神奇的 new Exception()

先看下一段代码:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        test1();
    }

    private void test1() {
        test2();
    }

    private void test2() {
        test3();
    }

    private void test3() {
        test4();
    }

    private void test4() {
        Log.d("wxl", "test", new Exception());
    }
}

你们猜会打印什么?

12-29 12:16:05.479 8140-8140/com.wuxiaolong.myapplication D/wxl: test
    java.lang.Exception
        at com.wuxiaolong.myapplication.MainActivity.test4(MainActivity.java:29)
        at com.wuxiaolong.myapplication.MainActivity.test3(MainActivity.java:25)
        at com.wuxiaolong.myapplication.MainActivity.test2(MainActivity.java:21)
        at com.wuxiaolong.myapplication.MainActivity.test1(MainActivity.java:17)
        at com.wuxiaolong.myapplication.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:13)
        at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:6975)
        at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1213)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2770)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2892)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap11(Unknown Source:0)
        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1593)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:105)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6541)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.Zygote$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(Zygote.java:240)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:767)

是不是有点神奇,居然把 test4() 方法调用关系给打印出来了,是怎么做到的?是不是有地方把这个每步调用关系给保存下来了。

首先进 Log 看下 Log.d():

public static int d(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) {
    return println(LOG_ID_MAIN, DEBUG, tag, msg + '
' + getStackTraceString(tr));
}

public static String getStackTraceString(Throwable tr) {
    if (tr == null) {
        return "";
    }
    // This is to reduce the amount of log spew that apps do in the non-error
    // condition of the network being unavailable.
    Throwable t = tr;
    while (t != null) {
        if (t instanceof UnknownHostException) {
            return "";
        }
        t = t.getCause();
    }
    StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
    PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw);
    tr.printStackTrace(pw);
    pw.flush();
    return sw.toString();
}

这里第三个参数 Exception 是 Throwable 子类,初始化看 Throwable 构造方法:

public Throwable(String message) {
    fillInStackTrace();
    detailMessage = message;
}

/**
 * Fills in the execution stack trace. This method records within this
 * {@code Throwable} object information about the current state of
 * the stack frames for the current thread.
 *
 * <p>If the stack trace of this {@code Throwable} {@linkplain
 * Throwable#Throwable(String, Throwable, boolean, boolean) is not
 * writable}, calling this method has no effect.
 *
 * @return  a reference to this {@code Throwable} instance.
 * @see     java.lang.Throwable#printStackTrace()
 */
public synchronized Throwable fillInStackTrace() {
    if (stackTrace != null ||
        backtrace != null /* Out of protocol state */ ) {
        backtrace = nativeFillInStackTrace();
        stackTrace = libcore.util.EmptyArray.STACK_TRACE_ELEMENT;
    }
    return this;
}

如自己所想,这里 fillInStackTrace() ,正是一步一步地追踪方法的调用,直到追踪到线程的终端。fillInStackTrace 是 native 方法,就不往下​跟了。​

Exception 表示可以被程序捕获并处理的异常错误,JVM 用方法调用栈来跟踪每个线程中一系列的方法调用过程,该栈保存了每个调用方法的本地信息。

对于独立的 Java 程序,可以一直到该程序的 main 方法,当一个新方法被调用的时候,JVM 把描述该方法的栈结构置入栈顶,位于栈顶的方法为正确执行的方法,当一个 Java 方法正常执行完毕,JVM 会从调用栈中弹处该方法的栈结构,然后继续处理前一个方法,如果 java 方法在执行代码的过程中抛出异常,JVM 必须找到能捕获异常的 catch 块代码,它首先查看当前方法是否存在这样的 catch 代码块,如果存在就执行该 catch 代码块,否则 JVM 回调用栈中弹处该方法的栈结构,继续到前一个方法中查找合适的 catch 代码块,最后如果 JVM 向上追到了 main()方法,也就是一直把异常抛给了 main()方法,仍然没有找到该异常处理的代码块,该线程就会异常终止,如果该线程是主线程,应用程序也随之终止,此时 JVM 将把异常直接抛给用户,在用户终端上会看到原始的异常信息。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/JAYIT/p/13055994.html