使用文件锁实现进程同步


文件锁是用于解决资源的共享使用的一种机制:当多个用户需要共享一个文件时,Linux 通常采用的方法是给文件上锁,来避免共享的资源产生竞争的状态。具体来讲,是通过借助 fcntl 函数来实现锁机制。当操作文件的进程没有获得锁时,虽然可以打开文件,但无法对文件执行执行 read、write 操作。


fcntl函数:

函数原型:
    int fcntl(int fd, int cmd, ... /* arg */ );

函数作用:
    获取、设置文件访问控制属性。

参数介绍:
    参数cmd有以下取值:

    F_SETLK (struct flock *)	设置文件锁(trylock)
    F_SETLKW (struct flock *) 	设置文件锁(lock)W --> wait
    F_GETLK (struct flock *)	获取文件锁

flock 结构体

struct flock
{
    short l_type; /*F_RDLCK, F_WRLCK, or F_UNLCK*/
    off_t l_start; /*相对于l_whence的偏移值,字节为单位*/
    short l_whence; /*从哪里开始:SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, or SEEK_END*/
    off_t l_len; /*长度, 字节为单位; 0 意味着缩到文件结尾*/
    pid_t l_pid; /*returned with F_GETLK*/
};

应用实例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int lock_set(int fd, int type)
{
	struct flock old_lock, lock;
	
	memset(&old_lock, 0, sizeof(old_lock));
	memset(&lock, 0, sizeof(lock));
	
	fcntl(fd, F_GETLK, &old_lock);
 
	if(old_lock.l_type == F_WRLCK || old_lock.l_type == F_RDLCK)
	{
		if (old_lock.l_type == F_RDLCK)  
			printf("Read lock already set by %d 
", old_lock.l_pid);
		else if (old_lock.l_type == F_WRLCK) 
			printf("Write lock already set by %d 
", old_lock.l_pid);
	}
	
	/* 配置 lock */
	lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
	lock.l_start  = 0;
	lock.l_len    = 0;
	lock.l_type   = type;
	lock.l_pid    = -1;
	lock.l_type   = type;
	
	if ((fcntl(fd,F_SETLKW,&lock)) < 0){
		printf("Lock failed : type = %d 
",lock.l_type);

		return 0;
	}
	
	switch(lock.l_type)
	{
		case F_RDLCK:
			printf("Read lock set by %d 
", getpid());
			break;
		case F_WRLCK:
			printf("write lock set by %d 
", getpid());
			break;
		case F_UNLCK:
			printf("Release lock by %d 
", getpid());
			break;
		default:
			break;
	}

	return 0;
}

int main()
{  
	int fd;

	fd = open("test",O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0644);
	if(fd < 0){   	
		printf("Open file error 
");	
		exit(1);   
  	}
    
    /* 写锁定 */
 	lock_set(fd, F_WRLCK);   
	getchar();             
    
    /* 解锁 */
 	lock_set(fd, F_UNLCK);	
	getchar();  
 
	close(fd);   
    
	return 0;
}

运行结果:

参考自:blog.csdn.net/rl529014/article/details/51336161

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/GyForever1004/p/9688138.html