python处理xml中非法字符的一种思路

非法字符在xml中的存储一直比较讨厌,其实这个非法字符并不仅仅是非可见字符,还包括xml中规定的某些特殊字符,比如<&>等。
一种比较方便的处理方式是将那些非法字符采用HEX方式存储或者base64加密后存储,以下是两个函数展示怎么采用base64加密的方式妥善处理那些非法字符,既保证数据的完整性,又能保持可读。毕竟所生成的xml不仅仅是用于机器读取,而且很大一部分还要对人阅读友好。其中的思路是:对于存在非法字符的字符串,统一使用base64加密,在生成的xml标签中增加base64=True属性,对于不存在非法字符的,直接显示原始数据,生成的标签中也不再添加base64属性。这样既能保证数据的完整性,又能保持xml的可读性。

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

"""
Created on 2011-11-08
@summary: helper functions may be used in xml process
@author: JerryKwan
"""
try:
    import xml.sax.saxutils
except ImportError:
    raise ImportError("requires xml.sax.saxutils package, pleas check if xml.sax.saxutils is installed!")
import base64
import logging

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

__all__ = ["escape", "unescape"]

def escape(data):
    """
    @summary:
            Escape '&', '<', and '>' in a string of data.
            if the data is not ascii, then encode in base64
    @param data: the data to be processed
    @return
        {"base64": True | False,
         "data": data}
    """

    # check if all of the data is in ascii code
    is_base64 = False
    escaped_data = ""
    try:
        data.decode("ascii")
        is_base64 = False
        # check if the data should be escaped to be stored in xml
        escaped_data = xml.sax.saxutils.escape(data)
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        logger.debug("%s is not ascii-encoded string, so i will encode it in base64")
        # base64 encode
        escaped_data = base64.b64encode(data)
        is_base64 = True
    return {"base64": is_base64,
            "data": escaped_data}

def unescape(data, is_base64 = False):
    """
    @summary:
            Unescape '&', '<', and '>' in a string of data.
            if base64 is True, then base64 decode will be processed first
    @param data: the data to be processed
    @param base64: specify if the data is encoded by base64
    @result: unescaped data
    """
    # check if base64
    unescaped_data = data
    if is_base64:
        try:
            unescaped_data = base64.b64decode(data)
        except Exception, ex:
            logger.debug("some excpetion occured when invoke b64decode")
            logger.error(ex)
            print ex
    else:
        # unescape it
        unescaped_data = xml.sax.saxutils.unescape(data)

    return unescaped_data

if __name__ == "__main__":

    def test(data):
        print "original data is: ", data
        t1 = escape(data)
        print "escaped result: ", t1
        print "unescaped result is: ", unescape(t1["data"], t1["base64"])
        print "#" * 50

    test("123456")
    test("测试")
    test("< & >")
    test("`!@#$%^&*:'\"-=")
    print "just a test"
    

 注意:上述方法做的比较简单,只是处理了ascii字符和<&>,非ascii统一使用base64加密,要想做兼容性更好一些的话,可以采用chardet包,将字符串同意转换成utf-8存储,这样一来适用性会强很多。



原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Jerryshome/p/2277635.html