Traceback模块官方英文描述：
1 Help on module traceback: 2 3 NAME 4 traceback - Extract, format and print information about Python stack traces. 5 6 FILE 7 /usr/lib64/python2.7/traceback.py 8 9 FUNCTIONS 10 extract_stack(f=None, limit=None) 11 Extract the raw traceback from the current stack frame. 12 13 The return value has the same format as for extract_tb(). The 14 optional 'f' and 'limit' arguments have the same meaning as for 15 print_stack(). Each item in the list is a quadruple (filename, 16 line number, function name, text), and the entries are in order 17 from oldest to newest stack frame. 18 19 extract_tb(tb, limit=None) 20 Return list of up to limit pre-processed entries from traceback. 21 22 This is useful for alternate formatting of stack traces. If 23 'limit' is omitted or None, all entries are extracted. A 24 pre-processed stack trace entry is a quadruple (filename, line 25 number, function name, text) representing the information that is 26 usually printed for a stack trace. The text is a string with 27 leading and trailing whitespace stripped; if the source is not 28 available it is None. 29 30 format_exc(limit=None) 31 Like print_exc() but return a string. 32 33 format_exception(etype, value, tb, limit=None) 34 Format a stack trace and the exception information. 35 36 The arguments have the same meaning as the corresponding arguments 37 to print_exception(). The return value is a list of strings, each 38 ending in a newline and some containing internal newlines. When 39 these lines are concatenated and printed, exactly the same text is 40 printed as does print_exception(). 41 42 format_exception_only(etype, value) 43 Format the exception part of a traceback. 44 45 The arguments are the exception type and value such as given by 46 sys.last_type and sys.last_value. The return value is a list of 47 strings, each ending in a newline. 48 49 Normally, the list contains a single string; however, for 50 SyntaxError exceptions, it contains several lines that (when 51 printed) display detailed information about where the syntax 52 error occurred. 53 54 The message indicating which exception occurred is always the last 55 string in the list. 56 57 format_list(extracted_list) 58 Format a list of traceback entry tuples for printing. 59 60 Given a list of tuples as returned by extract_tb() or 61 extract_stack(), return a list of strings ready for printing. 62 Each string in the resulting list corresponds to the item with the 63 same index in the argument list. Each string ends in a newline; 64 the strings may contain internal newlines as well, for those items 65 whose source text line is not None. 66 67 format_stack(f=None, limit=None) 68 Shorthand for 'format_list(extract_stack(f, limit))'. 69 70 format_tb(tb, limit=None) 71 A shorthand for 'format_list(extract_stack(f, limit)). 72 73 print_exc(limit=None, file=None) 74 Shorthand for 'print_exception(sys.exc_type, sys.exc_value, sys.exc_traceback, limit, file)'. 75 (In fact, it uses sys.exc_info() to retrieve the same information 76 in a thread-safe way.) 77 78 print_exception(etype, value, tb, limit=None, file=None) 79 Print exception up to 'limit' stack trace entries from 'tb' to 'file'. 80 81 This differs from print_tb() in the following ways: (1) if 82 traceback is not None, it prints a header "Traceback (most recent 83 call last):"; (2) it prints the exception type and value after the 84 stack trace; (3) if type is SyntaxError and value has the 85 appropriate format, it prints the line where the syntax error 86 occurred with a caret on the next line indicating the approximate 87 position of the error. 88 89 print_last(limit=None, file=None) 90 This is a shorthand for 'print_exception(sys.last_type, 91 sys.last_value, sys.last_traceback, limit, file)'. 92 93 print_stack(f=None, limit=None, file=None) 94 Print a stack trace from its invocation point. 95 96 The optional 'f' argument can be used to specify an alternate 97 stack frame at which to start. The optional 'limit' and 'file' 98 arguments have the same meaning as for print_exception(). 99 100 print_tb(tb, limit=None, file=None) 101 Print up to 'limit' stack trace entries from the traceback 'tb'. 102 103 If 'limit' is omitted or None, all entries are printed. If 'file' 104 is omitted or None, the output goes to sys.stderr; otherwise 105 'file' should be an open file or file-like object with a write() 106 method. 107 108 tb_lineno(tb) 109 Calculate correct line number of traceback given in tb. 110 111 Obsolete in 2.3. 112 113 DATA 114 __all__ = ['extract_stack', 'extract_tb', 'format_exception', 'format_... 115 116 (END)
traceback.py源码（Python2.7.5）：
1 """Extract, format and print information about Python stack traces.""" 2 3 import linecache 4 import sys 5 import types 6 7 __all__ = ['extract_stack', 'extract_tb', 'format_exception', 8 'format_exception_only', 'format_list', 'format_stack', 9 'format_tb', 'print_exc', 'format_exc', 'print_exception', 10 'print_last', 'print_stack', 'print_tb', 'tb_lineno'] 11 12 def _print(file, str='', terminator=' '): 13 file.write(str+terminator) 14 15 16 def print_list(extracted_list, file=None): 17 """Print the list of tuples as returned by extract_tb() or 18 extract_stack() as a formatted stack trace to the given file.""" 19 if file is None: 20 file = sys.stderr 21 for filename, lineno, name, line in extracted_list: 22 _print(file, 23 ' File "%s", line %d, in %s' % (filename,lineno,name)) 24 if line: 25 _print(file, ' %s' % line.strip()) 26 27 def format_list(extracted_list): 28 """Format a list of traceback entry tuples for printing. 29 30 Given a list of tuples as returned by extract_tb() or 31 extract_stack(), return a list of strings ready for printing. 32 Each string in the resulting list corresponds to the item with the 33 same index in the argument list. Each string ends in a newline; 34 the strings may contain internal newlines as well, for those items 35 whose source text line is not None. 36 """ 37 list = [] 38 for filename, lineno, name, line in extracted_list: 39 item = ' File "%s", line %d, in %s ' % (filename,lineno,name) 40 if line: 41 item = item + ' %s ' % line.strip() 42 list.append(item) 43 return list 44 45 46 def print_tb(tb, limit=None, file=None): 47 """Print up to 'limit' stack trace entries from the traceback 'tb'. 48 49 If 'limit' is omitted or None, all entries are printed. If 'file' 50 is omitted or None, the output goes to sys.stderr; otherwise 51 'file' should be an open file or file-like object with a write() 52 method. 53 """ 54 if file is None: 55 file = sys.stderr 56 if limit is None: 57 if hasattr(sys, 'tracebacklimit'): 58 limit = sys.tracebacklimit 59 n = 0 60 while tb is not None and (limit is None or n < limit): 61 f = tb.tb_frame 62 lineno = tb.tb_lineno 63 co = f.f_code 64 filename = co.co_filename 65 name = co.co_name 66 _print(file, 67 ' File "%s", line %d, in %s' % (filename, lineno, name)) 68 linecache.checkcache(filename) 69 line = linecache.getline(filename, lineno, f.f_globals) 70 if line: _print(file, ' ' + line.strip()) 71 tb = tb.tb_next 72 n = n+1 73 74 def format_tb(tb, limit = None): 75 """A shorthand for 'format_list(extract_stack(f, limit)).""" 76 return format_list(extract_tb(tb, limit)) 77 78 def extract_tb(tb, limit = None): 79 """Return list of up to limit pre-processed entries from traceback. 80 81 This is useful for alternate formatting of stack traces. If 82 'limit' is omitted or None, all entries are extracted. A 83 pre-processed stack trace entry is a quadruple (filename, line 84 number, function name, text) representing the information that is 85 usually printed for a stack trace. The text is a string with 86 leading and trailing whitespace stripped; if the source is not 87 available it is None. 88 """ 89 if limit is None: 90 if hasattr(sys, 'tracebacklimit'): 91 limit = sys.tracebacklimit 92 list = [] 93 n = 0 94 while tb is not None and (limit is None or n < limit): 95 f = tb.tb_frame 96 lineno = tb.tb_lineno 97 co = f.f_code 98 filename = co.co_filename 99 name = co.co_name 100 linecache.checkcache(filename) 101 line = linecache.getline(filename, lineno, f.f_globals) 102 if line: line = line.strip() 103 else: line = None 104 list.append((filename, lineno, name, line)) 105 tb = tb.tb_next 106 n = n+1 107 return list 108 109 110 def print_exception(etype, value, tb, limit=None, file=None): 111 """Print exception up to 'limit' stack trace entries from 'tb' to 'file'. 112 113 This differs from print_tb() in the following ways: (1) if 114 traceback is not None, it prints a header "Traceback (most recent 115 call last):"; (2) it prints the exception type and value after the 116 stack trace; (3) if type is SyntaxError and value has the 117 appropriate format, it prints the line where the syntax error 118 occurred with a caret on the next line indicating the approximate 119 position of the error. 120 """ 121 if file is None: 122 file = sys.stderr 123 if tb: 124 _print(file, 'Traceback (most recent call last):') 125 print_tb(tb, limit, file) 126 lines = format_exception_only(etype, value) 127 for line in lines: 128 _print(file, line, '') 129 130 def format_exception(etype, value, tb, limit = None): 131 """Format a stack trace and the exception information. 132 133 The arguments have the same meaning as the corresponding arguments 134 to print_exception(). The return value is a list of strings, each 135 ending in a newline and some containing internal newlines. When 136 these lines are concatenated and printed, exactly the same text is 137 printed as does print_exception(). 138 """ 139 if tb: 140 list = ['Traceback (most recent call last): '] 141 list = list + format_tb(tb, limit) 142 else: 143 list = [] 144 list = list + format_exception_only(etype, value) 145 return list 146 147 def format_exception_only(etype, value): 148 """Format the exception part of a traceback. 149 150 The arguments are the exception type and value such as given by 151 sys.last_type and sys.last_value. The return value is a list of 152 strings, each ending in a newline. 153 154 Normally, the list contains a single string; however, for 155 SyntaxError exceptions, it contains several lines that (when 156 printed) display detailed information about where the syntax 157 error occurred. 158 159 The message indicating which exception occurred is always the last 160 string in the list. 161 162 """ 163 164 # An instance should not have a meaningful value parameter, but 165 # sometimes does, particularly for string exceptions, such as 166 # >>> raise string1, string2 # deprecated 167 # 168 # Clear these out first because issubtype(string1, SyntaxError) 169 # would raise another exception and mask the original problem. 170 if (isinstance(etype, BaseException) or 171 isinstance(etype, types.InstanceType) or 172 etype is None or type(etype) is str): 173 return [_format_final_exc_line(etype, value)] 174 175 stype = etype.__name__ 176 177 if not issubclass(etype, SyntaxError): 178 return [_format_final_exc_line(stype, value)] 179 180 # It was a syntax error; show exactly where the problem was found. 181 lines = [] 182 try: 183 msg, (filename, lineno, offset, badline) = value.args 184 except Exception: 185 pass 186 else: 187 filename = filename or "<string>" 188 lines.append(' File "%s", line %d ' % (filename, lineno)) 189 if badline is not None: 190 lines.append(' %s ' % badline.strip()) 191 if offset is not None: 192 caretspace = badline.rstrip(' ')[:offset].lstrip() 193 # non-space whitespace (likes tabs) must be kept for alignment 194 caretspace = ((c.isspace() and c or ' ') for c in caretspace) 195 # only three spaces to account for offset1 == pos 0 196 lines.append(' %s^ ' % ''.join(caretspace)) 197 value = msg 198 199 lines.append(_format_final_exc_line(stype, value)) 200 return lines 201 202 def _format_final_exc_line(etype, value): 203 """Return a list of a single line -- normal case for format_exception_only""" 204 valuestr = _some_str(value) 205 if value is None or not valuestr: 206 line = "%s " % etype 207 else: 208 line = "%s: %s " % (etype, valuestr) 209 return line 210 211 def _some_str(value): 212 try: 213 return str(value) 214 except Exception: 215 pass 216 try: 217 value = unicode(value) 218 return value.encode("ascii", "backslashreplace") 219 except Exception: 220 pass 221 return '<unprintable %s object>' % type(value).__name__ 222 223 224 def print_exc(limit=None, file=None): 225 """Shorthand for 'print_exception(sys.exc_type, sys.exc_value, sys.exc_traceback, limit, file)'. 226 (In fact, it uses sys.exc_info() to retrieve the same information 227 in a thread-safe way.)""" 228 if file is None: 229 file = sys.stderr 230 try: 231 etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info() 232 print_exception(etype, value, tb, limit, file) 233 finally: 234 etype = value = tb = None 235 236 237 def format_exc(limit=None): 238 """Like print_exc() but return a string.""" 239 try: 240 etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info() 241 return ''.join(format_exception(etype, value, tb, limit)) 242 finally: 243 etype = value = tb = None 244 245 246 def print_last(limit=None, file=None): 247 """This is a shorthand for 'print_exception(sys.last_type, 248 sys.last_value, sys.last_traceback, limit, file)'.""" 249 if not hasattr(sys, "last_type"): 250 raise ValueError("no last exception") 251 if file is None: 252 file = sys.stderr 253 print_exception(sys.last_type, sys.last_value, sys.last_traceback, 254 limit, file) 255 256 257 def print_stack(f=None, limit=None, file=None): 258 """Print a stack trace from its invocation point. 259 260 The optional 'f' argument can be used to specify an alternate 261 stack frame at which to start. The optional 'limit' and 'file' 262 arguments have the same meaning as for print_exception(). 263 """ 264 if f is None: 265 try: 266 raise ZeroDivisionError 267 except ZeroDivisionError: 268 f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back 269 print_list(extract_stack(f, limit), file) 270 271 def format_stack(f=None, limit=None): 272 """Shorthand for 'format_list(extract_stack(f, limit))'.""" 273 if f is None: 274 try: 275 raise ZeroDivisionError 276 except ZeroDivisionError: 277 f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back 278 return format_list(extract_stack(f, limit)) 279 280 def extract_stack(f=None, limit = None): 281 """Extract the raw traceback from the current stack frame. 282 283 The return value has the same format as for extract_tb(). The 284 optional 'f' and 'limit' arguments have the same meaning as for 285 print_stack(). Each item in the list is a quadruple (filename, 286 line number, function name, text), and the entries are in order 287 from oldest to newest stack frame. 288 """ 289 if f is None: 290 try: 291 raise ZeroDivisionError 292 except ZeroDivisionError: 293 f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back 294 if limit is None: 295 if hasattr(sys, 'tracebacklimit'): 296 limit = sys.tracebacklimit 297 list = [] 298 n = 0 299 while f is not None and (limit is None or n < limit): 300 lineno = f.f_lineno 301 co = f.f_code 302 filename = co.co_filename 303 name = co.co_name 304 linecache.checkcache(filename) 305 line = linecache.getline(filename, lineno, f.f_globals) 306 if line: line = line.strip() 307 else: line = None 308 list.append((filename, lineno, name, line)) 309 f = f.f_back 310 n = n+1 311 list.reverse() 312 return list 313 314 def tb_lineno(tb): 315 """Calculate correct line number of traceback given in tb. 316 317 Obsolete in 2.3. 318 """ 319 return tb.tb_lineno