C#序列化、反序列化学习

概念：

序列化就是将对象转换为可保持或传输的过程，与序列化相反的过程就是反序列化。

作用：

通过序列化可以很轻松的存储和传输对象。

三种序列化技术：

      .NET提供了三种序列化技术，我只知道这三种技术。分别是：Xml序列化、二进制序列化、Soap序列化（需要在项目内添加引用System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap，然后在类中using这个引用。）

Xml序列化是将对象的公共属性和字段转换为序列格式并保存在Xml文件中。Xml反序列化则是将Xml中的数据重新生成对象。

二进制序列化指使用二进制编码生成精简的序列化，用于存储或基于套接字的网络流。二进制序列化保持类型保真度，这对于应用程序的不同调用之间保留对象的状态很有用。

Soap序列化是将对象序列化为符合Soap规范的Xml流。

序列化的步骤：

       1、创建对象，并设置公共属性和字段

      2、确定使用xml、二进制、Soap这三种方式中的哪种方式序列化对象。具体的步骤如下面的示例。

示例：

       1、新建解决方案Serializer

      2、新建类库Jack.Gao.Domain，并在该类库下添加Person类，Person类的代码如下：

View Code 
 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.Linq;
 4 using System.Text;
 5 using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters;
 6 
 7 namespace Jack.Gao.Domain
 8 {
 9     [Serializable]
10     public class Person
11     {
12         //如果不想实例化某一个字段，可以使用特性NonSerialized标记
13         private int _id;
14         public int Id
15         {
16             get { return _id; }
17             set { _id = value; }
18         }
19 
20         private string _name;
21         public string Name
22         {
23             get { return _name; }
24             set { _name = value; }
25         }
26 
27         private string _sex;
28         public string Sex
29         {
30             get { return _sex; }
31             set { _sex = value; }
32         }
33     }
34 }

      3、新建类库Jack.Gao.PersonFactory，在该库下新建Factory类，用于生成Person。代码如下：

View Code 
 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.Linq;
 4 using System.Text;
 5 
 6 using Jack.Gao.Domain;
 7 
 8 namespace Jack.Gao.PersonFactory
 9 {
10     public class Factory
11     {
12         #region Create Person
13         public static Person CreatePerson()
14         {
15             return new Person();
16         }
17         #endregion       
18     }
19 }

          添加枚举类型SerializerType，代码如下：

View Code 
 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.Linq;
 4 using System.Text;
 5 
 6 namespace Jack.Gao.PersonFactory
 7 {
 8     public enum SerializerType
 9     {
10         Xml,
11         Binary,
12         Soap
13     }
14 }

            再新建一个类SerializerTypeFactory，添加如下代码：

View Code 
 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.Linq;
 4 using System.Text;
 5 using System.IO;
 6 using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
 7 using System.Xml.Serialization;
 8 using System.Diagnostics;
 9 using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;
10 using Jack.Gao.Domain;
11 
12 namespace Jack.Gao.PersonFactory
13 {
14     public static class SerializerTypeFactory
15     {
16         public static object CreateSerializerType(SerializerType serializerType)
17         {
18             object serializer=null;
19 
20             switch (serializerType)
21             {
22                 case SerializerType.Xml:
23                      serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Person));
24                      break;
25                 case SerializerType.Binary:
26                      serializer = new BinaryFormatter();
27                      break;
28                 case SerializerType.Soap:
29                      serializer = new SoapFormatter();
30                      break;
31                 default:
32                     throw new Exception("Type is not correctly!");
33             }
34 
35             return serializer;
36         }
37     }
38 }

       4、新建类库Jack.Gao.CreateSerializerType，新建ICreateSerializer接口和CreateSerializer类。
          ICreateSerializer的代码如下：

View Code 
 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.Linq;
 4 using System.Text;
 5 
 6 namespace Jack.Gao.CreateSerializerType
 7 {
 8     public interface ICreateSerializer
 9     {
10         void XmlSerializePerson();
11         void DeXmlSerializePerson();
12         void UseBinarySerializePerson();
13         void UseBinaryDeSerializePerson();
14         void UseSoapFormatterSerializePerson();
15         void UseSoapFormatterDeSerializePerson();
16     }
17 }

           CreateSerializer的代码如下：

View Code 
  1 using System;
  2 using System.Collections.Generic;
  3 using System.Linq;
  4 using System.Text;
  5 using System.IO;
  6 using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
  7 using System.Xml.Serialization;
  8 using System.Diagnostics;
  9 using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;
 10 
 11 using Jack.Gao.Domain;
 12 using Jack.Gao.PersonFactory;
 13 
 14 
 15 namespace Jack.Gao.CreateSerializerType
 16 {
 17     public class CreateSerializer:ICreateSerializer
 18     {
 19         private static Person _person;
 20 
 21         #region 使用XmlSerializer序列化Person
 22         /// <summary>
 23         /// 序列化Person，使用XmlSerializer的Serialize进行序列化。
 24         /// </summary>
 25         public void XmlSerializePerson()
 26         {
 27             using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("Person.xml", FileMode.Create))
 28             {
 29                 _person = Factory.CreatePerson();
 30 
 31                 _person.Id = 1;
 32                 _person.Name = "Jack Gao";
 33                 _person.Sex = "Man";
 34 
 35                 XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = (XmlSerializer)SerializerTypeFactory.CreateSerializerType(SerializerType.Xml);
 36                 xmlSerializer.Serialize(fileStream, _person);
 37             }
 38         }
 39         #endregion
 40 
 41         #region 使用XmlSerializer反序列化Person
 42         /// <summary>
 43         /// 反序列化Person，使用XmlSerializer的Deserialize进行反序列化。
 44         /// </summary>
 45         public void DeXmlSerializePerson()
 46         {
 47             _person = Factory.CreatePerson();
 48 
 49             using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("Person.xml", FileMode.Open))
 50             {
 51                 XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = (XmlSerializer)SerializerTypeFactory.CreateSerializerType(SerializerType.Xml);
 52                 _person = (Person)xmlSerializer.Deserialize(fileStream);
 53             }
 54 
 55             Console.WriteLine(_person.Id);
 56             Console.WriteLine(_person.Name);
 57             Console.WriteLine(_person.Sex);
 58         }
 59         #endregion
 60 
 61         #region 使用BinaryFormatter序列化Person
 62         public void UseBinarySerializePerson()
 63         {
 64             _person = Factory.CreatePerson();
 65 
 66             _person.Id = 2;
 67             _person.Name = "Jim";
 68             _person.Sex = "Women";
 69 
 70             using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("Person.xml", FileMode.Create))
 71             {
 72                 BinaryFormatter binaryFormatter = (BinaryFormatter)SerializerTypeFactory.CreateSerializerType(SerializerType.Binary);
 73                 binaryFormatter.Serialize(fileStream, _person);
 74             }
 75         }
 76         #endregion
 77 
 78         #region 使用BinaryFormatter反序列化Person
 79         public void UseBinaryDeSerializePerson()
 80         {
 81             Person person = Factory.CreatePerson();
 82 
 83             using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("Person.xml", FileMode.Open))
 84             {
 85                 BinaryFormatter binaryFormatter = (BinaryFormatter)SerializerTypeFactory.CreateSerializerType(SerializerType.Binary);
 86                 person = (Person)binaryFormatter.Deserialize(fileStream);
 87             }
 88 
 89             Console.WriteLine(person.Id);
 90             Console.WriteLine(person.Name);
 91             Console.WriteLine(person.Sex);
 92         }
 93         #endregion
 94 
 95         #region 使用SoapFormatter序列化Person
 96         public void UseSoapFormatterSerializePerson()
 97         {
 98             _person = Factory.CreatePerson();
 99 
100             _person.Id = 3;
101             _person.Name = "Green";
102             _person.Sex = "Man";
103 
104             FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("Person.xml", FileMode.Create);
105             SoapFormatter soapFormatter = (SoapFormatter)SerializerTypeFactory.CreateSerializerType(SerializerType.Soap);
106             soapFormatter.Serialize(fileStream, _person);
107         }
108         #endregion
109 
110         #region 使用SoapFormatter反序列化Person
111         public void UseSoapFormatterDeSerializePerson()
112         {
113             _person = Factory.CreatePerson();
114 
115             FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("Person.xml", FileMode.Open);
116             SoapFormatter soapFormatter = (SoapFormatter)SerializerTypeFactory.CreateSerializerType(SerializerType.Soap);
117             _person = (Person)soapFormatter.Deserialize(fileStream);
118 
119             Console.WriteLine(_person.Id);
120             Console.WriteLine(_person.Name);
121             Console.WriteLine(_person.Sex);
122         }
123         #endregion
124     }
125 }

      5、新建控制台输出程序Jack.Gao.AppSerializer，在Program.cs添加如下代码：

View Code 
 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.Linq;
 4 using System.Text;
 5 using System.IO;
 6 using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
 7 using System.Xml.Serialization;
 8 using System.Diagnostics;
 9 using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;
10 
11 using Jack.Gao.CreateSerializerType;
12 using Jack.Gao.Domain;
13 using Jack.Gao.PersonFactory;
14 
15 namespace Jack.Gao.AppSerializer
16 {
17     class Program
18     {
19         static void Main(string[] args)
20         {
21             CreateSerializer createSerializer = new CreateSerializer();
22             //createSerializer.XmlSerializePerson();
23             //createSerializer.DeXmlSerializePerson();
24 
25             //createSerializer.UseBinarySerializePerson();
26             //createSerializer.UseBinaryDeSerializePerson();
27 
28             //createSerializer.UseSoapFormatterSerializePerson();
29             createSerializer.UseSoapFormatterDeSerializePerson();
30             ShowIsSuccess();
31 
32             Console.ReadKey();
33         }
34 
35         private static void ShowIsSuccess()
36         {
37             if (IsExitFile())
38             {
39                 Console.WriteLine("Create File sucessfull.");
40             }
41             else
42             {
43                 Console.WriteLine("Create File error.");
44             }
45         }
46 
47         private static bool IsExitFile()
48         {
49             bool exitXmlFile = false;
50 
51             string currentApplicationPath = Process.GetCurrentProcess().MainModule.FileName;
52 
53             if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(currentApplicationPath))
54             {
55                 exitXmlFile = true;
56             }
57             else
58             {
59                 exitXmlFile = false;
60             }
61 
62             return exitXmlFile;
63         }
64     }
65 }

            运行该程序，可以看到在输出目录下多了一个Person.xml的文件，可以查看里面的内容，以下内容使用soap序列化后生成的，你也可以查看其它的两种方式生成的内容。

           

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/GaoHuhu/p/2613384.html