Linux安装MySQL

编辑于2021-02-19

本文中MySQL安装目录为/usr/local/mysql

上传MySQL安装包至/usr/local目录，执行命令解压
```
[root@JetXi local]# tar zxf mysql-5.7.28-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
```

对该目录进行改名，便于配置

[root@JetXi local]# mv mysql-5.7.28-el7-x86_64 mysql

创建data目录和log目录，并创建log文件

[root@JetXi local]# mkdir mysql/data
[root@JetXi local]# mkdir mysql/log
[root@JetXi local]# touch mysql/log/mysql.log

创建mysql组和mysql用户

[root@JetXi local]# groupadd mysql
[root@JetXi local]# useradd -g mysql mysql

将MySQL安装目录所属的用户和组改为MySQL
```
[root@JetXi local]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql
```
将MySQL安装目录的权限修改为755，即文件拥有者对其可读可写可执行，其他同组用户和组外用户对其可读可执行
```
[root@JetXi local]# chmod 755 mysql
```

拷贝mysql.server文件

[root@JetXi local]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

配置该文件

[root@JetXi local]# vi /etc/init.d/mysql
    basedir=/usr/local/mysql
    datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

配置/etc/my.cnf文件

[root@JetXi local]# vi /etc/my.cnf
    [mysql]
    default-character-set=utf-8
    socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

    [mysqld]
    basedir=/usr/local/mysql
    datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
    socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
    port=3306
    default-storage-engine=INNODB
    # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
    symbolic-links=0
    # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
    # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
    # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
    # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

    [mysqld_safe]
    log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql.log
    pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid

将MySQL添加到环境变量

[root@JetXi local]# vi /etc/profile
    export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@JetXi local]# source /etc/profile

初始化MySQL，初始化成功输出的信息中，最后一行是MySQL的临时密码

mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
    ...
    2021-02-19T20:41:02.054551Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for           root@localhost: BUcyY36C3L;<

启动MySQL服务
```
[root@JetXi local]# service mysql start
```

使用初始化生成的密码登录MySQL，登录成功说明配置成功

[root@JetXi ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.28

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

修改MySQL密码

mysql> set password=password("JetXi");
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

若登录时提示密码过期，则编辑my.cnf文件，配置免密码登录
```
[root@JetXi local]# vi /etc/my.cnf
    skip-grant-tables
```
重启MySQL服务
```
[root@JetXi local]# service mysql restart
```
登录MySQL，直接回车进入
```
[root@JetXi local]# mysql -uroot -p
```
更新相关字段，解除密码过期限制
```
mysql> update mysql.user set password_expired='N'
```
退出MySQL，注释掉刚才my.cnf中的跳过验证代码，保存退出，重启MySQL服务
```
[root@JetXi local]# service mysql restart
```
重复13、14步骤