DFS:HDU1518-Square(剪枝较多的DFS)

题目:

Square
Time Limit: 10000/5000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 15102    Accepted Submission(s): 4751


Problem Description
Given a set of sticks of various lengths, is it possible to join them end-to-end to form a square?
 

Input
The first line of input contains N, the number of test cases. Each test case begins with an integer 4 <= M <= 20, the number of sticks. M integers follow; each gives the length of a stick - an integer between 1 and 10,000.
 

Output
For each case, output a line containing "yes" if is is possible to form a square; otherwise output "no".
 

Sample Input
3
4 1 1 1 1
5 10 20 30 40 50
8 1 7 2 6 4 4 3 5
 

Sample Output
yes
no
yes
 

Source
University of Waterloo Local Contest 2002.09.21






解题心得:

1、一开始在看到这道题的时候真的很蒙蔽,不知道怎么递归,怎么判断是否可以拼成正方形,其实这道题只要利用正方形的性质就可以了,正方形有四条边并且四条边一样长,所以在递归的时候只需要递归拼成的边的长度和边的个数就行了,但是按照这种普通的思路会超时,这就很尴尬了,然后就剪枝呗。

2、这个题的剪枝比较复杂,给出的n小于4的直接剪去,给出的所有的和不是4的倍数的直接减去,最大的数超过了边长的直接减去,看似减得差不多了但是还是会超时,这里有一个小的技巧,在递归边长的时候是将几个数相加得到的边长,这个时候就可以先排一个序然后从小到大开始加,每一次递归的元素再加加在边长上排序好的那个数的位置就行了。





我的代码:776ms
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int a[25];
bool flag,vis[25];
int n,ave;

void dfs(int num,int len,int pos)//需要递归的元素以此是:边的条数,边的长度,加上的数的位置
{
    if(num == 3 || flag)//由于之前预处理了,直接得到三条边就好,第四条边自动就出来了
    {
        flag = true;
        return ;
    }
    if(len == ave)
    {
        dfs(num+1,0,0);
        return;
    }
    for(int i=pos;i<n;i++)
    {
        if(!vis[i] && (len + a[i] <= ave))
        {
            vis[i] = true;
            dfs(num,len+a[i],i+1);
            vis[i] = false;
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    int t;
    int Max = -1;
    int sum;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--)
    {
        memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
        flag = false;
        sum = 0;
        Max = -1;
        scanf("%d",&n);
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            scanf("%d",&a[i]);
            sum += a[i];
        }
        sort(a,a+n);
        if(n <= 3)//正方形有四条边
        {
            printf("no
");
            continue;
        }
        ave = sum /4;//平均每一条边的边长
        if(sum % 4)//不是4的倍数的直接减去
        {
            printf("no
");
            continue;
        }
        if(a[n-1] > ave)//最大的一个数比平均边长还大的直接减去
        {
            printf("no
");
            continue;
        }
        dfs(0,0,0);
        if(flag)
            printf("yes
");
        else
            printf("no
");
    }
}




大神的代码:4ms
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <string>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

int n,cnt,sum;

struct node
{
  int lenth;
  int mark;
}stick[25];

int cmp(node a,node b)
{
    return a.lenth>b.lenth;
}

int dfs(int len,int count,int l,int pos)
{
   if(count==4)return 1;
   for(int i=pos;i<n;i++)
   {
       if(stick[i].mark)continue;

       if(len==(stick[i].lenth+l))
        {
          stick[i].mark=1;
          if(dfs(len,count+1,0,0))
                return 1;
          stick[i].mark=0;
          return 0;
        }
       else if(len>(stick[i].lenth+l))
        {
           stick[i].mark=1;
           l+=stick[i].lenth;
           if(dfs(len,count,l,i+1))
                return 1;
           l-=stick[i].lenth;
           stick[i].mark=0;
           if(l==0) return 0;
           while(stick[i].lenth==stick[i+1].lenth)i++;
        }
   }
   return 0;
}
int main()
{
        int T;
        cin>>T;
        while(T--)
        {
           scanf("%d",&n);
           cnt=sum=0;
           for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
            {
                scanf("%d",&stick[i].lenth);
                sum+=stick[i].lenth;
                stick[i].mark=0;
            }
           sort(stick,stick+n,cmp);
           if(sum%4||n<4)
           {
               cout<<"no"<<endl;
               continue;
           }
           cnt=sum/4;
           if(dfs(cnt,0,0,0))
           {
               cout<<"yes"<<endl;
           }
           else
           {
               cout<<"no"<<endl;
           }
        }
        return 0;
}



原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/GoldenFingers/p/9107356.html