index: 5;
}

#canvas_1 {
    position: fixed;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    z-index: 10;
}
#shadowBox{
    position: fixed;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    border: 20px solid #FFD75B;
}
#back1{
    position: absolute;
    top: 10%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    line-height: 50px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    font-size: 20px;
    background-color: red;
    color: white;
}
#back2{
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 10%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    line-height: 50px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    font-size: 20px;
    background-color: red;
    color: white;
}

这里面没有什么需要注意的，因为本身canvas里面的东西和CSS就没多大关系

JavaScript代码有很多，我分开讲

JS => 起始部分

var Board = document.getElementById('canvas_0');
var BoardToGraw = document.getElementById('canvas_1');
var shadowBox = document.getElementById('shadowBox');
var back = document.getElementById('back1');
var back = document.getElementById('back2');
var windowWidth = document.documentElement.clientWidth || document.body.clientWidth;//拿到当前浏览器可视宽度
var windowHeight = document.documentElement.clientHeight || document.body.clientHeight;//拿到当前浏览器可视高度
Board.style.width = windowWidth * 0.9 + "px";//棋盘宽度为当前浏览器可视宽度的90%
Board.style.height = windowWidth * 0.9 + "px";//棋盘高度为当前浏览器可视宽度的90%
BoardToGraw.style.width = windowWidth * 0.9 + 40 + "px";//棋子canvas宽度为当前浏览器可视宽度的90% + 左右各20px
BoardToGraw.style.height = windowWidth * 0.9 + 40 + "px";//棋子canvas高度为当前浏览器可视宽度的90% + 上下各20px
shadowBox.style.width = windowWidth * 0.9 + "px";//边框宽度为当前浏览器可视宽度的90%
shadowBox.style.height = windowWidth * 0.9 + "px";//边框高度为当前浏览器可视宽度的90%

JS => 棋盘部分

var piecesList = [];//棋子数组
// 15×15
if (Board.getContext) {
    var ctx0 = Board.getContext('2d'); /*获取上下文，或者说绘制工具箱ctx*/
    /*1、构造函数*/
    var LineChart = function (ctx0) {
        /*获取绘图工具*/
        this.ctx0 = ctx0 || document.getElementById('canvas_0').getContext('2d');
        /*画布的大小*/
        this.canvasWidth = 560;//这里是算过了，560/14 = 20 ， 每个格子20
        this.canvasHeight = 560;
    }
    /*2、行为方法 */
    LineChart.prototype.init = function () {
        this.drawGrid();
        // 画四个点
        let LineTotal = 13;
        let EmptyWidth = this.canvasWidth / (LineTotal + 1);
        this.DrawCircle(EmptyWidth * 3, EmptyWidth * 3, 5, "#000");
        this.DrawCircle(this.canvasWidth - EmptyWidth * 3, EmptyWidth * 3, 5, "#000");
        this.DrawCircle(EmptyWidth * 3, this.canvasHeight - EmptyWidth * 3, 5, "#000");
        this.DrawCircle(this.canvasWidth - EmptyWidth * 3, this.canvasHeight - EmptyWidth * 3, 5, "#000");
    }
    /*绘制网格*/
    LineChart.prototype.drawGrid = function () {
        /*x方向的线*/
        let LineTotal = 13;
        let EmptyWidth = this.canvasWidth / (LineTotal + 1);
        //画X轴方向
        for (let i = 0; i < LineTotal; i++) {
            this.ctx0.beginPath();
            this.ctx0.moveTo(0, EmptyWidth * (i + 1));
            this.ctx0.lineTo(this.canvasWidth, EmptyWidth * (i + 1));
            this.ctx0.strokeStyle = '#000';
            this.ctx0.closePath();
            this.ctx0.stroke();
        }
        /*y方向的线*/
        for (let i = 0; i < LineTotal; i++) {
            this.ctx0.beginPath();
            this.ctx0.moveTo(EmptyWidth * (i + 1), 0);
            this.ctx0.lineTo(EmptyWidth * (i + 1), this.canvasHeight);
            this.ctx0.strokeStyle = '#000';
            this.ctx0.closePath();
            this.ctx0.stroke();
        }
    }
    LineChart.prototype.DrawCircle = function (start, end, r, color) {
        this.ctx0.beginPath();
        this.ctx0.moveTo(start - r, end);
        this.ctx0.arc(start, end, r, 2 * Math.PI, 0, true);
        this.ctx0.strokeStyle = color;
        this.ctx0.closePath();
        this.ctx0.fillStyle = color;
        this.ctx0.fill();
    }
    var lineChart = new LineChart();
    lineChart.init();
} else {
    console.log("error!!!");
}

由于棋盘是14 × 14的，所以一共要画13条宽，13条高，其中棋盘宽高的1/14就是一个格子的宽度，我这边设置成了20

LineChart.prototype.DrawCircle是我用来画五子棋的四个小黑点的，原理和画棋子差不多。
JS => 棋子部分
if (BoardToGraw.getContext) {
    var ctx0 = BoardToGraw.getContext('2d'); /*获取上下文，或者说绘制工具箱ctx*/
    /*1、构造函数*/
    var LineChart2 = function (ctx0) {
        /*获取绘图工具*/
        this.ctx0 = ctx0 || document.getElementById('canvas_1').getContext('2d');
        /*画布的大小*/
        this.canvasWidth = 600;
        this.canvasHeight = 600;
    }
    //绘制整个棋子数组的函数
    LineChart2.prototype.DrawCircleList = function (circleList) {
        let r = 18;
        for(circle of circleList){
            this.ctx0.beginPath();
            this.ctx0.moveTo(circle.X * 40 + 20 - r, circle.Y);
            this.ctx0.arc(circle.X * 40 + 20, circle.Y * 40 + 20, r, 2 * Math.PI, 0, true);
            this.ctx0.strokeStyle = circle.color;
            this.ctx0.closePath();
            this.ctx0.fillStyle = circle.color;
            this.ctx0.fill();
        }
    }
    var LineChart2 = new LineChart2();
} else {
    console.log("error!!!");
}

棋子部分的canvas代码就很简单了，因为只需要获取棋子数组，然后画出来就OK，所以只有一个绘制函数

JS => 触摸事件部分，以左上角小黑点为例，写了很详细的注释

BoardToGraw.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
    //每click一次，清除一次canvas，数组中添加当前棋子，重绘
    let x = event.offsetX;
    let y = event.offsetY;
    //棋子排位位置
    let rankingX, rankingY;
    //最终画出的位置
    let endX, endY;
    var data = {};//用于储存单个棋子信息
    var color = (piecesList.length % 2) == 1 ? "white" : "black";//从黑开始交替下子
    rankingX = Math.round((x - 20) / 40);//比如如果是左上角的小黑点位置的棋子，rankingX = 3
    rankingY = Math.round((y - 20) / 40);//比如如果是左上角的小黑点位置的棋子，rankingY = 3
    //rankingX,rankingY可能为-0
    rankingX == -0 ? rankingX = 0 : rankingX = rankingX;//如果是-0，转化为0
    rankingY == -0 ? rankingY = 0 : rankingY = rankingY;//如果是-0，转化为0
    endX = rankingX * 40 + 20;//真正应该画在的地方，endX = 140
    endY = rankingY * 40 + 20;//真正应该画在的地方，endY = 140
    //封装进piecesList的棋子排位对象
    data.X = rankingX;
    data.Y = rankingY;
    data.color = color;
    //data = {X:3,Y:3,color:"black"}
    for (pieces of piecesList) {//如果此次下的棋子位置与之前的棋子数组中的发生重复，那么退出这个函数
        if (pieces.X == data.X && pieces.Y == data.Y) {
            return;
        }
    }
    clearCanvas();//清除整个棋子canvas
    piecesList.push(data);//下棋成功，push进棋子数组
    LineChart2.DrawCircleList(piecesList);//将push后的棋子数组传入绘制函数
    checkFiveLink(piecesList);//重绘后，判断是否有胜利者。
})

JS => 判断是否有胜利者

这里每次下棋只会判断当前棋子color的所有者会不会胜利，因为只有最后一个棋子，才有可能胜利，之前的棋子都是已经判断过的。

由于水平，垂直，倾斜的都可能成功连成五子，所以其实一共有8个方向 => 左、右、上、下、左下、左上、右下、右上。

而有可能我会下在两个棋子的中间，所以每次应该同时判断两个方向 => 左右、上下、左上及右下、左下及右上。

//用于判断是否有五子相连的函数
var checkFiveLink = function (piecesList) {
    let nowPrices = piecesList[piecesList.length - 1];
    let bolleanLr = lrCheck(piecesList, nowPrices);
    let bolleanTb = tbCheck(piecesList, nowPrices);
    let bolleanRtLb = rtLbCheck(piecesList, nowPrices);
    let bolleanLtRb = ltRbCheck(piecesList, nowPrices);
    if (bolleanLr || bolleanTb || bolleanRtLb || bolleanLtRb) {
        alert(`${nowPrices.color} : success !!!`);
        clearCanvas();
    }
}
//水平
var lrCheck = function (piecesList, nowPrices) {
    var count = 1;
    var count2 = 1;
    //右
    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        let obj = {};
        obj.X = nowPrices.X + i + 1;
        obj.Y = nowPrices.Y;
        obj.color = nowPrices.color;
        let staticNum = count;
        for (piece of piecesList) {
            if (piece.X == obj.X && piece.Y == obj.Y && piece.color == obj.color) {
                count++;
            }
        }
        if (staticNum == count) {
            break;
        }
    }
    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        let obj = {};
        obj.X = nowPrices.X - i - 1;
        obj.Y = nowPrices.Y;
        obj.color = nowPrices.color;
        let staticNum = count2;
        for (piece of piecesList) {
            if (piece.X == obj.X && piece.Y == obj.Y && piece.color == obj.color) {
                count2++;
            }
        }
        if (staticNum == count2) {
            break;
        }
    }
    let Link = count + count2 - 1;
    if (Link >= 5) {
        return true;
    }
    else {
        return false;
    }
}
//竖直
var tbCheck = function (piecesList, nowPrices) {
    var count = 1;
    var count2 = 1;
    //上
    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        let obj = {};
        obj.X = nowPrices.X;
        obj.Y = nowPrices.Y + i + 1;
        obj.color = nowPrices.color;
        let staticNum = count;
        for (piece of piecesList) {
            if (piece.X == obj.X && piece.Y == obj.Y && piece.color == obj.color) {
                count++;
            }
        }
        if (staticNum == count) {
            break;
        }
    }
    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        let obj = {};
        obj.X = nowPrices.X;
        obj.Y = nowPrices.Y - i - 1;
        obj.color = nowPrices.color;
        let staticNum = count2;
        for (piece of piecesList) {
            if (piece.X == obj.X && piece.Y == obj.Y && piece.color == obj.color) {
                count2++;
            }
        }
        if (staticNum == count2) {
            break;
        }
    }
    let Link = count + count2 - 1;
    if (Link >= 5) {
        return true;
    }
    else {
        return false;
    }
}
//右上至左下
var rtLbCheck = function (piecesList, nowPrices) {
    var count = 1;
    var count2 = 1;
    //右上
    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        let obj = {};
        obj.X = nowPrices.X + i + 1;
        obj.Y = nowPrices.Y + i + 1;
        obj.color = nowPrices.color;
        let staticNum = count;
        for (piece of piecesList) {
            if (piece.X == obj.X && piece.Y == obj.Y && piece.color == obj.color) {
                count++;
            }
        }
        if (staticNum == count) {
            break;
        }
    }
    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        let obj = {};
        obj.X = nowPrices.X - i - 1;
        obj.Y = nowPrices.Y - i - 1;
        obj.color = nowPrices.color;
        let staticNum = count2;
        for (piece of piecesList) {
            if (piece.X == obj.X && piece.Y == obj.Y && piece.color == obj.color) {
                count2++;
            }
        }
        if (staticNum == count2) {
            break;
        }
    }
    let Link = count + count2 - 1;
    if (Link >= 5) {
        return true;
    }
    else {
        return false;
    }
}
//左上至右下
var ltRbCheck = function (piecesList, nowPrices) {
    var count = 1;
    var count2 = 1;
    //左上
    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        let obj = {};
        obj.X = nowPrices.X - i - 1;
        obj.Y = nowPrices.Y + i + 1;
        obj.color = nowPrices.color;
        let staticNum = count;
        for (piece of piecesList) {
            if (piece.X == obj.X && piece.Y == obj.Y && piece.color == obj.color) {
                count++;
            }
        }
        if (staticNum == count) {
            break;
        }
    }
    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        let obj = {};
        obj.X = nowPrices.X + i + 1;
        obj.Y = nowPrices.Y - i - 1;
        obj.color = nowPrices.color;
        let staticNum = count2;
        for (piece of piecesList) {
            if (piece.X == obj.X && piece.Y == obj.Y && piece.color == obj.color) {
                count2++;
            }
        }
        if (staticNum == count2) {
            break;
        }
    }
    let Link = count + count2 - 1;
    if (Link >= 5) {
        return true;
    }
    else {
        return false;
    }
}

JS = > 其他部分

back1.addEventListener('click',(event)=>{
    backStep();
})
back2.addEventListener('click',(event)=>{
    backStep();
})
//清除canvas画布
function clearCanvas() {
    var c = document.getElementById("canvas_1");
    c.height = c.height;
}
//后退一步
function backStep() {
    var c = document.getElementById("canvas_1");
    c.height = c.height;
    piecesList.pop();
    LineChart2.DrawCircleList(piecesList);
}

这个小网页我放在了我的服务器上，大家可以通过链接http://www.jobsofferings.cn/五子棋/index.html进行访问，谢谢大家

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/JobsOfferings/p/JonsOfferings_five.html