C# SqlHelper类的数据库操作

#region 私有构造函数和方法

        private SqlHelper() { }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 将SqlParameter参数数组(参数值)分配给SqlCommand命令. 
        /// 这个方法将给任何一个参数分配DBNull.Value; 
        /// 该操作将阻止默认值的使用. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="command">命令名</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParameters数组</param> 
        private static void AttachParameters(SqlCommand command, SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (command == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("command"); 
            if (commandParameters != null) 
            { 
                foreach (SqlParameter p in commandParameters) 
                { 
                    if (p != null) 
                    { 
                        // 检查未分配值的输出参数,将其分配以DBNull.Value. 
                        if ((p.Direction == ParameterDirection.InputOutput || p.Direction == ParameterDirection.Input) && 
                            (p.Value == null)) 
                        { 
                            p.Value = DBNull.Value; 
                        } 
                        command.Parameters.Add(p); 
                    } 
                } 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 将DataRow类型的列值分配到SqlParameter参数数组. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">要分配值的SqlParameter参数数组</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">将要分配给存储过程参数的DataRow</param> 
        private static void AssignParameterValues(SqlParameter[] commandParameters, DataRow dataRow) 
        { 
            if ((commandParameters == null) || (dataRow == null)) 
            { 
                return; 
            }

            int i = 0; 
            // 设置参数值 
            foreach (SqlParameter commandParameter in commandParameters) 
            { 
                // 创建参数名称,如果不存在,只抛出一个异常. 
                if (commandParameter.ParameterName == null || 
                    commandParameter.ParameterName.Length <= 1) 
                    throw new Exception( 
                        string.Format("请提供参数{0}一个有效的名称{1}.", i, commandParameter.ParameterName)); 
                // 从dataRow的表中获取为参数数组中数组名称的列的索引. 
                // 如果存在和参数名称相同的列,则将列值赋给当前名称的参数. 
                if (dataRow.Table.Columns.IndexOf(commandParameter.ParameterName.Substring(1)) != -1) 
                    commandParameter.Value = dataRow[commandParameter.ParameterName.Substring(1)]; 
                i++; 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 将一个对象数组分配给SqlParameter参数数组. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">要分配值的SqlParameter参数数组</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">将要分配给存储过程参数的对象数组</param> 
        private static void AssignParameterValues(SqlParameter[] commandParameters, object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if ((commandParameters == null) || (parameterValues == null)) 
            { 
                return; 
            }

            // 确保对象数组个数与参数个数匹配,如果不匹配,抛出一个异常. 
            if (commandParameters.Length != parameterValues.Length) 
            { 
                throw new ArgumentException("参数值个数与参数不匹配."); 
            }

            // 给参数赋值 
            for (int i = 0, j = commandParameters.Length; i < j; i++) 
            { 
                // If the current array value derives from IDbDataParameter, then assign its Value property 
                if (parameterValues[i] is IDbDataParameter) 
                { 
                    IDbDataParameter paramInstance = (IDbDataParameter)parameterValues[i]; 
                    if (paramInstance.Value == null) 
                    { 
                        commandParameters[i].Value = DBNull.Value; 
                    } 
                    else 
                    { 
                        commandParameters[i].Value = paramInstance.Value; 
                    } 
                } 
                else if (parameterValues[i] == null) 
                { 
                    commandParameters[i].Value = DBNull.Value; 
                } 
                else 
                { 
                    commandParameters[i].Value = parameterValues[i]; 
                } 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 预处理用户提供的命令,数据库连接/事务/命令类型/参数 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="command">要处理的SqlCommand</param> 
        /// <param name="connection">数据库连接</param> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的事务或者是null值</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本, 其它.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或都T-SQL命令文本</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">和命令相关联的SqlParameter参数数组,如果没有参数为'null'</param> 
        /// <param name="mustCloseConnection"><c>true</c> 如果连接是打开的,则为true,其它情况下为false.</param> 
        private static void PrepareCommand(SqlCommand command, SqlConnection connection, SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, SqlParameter[] commandParameters, out bool mustCloseConnection) 
        { 
            if (command == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("command"); 
            if (commandText == null || commandText.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("commandText");

            // If the provided connection is not open, we will open it 
            if (connection.State != ConnectionState.Open) 
            { 
                mustCloseConnection = true; 
                connection.Open(); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                mustCloseConnection = false; 
            }

            // 给命令分配一个数据库连接. 
            command.Connection = connection;

            // 设置命令文本(存储过程名或SQL语句) 
            command.CommandText = commandText;

            // 分配事务 
            if (transaction != null) 
            { 
                if (transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); 
                command.Transaction = transaction; 
            }

            // 设置命令类型. 
            command.CommandType = commandType;

            // 分配命令参数 
            if (commandParameters != null) 
            { 
                AttachParameters(command, commandParameters); 
            } 
            return; 
        }

        #endregion 私有构造函数和方法结束

        #region 数据库连接 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 一个有效的数据库连接字符串 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <returns></returns> 
        public static string GetConnSting() 
        { 
            return ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConStr"].ConnectionString; 
        } 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 一个有效的数据库连接对象 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <returns></returns> 
        public static SqlConnection GetConnection() 
        { 
            SqlConnection Connection = new SqlConnection(SqlHelper.GetConnSting()); 
            return Connection; 
        } 
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteNonQuery命令

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接字符串,类型的SqlCommand. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本, 其它.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回命令影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText) 
        { 
            return ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接字符串,类型的SqlCommand.如果没有提供参数,不返回结果. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本, 其它.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParameter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回命令影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");

            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) 
            { 
                connection.Open();

                return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接字符串的存储过程,将对象数组的值赋给存储过程参数, 
        /// 此方法需要在参数缓存方法中探索参数并生成参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 这个方法没有提供访问输出参数和返回值. 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(connString, "PublishOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串/param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配到存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回受影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connectionString, string spName, params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果存在参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                // 从探索存储过程参数(加载到缓存)并分配给存储过程参数数组. 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                // 没有参数情况下 
                return ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型(存储过程,命令文本或其它.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText) 
        { 
            return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型(存储过程,命令文本或其它.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">T存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");

            // 创建SqlCommand命令,并进行预处理 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); 
            bool mustCloseConnection = false; 
            PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // Finally, execute the command 
            int retval = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

            // 清除参数,以便再次使用. 
            cmd.Parameters.Clear(); 
            if (mustCloseConnection) 
                connection.Close(); 
            return retval; 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,将对象数组的值赋给存储过程参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, "PublishOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行带事务的SqlCommand. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例.:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型(存储过程,命令文本或其它.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回影响的行数/returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText) 
        { 
            return ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行带事务的SqlCommand(指定参数). 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型(存储过程,命令文本或其它.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); 
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");

            // 预处理 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); 
            bool mustCloseConnection = false; 
            PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // 执行 
            int retval = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

            // 清除参数集,以便再次使用. 
            cmd.Parameters.Clear(); 
            return retval; 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行带事务的SqlCommand(指定参数值). 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, trans, "PublishOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回受影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName, params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); 
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // 调用重载方法 
                return ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                // 没有参数值 
                return ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        #endregion ExecuteNonQuery方法结束

        #region ExecuteDataset方法

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText) 
        { 
            return ExecuteDataset(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例: 
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParamters参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");

            // 创建并打开数据库连接对象,操作完成释放对象. 
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) 
            { 
                connection.Open();

                // 调用指定数据库连接字符串重载方法. 
                return ExecuteDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,直接提供参数值,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值. 
        /// 示例: 
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(connString, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(string connectionString, string spName, params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中检索存储过程参数 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数分配值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText) 
        { 
            return ExecuteDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,指定存储过程参数,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");

            // 预处理 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); 
            bool mustCloseConnection = false; 
            PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // 创建SqlDataAdapter和DataSet. 
            using (SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd)) 
            { 
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();

                // 填充DataSet. 
                da.Fill(ds);

                cmd.Parameters.Clear();

                if (mustCloseConnection) 
                    connection.Close();

                return ds; 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,指定参数值,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输入参数和返回值. 
        /// 示例.:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(conn, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                // 比缓存中加载存储过程参数 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数分配值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return ExecuteDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定事务的命令,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText) 
        { 
            return ExecuteDataset(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定事务的命令,指定参数,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); 
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");

            // 预处理 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); 
            bool mustCloseConnection = false; 
            PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // 创建 DataAdapter & DataSet 
            using (SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd)) 
            { 
                DataSet ds = new DataSet(); 
                da.Fill(ds); 
                cmd.Parameters.Clear(); 
                return ds; 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定事务的命令,指定参数值,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输入参数和返回值. 
        /// 示例.:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(trans, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">事务</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName, params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); 
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数分配值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return ExecuteDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        #endregion ExecuteDataset数据集命令结束

        #region ExecuteReader 数据阅读器

        /// <summary> 
        /// 枚举,标识数据库连接是由SqlHelper提供还是由调用者提供 
        /// </summary> 
        private enum SqlConnectionOwnership 
        { 
            /// <summary>由SqlHelper提供连接</summary> 
            Internal, 
            /// <summary>由调用者提供连接</summary> 
            External 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的数据阅读器. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 如果是SqlHelper打开连接,当连接关闭DataReader也将关闭. 
        /// 如果是调用都打开连接,DataReader由调用都管理. 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的事务,或者为 'null'</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParameters参数数组,如果没有参数则为'null'</param> 
        /// <param name="connectionOwnership">标识数据库连接对象是由调用者提供还是由SqlHelper提供</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        private static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection, SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, SqlParameter[] commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership connectionOwnership) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");

            bool mustCloseConnection = false; 
            // 创建命令 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); 
            try 
            { 
                PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

                // 创建数据阅读器 
                SqlDataReader dataReader;

                if (connectionOwnership == SqlConnectionOwnership.External) 
                { 
                    dataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); 
                } 
                else 
                { 
                    dataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection); 
                }

                // 清除参数,以便再次使用.. 
                // HACK: There is a problem here, the output parameter values are fletched 
                // when the reader is closed, so if the parameters are detached from the command 
                // then the SqlReader can磘 set its values. 
                // When this happen, the parameters can磘 be used again in other command. 
                bool canClear = true; 
                foreach (SqlParameter commandParameter in cmd.Parameters) 
                { 
                    if (commandParameter.Direction != ParameterDirection.Input) 
                        canClear = false; 
                }

                if (canClear) 
                { 
                    cmd.Parameters.Clear(); 
                }

                return dataReader; 
            } 
            catch 
            { 
                if (mustCloseConnection) 
                    connection.Close(); 
                throw; 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的数据阅读器. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText) 
        { 
            return ExecuteReader(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的数据阅读器,指定参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParamter参数数组(new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24))</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); 
            SqlConnection connection = null; 
            try 
            { 
                connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString); 
                connection.Open();

                return ExecuteReader(connection, null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership.Internal); 
            } 
            catch 
            { 
                // If we fail to return the SqlDatReader, we need to close the connection ourselves 
                if (connection != null) connection.Close(); 
                throw; 
            }

        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的数据阅读器,指定参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(connString, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connectionString, string spName, params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteReader(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return ExecuteReader(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的数据阅读器. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText) 
        { 
            return ExecuteReader(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [调用者方式]执行指定数据库连接对象的数据阅读器,指定参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            return ExecuteReader(connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership.External); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [调用者方式]执行指定数据库连接对象的数据阅读器,指定参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(conn, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">T存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return ExecuteReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [调用者方式]执行指定数据库事务的数据阅读器,指定参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText) 
        { 
            return ExecuteReader(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [调用者方式]执行指定数据库事务的数据阅读器,指定参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///   SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); 
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");

            return ExecuteReader(transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership.External); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [调用者方式]执行指定数据库事务的数据阅读器,指定参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(trans, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName, params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); 
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                // 没有参数值 
                return ExecuteReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        #endregion ExecuteReader数据阅读器

        #region ExecuteScalar 返回结果集中的第一行第一列

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText) 
        { 
            // 执行参数为空的方法 
            return ExecuteScalar(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,指定参数,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); 
            // 创建并打开数据库连接对象,操作完成释放对象. 
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) 
            { 
                connection.Open();

                // 调用指定数据库连接字符串重载方法. 
                return ExecuteScalar(connection, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,指定参数值,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(connString, "GetOrderCount", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(string connectionString, string spName, params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // 调用重载方法 
                return ExecuteScalar(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                // 没有参数值 
                return ExecuteScalar(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText) 
        { 
            // 执行参数为空的方法 
            return ExecuteScalar(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,指定参数,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");

            // 创建SqlCommand命令,并进行预处理 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

            bool mustCloseConnection = false; 
            PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // 执行SqlCommand命令,并返回结果. 
            object retval = cmd.ExecuteScalar();

            // 清除参数,以便再次使用. 
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();

            if (mustCloseConnection) 
                connection.Close();

            return retval; 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,指定参数值,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(conn, "GetOrderCount", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // 调用重载方法 
                return ExecuteScalar(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                // 没有参数值 
                return ExecuteScalar(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的命令,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText) 
        { 
            // 执行参数为空的方法 
            return ExecuteScalar(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的命令,指定参数,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); 
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");

            // 创建SqlCommand命令,并进行预处理 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); 
            bool mustCloseConnection = false; 
            PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // 执行SqlCommand命令,并返回结果. 
            object retval = cmd.ExecuteScalar();

            // 清除参数,以便再次使用. 
            cmd.Parameters.Clear(); 
            return retval; 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的命令,指定参数值,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(trans, "GetOrderCount", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName, params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); 
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                // PPull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // 调用重载方法 
                return ExecuteScalar(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                // 没有参数值 
                return ExecuteScalar(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        #endregion ExecuteScalar

        #region ExecuteXmlReader XML阅读器 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的SqlCommand命令,并产生一个XmlReader对象做为结果集返回. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句 using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> 
        /// <returns>返回XmlReader结果集对象.</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText) 
        { 
            // 执行参数为空的方法 
            return ExecuteXmlReader(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的SqlCommand命令,并产生一个XmlReader对象做为结果集返回,指定参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句 using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回XmlReader结果集对象.</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");

            bool mustCloseConnection = false; 
            // 创建SqlCommand命令,并进行预处理 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); 
            try 
            { 
                PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

                // 执行命令 
                XmlReader retval = cmd.ExecuteXmlReader();

                // 清除参数,以便再次使用. 
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();

                return retval; 
            } 
            catch 
            { 
                if (mustCloseConnection) 
                    connection.Close(); 
                throw; 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的SqlCommand命令,并产生一个XmlReader对象做为结果集返回,指定参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(conn, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称 using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回XmlReader结果集对象.</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // 调用重载方法 
                return ExecuteXmlReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                // 没有参数值 
                return ExecuteXmlReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的SqlCommand命令,并产生一个XmlReader对象做为结果集返回. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句 using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> 
        /// <returns>返回XmlReader结果集对象.</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText) 
        { 
            // 执行参数为空的方法 
            return ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的SqlCommand命令,并产生一个XmlReader对象做为结果集返回,指定参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句 using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回XmlReader结果集对象.</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); 
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");

            // 创建SqlCommand命令,并进行预处理 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); 
            bool mustCloseConnection = false; 
            PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // 执行命令 
            XmlReader retval = cmd.ExecuteXmlReader();

            // 清除参数,以便再次使用. 
            cmd.Parameters.Clear(); 
            return retval; 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的SqlCommand命令,并产生一个XmlReader对象做为结果集返回,指定参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(trans, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet.</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName, params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); 
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // 调用重载方法 
                return ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                // 没有参数值 
                return ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        #endregion ExecuteXmlReader 阅读器结束

        #region FillDataset 填充数据集 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.)</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); 
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet");

            // 创建并打开数据库连接对象,操作完成释放对象. 
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) 
            { 
                connection.Open();

                // 调用指定数据库连接字符串重载方法. 
                FillDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集.指定命令参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param> 
        public static void FillDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, 
            string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames, 
            params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); 
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet"); 
            // 创建并打开数据库连接对象,操作完成释放对象. 
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) 
            { 
                connection.Open();

                // 调用指定数据库连接字符串重载方法. 
                FillDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, commandParameters); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集,指定存储过程参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, 24); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param>    
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(string connectionString, string spName, 
            DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames, 
            params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); 
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet"); 
            // 创建并打开数据库连接对象,操作完成释放对象. 
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) 
            { 
                connection.Open();

                // 调用指定数据库连接字符串重载方法. 
                FillDataset(connection, spName, dataSet, tableNames, parameterValues); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param>    
        public static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, 
            string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames) 
        { 
            FillDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, null); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集,指定参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, 
            string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames, 
            params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            FillDataset(connection, null, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, commandParameters); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集,指定存储过程参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(conn, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection, string spName, 
            DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames, 
            params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); 
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // 调用重载方法 
                FillDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, dataSet, tableNames, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                // 没有参数值 
                FillDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, dataSet, tableNames); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param> 
        public static void FillDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, 
            string commandText, 
            DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames) 
        { 
            FillDataset(transaction, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, null); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集,指定参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, 
            string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames, 
            params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            FillDataset(transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, commandParameters); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集,指定存储过程参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(trans, "GetOrders", ds, new string[]{"orders"}, 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName, 
            DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames, 
            params object[] parameterValues) 
        { 
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); 
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); 
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // 调用重载方法 
                FillDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, dataSet, tableNames, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                // 没有参数值 
                FillDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, dataSet, tableNames); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [私有方法][内部调用]执行指定数据库连接对象/事务的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集,DataSet/TableNames/SqlParameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(conn, trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        private static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection, SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, 
            string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames, 
            params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); 
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet");

            // 创建SqlCommand命令,并进行预处理 
            SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(); 
            bool mustCloseConnection = false; 
            PrepareCommand(command, connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // 执行命令 
            using (SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(command)) 
            {

                // 追加表映射 
                if (tableNames != null && tableNames.Length > 0) 
                { 
                    string tableName = "Table"; 
                    for (int index = 0; index < tableNames.Length; index++) 
                    { 
                        if (tableNames[index] == null || tableNames[index].Length == 0) throw new ArgumentException("The tableNames parameter must contain a list of tables, a value was provided as null or empty string.", "tableNames"); 
                        dataAdapter.TableMappings.Add(tableName, tableNames[index]); 
                        tableName += (index + 1).ToString(); 
                    } 
                }

                // 填充数据集使用默认表名称 
                dataAdapter.Fill(dataSet);

                // 清除参数,以便再次使用. 
                command.Parameters.Clear(); 
            }

            if (mustCloseConnection) 
                connection.Close(); 
        } 
        #endregion

        #region UpdateDataset 更新数据集 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行数据集更新到数据库,指定inserted, updated, or deleted命令. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  UpdateDataset(conn, insertCommand, deleteCommand, updateCommand, dataSet, "Order"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="insertCommand">[追加记录]一个有效的T-SQL语句或存储过程</param> 
        /// <param name="deleteCommand">[删除记录]一个有效的T-SQL语句或存储过程</param> 
        /// <param name="updateCommand">[更新记录]一个有效的T-SQL语句或存储过程</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要更新到数据库的DataSet</param> 
        /// <param name="tableName">要更新到数据库的DataTable</param> 
        public static void UpdateDataset(SqlCommand insertCommand, SqlCommand deleteCommand, SqlCommand updateCommand, DataSet dataSet, string tableName) 
        { 
            if (insertCommand == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("insertCommand"); 
            if (deleteCommand == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("deleteCommand"); 
            if (updateCommand == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("updateCommand"); 
            if (tableName == null || tableName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("tableName");

            // 创建SqlDataAdapter,当操作完成后释放. 
            using (SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter()) 
            { 
                // 设置数据适配器命令 
                dataAdapter.UpdateCommand = updateCommand; 
                dataAdapter.InsertCommand = insertCommand; 
                dataAdapter.DeleteCommand = deleteCommand;

                // 更新数据集改变到数据库 
                dataAdapter.Update(dataSet, tableName);

                // 提交所有改变到数据集. 
                dataSet.AcceptChanges(); 
            } 
        } 
        #endregion

        #region CreateCommand 创建一条SqlCommand命令 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 创建SqlCommand命令,指定数据库连接对象,存储过程名和参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlCommand command = CreateCommand(conn, "AddCustomer", "CustomerID", "CustomerName"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="sourceColumns">源表的列名称数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回SqlCommand命令</returns> 
        public static SqlCommand CreateCommand(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params string[] sourceColumns) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 创建命令 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(spName, connection); 
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((sourceColumns != null) && (sourceColumns.Length > 0)) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 将源表的列到映射到DataSet命令中. 
                for (int index = 0; index < sourceColumns.Length; index++) 
                    commandParameters[index].SourceColumn = sourceColumns[index];

                // Attach the discovered parameters to the SqlCommand object 
                AttachParameters(cmd, commandParameters); 
            }

            return cmd; 
        } 
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteNonQueryTypedParams 类型化参数(DataRow) 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接字符串的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回受影响的行数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQueryTypedParams(String connectionString, String spName, DataRow dataRow) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接对象的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回受影响的行数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQueryTypedParams(SqlConnection connection, String spName, DataRow dataRow) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库事物的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回受影响的行数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务 object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQueryTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction, String spName, DataRow dataRow) 
        { 
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); 
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // Sf the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        } 
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteDatasetTypedParams 类型化参数(DataRow) 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接字符串的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet.</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDatasetTypedParams(string connectionString, String spName, DataRow dataRow) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            //如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接对象的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet.</returns> 
        /// 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDatasetTypedParams(SqlConnection connection, String spName, DataRow dataRow) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库事务的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务 object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet.</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDatasetTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction, String spName, DataRow dataRow) 
        { 
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); 
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        #endregion

        #region ExecuteReaderTypedParams 类型化参数(DataRow) 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接字符串的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回DataReader. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReaderTypedParams(String connectionString, String spName, DataRow dataRow) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }


        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接对象的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回DataReader. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReaderTypedParams(SqlConnection connection, String spName, DataRow dataRow) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库事物的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回DataReader. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务 object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReaderTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction, String spName, DataRow dataRow) 
        { 
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); 
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        } 
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteScalarTypedParams 类型化参数(DataRow) 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接字符串的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalarTypedParams(String connectionString, String spName, DataRow dataRow) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接对象的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalarTypedParams(SqlConnection connection, String spName, DataRow dataRow) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库事务的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务 object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalarTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction, String spName, DataRow dataRow) 
        { 
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); 
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        } 
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteXmlReaderTypedParams 类型化参数(DataRow) 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接对象的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回XmlReader类型的结果集. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回XmlReader结果集对象.</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReaderTypedParams(SqlConnection connection, String spName, DataRow dataRow) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteXmlReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteXmlReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库事务的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回XmlReader类型的结果集. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务 object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回XmlReader结果集对象.</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReaderTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction, String spName, DataRow dataRow) 
        { 
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); 
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0) 
            { 
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters); 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName); 
            } 
        } 
        #endregion

    }

    /// <summary> 
    /// SqlHelperParameterCache提供缓存存储过程参数,并能够在运行时从存储过程中探索参数. 
    /// </summary> 
    public sealed class SqlHelperParameterCache 
    { 
        #region 私有方法,字段,构造函数 
        // 私有构造函数,妨止类被实例化. 
        private SqlHelperParameterCache() { }

        // 这个方法要注意 
        private static Hashtable paramCache = Hashtable.Synchronized(new Hashtable());

        /// <summary> 
        /// 探索运行时的存储过程,返回SqlParameter参数数组. 
        /// 初始化参数值为 DBNull.Value. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="includeReturnValueParameter">是否包含返回值参数</param> 
        /// <returns>返回SqlParameter参数数组</returns> 
        private static SqlParameter[] DiscoverSpParameterSet(SqlConnection connection, string spName, bool includeReturnValueParameter) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(spName, connection); 
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

            connection.Open(); 
            // 检索cmd指定的存储过程的参数信息,并填充到cmd的Parameters参数集中. 
            SqlCommandBuilder.DeriveParameters(cmd); 
            connection.Close(); 
            // 如果不包含返回值参数,将参数集中的每一个参数删除. 
            if (!includeReturnValueParameter) 
            { 
                cmd.Parameters.RemoveAt(0); 
            }

            // 创建参数数组 
            SqlParameter[] discoveredParameters = new SqlParameter[cmd.Parameters.Count]; 
            // 将cmd的Parameters参数集复制到discoveredParameters数组. 
            cmd.Parameters.CopyTo(discoveredParameters, 0);

            // 初始化参数值为 DBNull.Value. 
            foreach (SqlParameter discoveredParameter in discoveredParameters) 
            { 
                discoveredParameter.Value = DBNull.Value; 
            } 
            return discoveredParameters; 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// SqlParameter参数数组的深层拷贝. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="originalParameters">原始参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个同样的参数数组</returns> 
        private static SqlParameter[] CloneParameters(SqlParameter[] originalParameters) 
        { 
            SqlParameter[] clonedParameters = new SqlParameter[originalParameters.Length];

            for (int i = 0, j = originalParameters.Length; i < j; i++) 
            { 
                clonedParameters[i] = (SqlParameter)((ICloneable)originalParameters[i]).Clone(); 
            }

            return clonedParameters; 
        }

        #endregion 私有方法,字段,构造函数结束

        #region 缓存方法

        /// <summary> 
        /// 追加参数数组到缓存. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">要缓存的参数数组</param> 
        public static void CacheParameterSet(string connectionString, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); 
            if (commandText == null || commandText.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("commandText");

            string hashKey = connectionString + ":" + commandText;

            paramCache[hashKey] = commandParameters; 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 从缓存中获取参数数组. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>参数数组</returns> 
        public static SqlParameter[] GetCachedParameterSet(string connectionString, string commandText) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); 
            if (commandText == null || commandText.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("commandText");

            string hashKey = connectionString + ":" + commandText;

            SqlParameter[] cachedParameters = paramCache[hashKey] as SqlParameter[]; 
            if (cachedParameters == null) 
            { 
                return null; 
            } 
            else 
            { 
                return CloneParameters(cachedParameters); 
            } 
        }

        #endregion 缓存方法结束

        #region 检索指定的存储过程的参数集

        /// <summary> 
        /// 返回指定的存储过程的参数集 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 这个方法将查询数据库,并将信息存储到缓存. 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <returns>返回SqlParameter参数数组</returns> 
        public static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSet(string connectionString, string spName) 
        { 
            return GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName, false); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 返回指定的存储过程的参数集 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 这个方法将查询数据库,并将信息存储到缓存. 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符.</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="includeReturnValueParameter">是否包含返回值参数</param> 
        /// <returns>返回SqlParameter参数数组</returns> 
        public static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSet(string connectionString, string spName, bool includeReturnValueParameter) 
        { 
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) 
            { 
                return GetSpParameterSetInternal(connection, spName, includeReturnValueParameter); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [内部]返回指定的存储过程的参数集(使用连接对象). 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 这个方法将查询数据库,并将信息存储到缓存. 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接字符</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <returns>返回SqlParameter参数数组</returns> 
        internal static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSet(SqlConnection connection, string spName) 
        { 
            return GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName, false); 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [内部]返回指定的存储过程的参数集(使用连接对象) 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 这个方法将查询数据库,并将信息存储到缓存. 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="includeReturnValueParameter"> 
        /// 是否包含返回值参数 
        /// </param> 
        /// <returns>返回SqlParameter参数数组</returns> 
        internal static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSet(SqlConnection connection, string spName, bool includeReturnValueParameter) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); 
            using (SqlConnection clonedConnection = (SqlConnection)((ICloneable)connection).Clone()) 
            { 
                return GetSpParameterSetInternal(clonedConnection, spName, includeReturnValueParameter); 
            } 
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [私有]返回指定的存储过程的参数集(使用连接对象) 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="includeReturnValueParameter">是否包含返回值参数</param> 
        /// <returns>返回SqlParameter参数数组</returns> 
        private static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSetInternal(SqlConnection connection, string spName, bool includeReturnValueParameter) 
        { 
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); 
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            string hashKey = connection.ConnectionString + ":" + spName + (includeReturnValueParameter ? ":include ReturnValue Parameter" : "");

            SqlParameter[] cachedParameters;

            cachedParameters = paramCache[hashKey] as SqlParameter[]; 
            if (cachedParameters == null) 
            { 
                SqlParameter[] spParameters = DiscoverSpParameterSet(connection, spName, includeReturnValueParameter); 
                paramCache[hashKey] = spParameters; 
                cachedParameters = spParameters; 
            }

            return CloneParameters(cachedParameters); 
        }

        #endregion 参数集检索结束

1.添加名为SqlHelper的类，将以上代码复制进去。

2.添加引用

    using System.Data;
    using System.Data.SqlClient;
    using System.Configuration;
    using System.Xml;

3.添加链接字符串

    打开App.config增加以下代码：

    <connectionStrings>
        <add name="ConStr" connectionString="server=.;database=test;uid=sa;pwd=123456"/>
    </connectionStrings>

4.数据库连接以及增删改查操作

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

namespace SqlhelperTest
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //连接数据库
            SqlConnection con = SqlHelper.GetConnection();
            Console.WriteLine("数据库连接成功");

            //建立一张表
            SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(con, CommandType.Text, "create table student(id int primary key,name varchar(20),age int)");
            Console.WriteLine("建表成功");

            //插入数据
            SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(con, CommandType.Text, "insert into student values(1,'Ghazi',21)");
            SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(con, CommandType.Text, "insert into student values(2,'Jack',20)");
            Console.WriteLine("数据插入成功");

            //查询
            DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(con, CommandType.Text, "select* from student");
            foreach (DataRow col in ds.Tables[0].Rows) 
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(col[i].ToString());
                }
            } 

            //修改
            SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(con, CommandType.Text, "update student set age=22 where id=2");
            Console.WriteLine("数据修改成功");

            DataSet ds1 = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(con, CommandType.Text, "select* from student");
            foreach (DataRow col in ds1.Tables[0].Rows)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(col[i].ToString());
                }
            }

            //删除
            SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(con, CommandType.Text, "delete from student where id=2");
            Console.WriteLine("数据删除成功");

            DataSet ds2 = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(con, CommandType.Text, "select* from student");
            foreach (DataRow col in ds2.Tables[0].Rows)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(col[i].ToString());
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

5.相关知识

DataSet类详解  https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.data.dataset.aspx

　　　　　　　  http://www.cnblogs.com/losesea/archive/2012/12/08/2809142.html

常用SQL语句     http://www.cnblogs.com/buzaixian/archive/2009/09/21/1571365.html